时间:2019-02-18 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

  托福写作考场上不乏写作开头和结尾生搬硬套的同学。其实,这种学生的语言天赋和功底都很好但在追求高分的过程中走入了误区。一个是语言风格上的混合错误:正式语言与非正式语言反差过大,现代英语中掺杂古英语或旧式英语;另一个是词语搭配错误。这亦是中国学生普遍的问题所在。

  我们一定要注意到,写作是应用写作(practical writing),非创造性写作(creative

  writing),即考察学生的语言表述能力,而不是文学创作能力。无论是综合写作还是独立写作,考生追求的基本目标是把想说的意思用书面英语表达清楚,让阅卷人读懂和明白。从语言角度来说,有两大标准,即准确性和多样化。能够达到词词准确,又使用到不同的词句来表达相同、相似的意思,从语言角度来说已经符合托福写作考试的高分要求。

  先来说说准确性。譬如这样一个句子:My writing ability increased by reading many books.

  拆开来看,每个英文单词对应的中文意思是对的。但存在一个问题,ability和increase是不搭配的。任何一个单词,都不能单纯地说用得好不好。语言是讲究搭配的,简单常见的词只要搭配合适,放置合适的语境,依然可以锻造完美的句子。这个道理和穿衣混搭是一样的。穿着漂亮不在于单品是如何大牌如何昂贵,而在于款式质地的和谐,以及最后的上身效果。

  在这个句子中,increase表示增加的意思,主要表示数量的增加。尽管有时也能表示程度的增进,但这里和ability的搭配是不正确的。一般我们说develop

  one"s ability,也可以说improve one"s ability. 因此,这句话得修改成My writing ability developed

  by reading many books.

  当然还可以修改得更地道一些。后半句想表达“阅读”,学生一般的习惯是把“读”和“书”全部翻译出来。注意,写作是表达,不是翻译。这么写固然是对的,还不够理想。

  我们进一步把句子修改成My writing ability developed by reading much.

  从表达效果来讲,已经“达”了,考生想表述的意思和阅卷人读到的意思完全吻合。当然句子可以再继续修改得更加豪华,本文暂不赘述。



标签: 托福写作
学英语单词
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