时间:2019-02-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   在句中充当定语的句子就叫做定语从句,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,修饰从句的先行词。


  考点一 先行词
  先行词严格的讲不是从句的一部分,但由于它是从句修饰的对象,对从句引导词的选择、从句谓语的数都起着决定作用,直接影响到定语从句的主谓一致问题
  例如:如果先行词是the girl,表示人,则引导词应是who或whom或that, 从句谓语必须是第三人称单数形式;
  She is the girl whom I saw in the zoo yesterday.
  She is the girl who sells computer.
  如果先行词是the goods, 则引导词是that或which, 从句谓语是第三人称复数形式
  Do you get the photos that I sent last week.
  例题:
  Resin 1 is a substance that ---- in water.
  (A) does not dissolve
  (B) do not dissolve
  (C) not dissolving
  (D) not dissolved
  答案:A
  解释:此句主句是系表结构,表语substance由that引导的定语从句修饰, 空格处需要从句的谓语,C和D都是分词,无法独立作谓语,首先排除;substance是单数,依据从句主谓一致原则,动词也应是单数,故A正确
  考点二 关系代词
  大部分定语从句都由关系代词引导,主要的关系代词包括:that, who, which, whom, whose,
  其中可以代替人(指先行词)的是:that, who, whom;
  代替物的是that, which;
  whose之前既可接人又可接物,但必须和名词搭配使用。
  关系代词在从句中必须承担语法成分,可作从句的主语或宾语:
  作主语的关系代词是:that, who, which, whose,它们在从句中不可省略;
  作宾语的是:that, whom, which, 它们在从句中可省略
  注意:在作主语的关系代词中whose是唯一可和另一名词连用的
  作从句主语的句子,如:
  She's got a parrot that / which can speak “hello”.
  He' the man who /that takes charge of this department.
  Have you noticed the lady whose hair has gone grey?
  作从句宾语的句子,如:
  Is she the one (whom /that) you're looking for?(for之后不要加her)
  Show me the book (that /which) you read just now.(read之后不要加it)
  考点三 介词前置于关系代词
  当关系代词作句中介词的宾语时,介词可以前置于关系代词,此时关系代词不能省略,而且只能用which或whom.
  如:This is the road by which we came.
  That is the man about whom we have heard so much.
  注意:先行词为the way的定语从句中in which习惯上可以省略
  This is the way (in which) I make the problem out.
  例题:
  (1)
  And ideal is a standard ---- people judge phenomena 2.
  (A) how
  (B) of
  (C) by which
  (D) for it
  答案:C
  解释:空格前后都是主谓结构,可知需填入从句引导词,B, D可先排除;依句意应构成定语从句,故选C
  (2)
  In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late1800's Elizabeth Mead 3 laid the foundation ---- the modern college rests.
  (A) is which
  (B) on which
  (C) which is on
  (D) on it
  答案:B
  解释:空格前后都有主谓结构, 显然空格处需要从句引导词, A、D可先排除, 从句已有主语college, C也肯定不对, 只有B是正确的定语从句, 其中词组rest on中的介词前置于关系代词which
  考点四 关系副词
  定语从句还可以由关系副词when, where或why引导,关系副词在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语
  如:Have you ever been to the house where he used to live? (where=in which)
  I could hardly forget the day when my uncle passed away. (when=on which)
  Tell me the reason why I am fired. (why=for which)
  例题:
  (1)
  The knee is the joint 4----the thigh 5 bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
  (A) when
  (B) where
  (C) why
  (D) which
  答案:B
  解释:空白处前后都包含主谓结构, 句意上后句是对前句joint一词的解释, 可推知需要填入定语从句引导词, 又因从句中主谓宾语俱全, 可知缺少的是表地点的关系副词, 那末A、C、D 均可排除
  考点五 定语从句类别
  定语从句可分为限定性和非限定性两种,其主要区别为:
  1. 非限定性定语从句中,引导词和先行词之间需用逗号隔开。
  2. 非限定性定语从句中,引导词一般不用that,
  在修饰人时用who, whom, whose
  He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college.
  在修饰物时用 which
  3. 限定性定语从句是句子不可或缺的部分,去掉会造成句意不清;而非限定性定语从句只是补充说明的作用,有无对句意影响不大,翻译时常译作独立的句子,而不是定语
  对比下列句子:
  He refused to reveal the man who had beaten him black and blue. (man是特定的)
  I no longer live in Beijing,  where air pollution did great harm to my health.
  (Beijing是众所周知的,无需限定,若限定则意味着世界上有不止一个北京)
  TOEFL考的基本都是限定性定语从句

n.树脂,松香,树脂制品;vt.涂树脂
  • This allyl type resin is a highly transparent, colourless material.这种烯丙基型的树脂是一种高度透明的、无色材料。
  • This is referred to as a thixotropic property of the resin.这种特性叫做树脂的触变性。
n.现象
  • Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
  • The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系,如果存在着任何联系的话。
n.蜂蜜酒
  • He gave me a cup of mead.他给我倒了杯蜂蜜酒。
  • He drank some mead at supper.晚饭时他喝了一些蜂蜜酒。
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
n.大腿;股骨
  • He is suffering from a strained thigh muscle.他的大腿肌肉拉伤了,疼得很。
  • The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone.股骨连着髋骨。
学英语单词
30 Decembrie
actinmicrofilament
aggregrate
angiographs
annual report of exchange restriction
appendicular
ar process
augrime
barbette
Bay of Plenty
be disappointed at
bettanies
bichromate of potash
Bluff Creek
Bolshevist
boxberries
brass nuts
calendered coating
came into possession
cargador
catalytic current
cause-oriented
Cherna
cistern of Pecquet
crosstrees
cryptofunctions
daily contract quantity(dcq)
desizing
destructive breakdown
difiore
digital videodisk,digital versatile disk
dormitory town
effective tensile strength
electrochemical power generation
electron mobility detector
eminentia intercondylica
ethanol-toluene azeotrope
external stores inlet
first moment
fixed shaft
flako
fluoresces
folded and gathered
gains on
governing clause
group incentive pay
hadrill
haisches
halk
hoop of spring
hydrochinone
in red ink
in-fights
inbred line chick
insectator
integral valued polynomial
isoallyl
K-Carrageenase
landgraviates
lateral tractive force
liberal
linearized twta
luteolin-7-o-glucoside
macroeconometrics
make the best of things
Mescitli
milling slide
more to come
node transformation
over-cut
oxyalizarin
partial dominance
peripheral control transfer
phase hunter
pit-
polyparagenetic minerals
powdered material
pre-legislation
psilomelanite (psilomelane)
regulator(gene)
resolution of range ambiguity
response utterance
Robert's maculae
selfode
Shade-screen
shunt-connected motor
single-purpose instrument
sized
sprucy
standardized rate
take one's ways
tigrays
toxin-antitoxin immunity
uninterruption power sources
uuts
weigh ... out
whiteoil
wood wool making machine
work therapy
WSAT
yuhua stone
zaffar