顽固修正主义者抹黑日本形象

 　　For the last seven decades, Japan has been a rather inward looking nation, not much engaged either with its neighbors or the world beyond in other than purely 1 economic concerns: trade and outward foreign direct investment.

　　过去70年间，日本基本算是个内向型国家（inward looking nation），除纯粹的经济问题，即贸易及对外直接投资以外，很少参与邻国及全球的事务。
　　Beyond the purely economic dimensions, Japan cannot claim to have been an active Asian, let alone global citizen. Indeed, in many ways Japan has remained closed to its neighbors. The so-called Asian NIEs (newly industrialized economies) were able to achieve export-driven growth by penetrating 2, and profiting from, American and European markets, not that of their rich neighbor Japan.
　　在纯经济领域之外，日本不能说是一个活跃的“亚洲公民”，更称不上是活跃的“世界公民”了。的确，日本在很多方面都对邻国采取封闭态度。所谓的亚洲新兴工业化经济体（newly industrialized economies，NIEs）当年是依靠打入欧美市场，而非其富裕的邻国日本，出口产品赚取利润来发展经济。
　　This is one of the many differences between Germany and Japan. Germany has been the major market for its European neighbors, including the emerging East European economies. In contrast, Japan has not played the role of a regional economic locomotive.
　　这也是德国与日本的诸多区别之一。德国已成为其欧洲邻国（包括新兴的东欧经济体）的主要贸易市场，而日本在拉动地区经济方面并未发挥有力作用。
　　顽固修正主义者抹黑日本形象
　　The other major difference between Germany and Japan is that, while the former has atoned 3 for its atrocities 4 and has reconciled peacefully with its neighbors, Japan has not.
　　德日的另一个重要区别在于，德国已经为它曾经犯下的暴行赎罪，并且与邻国冰释前嫌，日本则不然。
　　The fact that Japan should be redefining its military role raises many questions, especially because of the way two security bills were railroaded through parliament. Polls indicate that two-thirds of the Japanese people are opposed to the bills. There have been demonstrations 5 and petitions against them in Japan.
　　日本试图改变其军事定位的做法引发了很多质疑，尤其考虑到两次安保法案都是由国会强行通过。调查显示2/3的日本民众反对新安保法案。为此，日本民众曾多次举行抗议和请愿活动。
　　Fundamentally, however, the fact that Japan has not been an active Asian citizen would not have per se caused grave concern. What is worrying is that this is happening in conjunction with the increasingly strident nationalism and revisionism of the Japanese political leadership.
　　然而，从本质上说，日本并非积极的“亚洲公民”这一事实本身并不必令人十分担忧，此时正值日本政治领导人越发强硬地推行其民族主义和修正主义思想，这才是真正令人担忧的。
　　Although Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has refrained from visiting Yasukuni Shrine 6 which, among others honors 14 Class-A war criminals, after 2013 visit because of intense international pressure, many other prominent Japanese politicians, including members of Abe's government, continue to regularly visit it.
　　出于强大的国际压力，2013年之后，日本首相安倍没有再参拜供奉有14名甲级战犯的靖国神社，然而包括安倍内阁官员在内的许多日本高层领导人仍坚持定期参拜神社。
　　Among the 14 Class-A war criminals honored in the Yasukuni Shrine is Iwane Matsui, the officer responsible for the Nanjing Massacre 7 in which more than 300,000 Chinese were killed. This is as if, in Germany, members of Chancellor 8 Angela Merkel's Christian 9 Democratic Union visited and paid homage 10 to the tombs of the Waffen SS. This act is a cruel provocation 11 vis-à-vis Japan's neighbors and war victims, and thereby 12 a major reason why there is no peace in the Asia-Pacific region.
　　靖国神社中供奉的14名甲级战犯包括制造南京大屠杀的主犯松井石根。南京大屠杀的中国遇难者超30万。日本政界的做法就如同德国总理默克尔参拜纳粹党卫队的墓地并致敬。这是对日本邻国及战争受害者的残忍挑衅，同时也是造成亚太地区不和谐局面的一个重要原因。
　　Over half of Abe's Cabinet, including Abe himself, along with some 150 members of parliament from the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, are members of a powerful ultra-nationalist lobby known as Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference). Far from promoting democracy, it insists that the American occupation and the pacifist Constitution emasculated Japan.
　　安倍内阁中超过半数的成员，包括安倍本人，以及约150名执政党自民党的议员都是“日本会议”（Nippon Kaigi）的成员。“日本会议”是一个很有影响力的极端民族主义游说团体。它不推行民主，反而主张美国的占领和和平主义的宪法是对日本的阉割。
　　This is the domestic political context in Japan which makes advocating re-arming Japan so troublesome. This same group praises the invasions, massacres 13 and rapes 14 of its East Asian neighbors as wars of liberation.
　　日本国内的这种政治环境使得日本解除集体自卫权一事尤为令人苦恼。“日本会议”还将日本战时对东亚邻国人民的侵略、屠杀和强奸等罪行粉饰为解放战争。
　　The most heinous 15 aspect of contemporary Japanese revisionism is the denial of the plight 16 of the Korean and Chinese sex slaves (known euphemistically in Japanese as "comfort women") - forced into prostitution by the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II. Japanese revisionists deny their existence or, worse, claim they were just common prostitutes. As a group of Japanese historical associations has asserted in a recent declaration, "the existence of forcibly recruited 'comfort women' has been verified by many historical records and research" and "those who were made 'comfort women' fell victim to unspeakable violence as sex slaves".
　　日本当代修正主义最令人发指的一面是否认在二战前及战中日本帝国陆军曾逼迫中韩女性成为性奴（日本使用委婉语“慰安妇”）。日本修正主义者否认慰安妇的存在，甚至宣称她们本身就是妓女。近日，许多日本的历史研究团体已经在一份宣言中证实，“大量历史资料和研究已经证明被‘逼良为娼’的慰安妇的存在”且 “这些慰安妇作为性奴遭受了不可言说的暴力伤害。”
　　If Japanese parliamentarians stopped visiting to the Yasukuni, if Nippon Kaigi were dissolved, if Abe bowed before the memorial erected 17 in honor of the "comfort women", there would be far less concern about Japan's increased military role.
　　如果日本议员停止参拜靖国神社，如果“日本会议”被解散，如果安倍在慰安妇受害者的纪念碑前鞠躬道歉，人们也就不会对日本军事力量的增长这般担忧了。
　　But given the unrelenting chauvinism that pervades 18 Japan's political establishment, it is no wonder that in East Asia there is serious concern about the resurgence 19 of Japanese militarism - and hence the prospect 20 of war in Asia.
　　但盲目的爱国主义仍旧主导着日本内阁，所以难怪东亚各国对日本军国主义的死灰复燃以及亚洲未来可能因此爆发战争都颇为担忧。
　　The author: Jean-Pierre Lehmann is an emeritus 21 professor of international political economy at the Institute for Management Development in Lausanne, Switzerland, and co-author of Japan's Open Future: An Agenda for Global Citizenship 22.
　　关于作者：让-皮埃尔·莱曼（Jean-Pierre Lehmann），瑞典洛桑国际管理发展学院国际政治与经济学荣誉教授，《日本未来的一种选择：成为全球公民的议程》的作者之一。
　　Vocabulary
　　atone：弥补，赎罪
　　atrocity：暴行
　　reconcile：与…和好
　　emasculate：阉割，削弱
　　heinous：令人发指的
　　parliamentarian：议会议员
　　pervade：遍布