专业四八级-填空题常考结构 11
时间：2019-02-17 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语课
十八、逻辑主语结构在一个完整的句子前面出现现在分词、过去分词、或者介词短语，那么这个句子的主语是前面这三种结构逻辑上的主语。
例1：Having been served lunch, ___. (A) the problem was discussed by the members of the committee (B) the committee members discussed the problem (C) it was discussed by the committee members the problem (D) a discussion of the problem was make by the members of the committee 分析：Having been served lunch指被招待了午饭，那么只可能是委员会的成员被招待，而不可能是问题，所以选择B
例2：___was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later, in 1834. (A) Settling Brooklyn, the Dutch (B) The Dutch settled Brooklyn (C) Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch (D) Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn 分析：空格后面是谓语和状语，空格处缺主语。Brooklyn表示人或者Dutch表示地方做主语，但是从as a city可知，主语不是人名，而是地名，由此首先排除A。B、C均是句子，不合要求。D符合句法和题意。
例3：At thirteen___at a district school near her home, and when she was fifteen , she saw her first article in print. (A) the first teaching position that Mary Jane Hawes had (B) the teaching position was Mary Jane Hawe''s first (C) when Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching position (D) Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching position 分析：从并列连词and 可知，第一个逗号前是一个完整的句子，空格处缺主谓结构，而且主语是一个人名。四个选项中只有D以人名作主语，故选D。
例4： Even at low levels, ___. (A) the nervous system has produced detrimental 1 effects by lead (B) lead''s detrimental effects are producing the nervous system (C) lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system (D) the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system 分析：空格前为介词短语状语，空格处缺一个完整的句子。A、B结构上似乎完整，但意思不清，D不是完整的句子，故选C。
例5：The chorus plays a large part in any oratorio 2, linking A B C areas were sung by soloists 3 with segments of choral music. D 分析：应该把D中的were去掉
十九、复合宾语结构有些及物动词+宾语后意思表达不完整，需要再加形容词或者名词来补充说明宾语被叫做不完全及物动词，该形容词或者名词叫做宾语补足语。宾语加补足语叫做复合宾语。当宾语和宾补由主动语态变为被动语态，分别变为主语和主补。 We played soccer. We called him Bob. Bob在这里作宾语补足语 He was called Bob. Bob在这里作主语补足语
下面列出了一些经常要求使用宾补的动词 make, consider, call, elect, appoint, 例：We appoint him monitor. We elected him president.
例1：Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting , but the American Kennel 4 Club does not consider them___because they are now primarily kept as pets. (A) where sporting dogs (B) sporting dogs (C) when sporting dogs (D) they are sportingdogs 分析：选择B, them是宾语，sporting dogs宾补
例1：Having been served lunch, ___. (A) the problem was discussed by the members of the committee (B) the committee members discussed the problem (C) it was discussed by the committee members the problem (D) a discussion of the problem was make by the members of the committee 分析：Having been served lunch指被招待了午饭，那么只可能是委员会的成员被招待，而不可能是问题，所以选择B
例2：___was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later, in 1834. (A) Settling Brooklyn, the Dutch (B) The Dutch settled Brooklyn (C) Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch (D) Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn 分析：空格后面是谓语和状语，空格处缺主语。Brooklyn表示人或者Dutch表示地方做主语，但是从as a city可知，主语不是人名，而是地名，由此首先排除A。B、C均是句子，不合要求。D符合句法和题意。
例3：At thirteen___at a district school near her home, and when she was fifteen , she saw her first article in print. (A) the first teaching position that Mary Jane Hawes had (B) the teaching position was Mary Jane Hawe''s first (C) when Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching position (D) Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching position 分析：从并列连词and 可知，第一个逗号前是一个完整的句子，空格处缺主谓结构，而且主语是一个人名。四个选项中只有D以人名作主语，故选D。
例4： Even at low levels, ___. (A) the nervous system has produced detrimental 1 effects by lead (B) lead''s detrimental effects are producing the nervous system (C) lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system (D) the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system 分析：空格前为介词短语状语，空格处缺一个完整的句子。A、B结构上似乎完整，但意思不清，D不是完整的句子，故选C。
例5：The chorus plays a large part in any oratorio 2, linking A B C areas were sung by soloists 3 with segments of choral music. D 分析：应该把D中的were去掉
十九、复合宾语结构有些及物动词+宾语后意思表达不完整，需要再加形容词或者名词来补充说明宾语被叫做不完全及物动词，该形容词或者名词叫做宾语补足语。宾语加补足语叫做复合宾语。当宾语和宾补由主动语态变为被动语态，分别变为主语和主补。 We played soccer. We called him Bob. Bob在这里作宾语补足语 He was called Bob. Bob在这里作主语补足语
下面列出了一些经常要求使用宾补的动词 make, consider, call, elect, appoint, 例：We appoint him monitor. We elected him president.
例1：Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting , but the American Kennel 4 Club does not consider them___because they are now primarily kept as pets. (A) where sporting dogs (B) sporting dogs (C) when sporting dogs (D) they are sportingdogs 分析：选择B, them是宾语，sporting dogs宾补
adj.损害的，造成伤害的
- We know that heat treatment is detrimental to milk.我们知道加热对牛奶是不利的。
- He wouldn't accept that smoking was detrimental to health.他不相信吸烟有害健康。
n.神剧，宗教剧，清唱剧
- It's the world's most popular oratorio.这是世界上最流行的清唱剧。
- The Glee Club decided to present an oratorio during their recital.高兴俱乐部的决定提出的清唱剧在其演奏。
n.独唱者，独奏者，单飞者( soloist的名词复数 )
- The soloists were ably supported by the University Singers. 这些独唱歌手得到了大学歌手的大力支持。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Summer music festivals feature leading orchestras, soloists and opera companies. 在夏季举行的各音乐节，有著名的交响乐团、独唱和独奏者及歌剧团表演。 来自互联网