时间:2019-02-17 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

 现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语,其结构为:主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。使用此结构要特别注意:句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系,并不是所有的动词都可以跟宾语加现在分词作宾语补足语。掌握现在分词作宾语补足语的结构要注意下面的五点。


  一、感官动词+宾语+现在分词,现在分词做宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行。例如:
  He saw her working in the garden.他看见她正在花园里干活。
  分析:“He”在句子中做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子,working in the garden宾语补足语。
  I heard a bell ringing.我听见铃在响。
  I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。
  高中范围内,适用于“感官动词+宾语+现在分词”的结构,现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有:feel,find,hear,notice,observe,see,watch等。
  在listen to和look at后面也可跟宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。例如:
  Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。
  She looked at him waiting there.她瞧着他等在那里。
  二、使役动词+宾语+现在分词,现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语。例如:
  His question has set me thinking.他的问题让我深思。
  分析:“His question”在句子中做主语,“has set”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子,thinking做宾语补足语。
  The arrival 1 of the police sent the robbers 2 running away quickly.警察的到来使强盗们四处逃窜。
  The peasants 3 had the tractor 4 working day and night at the harvest time.农忙时,农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。
  The captain got the soldiers moving towards the front after a short rest.休息片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。
  高中范围内,适用于“使役动词+宾语+现在分词”的结构,现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语常用的动词有:get,have,keep,leave,send,set等。
  三、上述两种结构可变为被动形式。例如:
  He was found lying on the floor.有人发现他躺在地上。
  分析:“He”在句子中做主语,“was found”作谓语,使用了被动语态,lying on the floor做宾语补足语。请看下面的句子,划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。
  He was seen sitting in a café.有人看见他坐在一家咖啡馆里。
  The papers 5 were left lying around.文件散落了一地。
  四、现在分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别。
  feel,find,hear,notice,observe,see,watch 等感官动词,既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。现在分词作句子中的宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行;不带to的不定式作句子中的宾语补足语,表示动作的完成。试比较下面句子:
  He saw her working in the garden.(She was working in the garden.)他看见她在花园里干活。
  He saw her enter the room.(She entered the room.)他看见她走进屋子。
  使役动词get,have既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不定式作宾语补足语。get sb to do/have sb do sth表示“使/让/叫某人去做某事”,侧重动作的结果;have sb/sth doing表示“使/让某人/物持续地做某事”,侧重动作的持续;get sb/sth doing表示“使某人/物开始行动起来”,侧重动作的开始。试比较下面的句子:
  Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.母亲让我到商店买一些盐。
  I can‘t get him to stop smoking 6.He won’t listen to me.我不能使他戒烟。他不听我的话。
  The mother had the boy cleaning the room the whole afternoon.(母亲让这个男孩整个下午清理房间。)
  I can‘t get the car starting.(我不能把车发动起来。)
  五、现在分词有时用被动形式作宾语补足语,其结构为“动词+宾语+being done…”。例如:
  I saw him being carried away on a stretcher.我看见他被人用担架抬走。
  分析:“I”在句子中做主语,“saw”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子,划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。
  One could hear all kinds of things being discussed there.你可以听到那里在谈论的问题五花八门,无所不有。
  高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+being done…”的结构,现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有:feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch等。
  练习:选择最佳答案。
  1.---Why did you go back to the shop?
  ---I left my friend________there.(2002上海)
  A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits
  2.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.(2003北京春)
  A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked
  3.He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(2004北京春)
  A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting
  4.Don‘t leave the water ___ while you brush your teeth.(2004天津)
  A.run B.running C.being run D.to run
  答案:1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B

n.到达,达到,到达者
  • She's impatient for her father's arrival.她急切地盼望着父亲的到来。
  • The new arrival was none other than the President.刚到的不是别人,正是总统。
n.抢劫者,强盗,盗贼( robber的名词复数 );盗匪
  • The robbers fled empty-handed. 抢劫犯一无所获地逃走了。
  • The policeman discharged his gun at the fleeing robbers. 警察向逃跑的强盗开了枪。 来自《简明英汉词典》
农民(复数)
  • the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 1381年的农民起义
  • They advised the peasants on how to use the machine. 他们指导农民如何使用这台机器。
n.拖拉机,牵引车
  • You must oil the tractor every day.你必须每天给拖拉机加油。
  • He has a tractor.他有一台拖拉机。
n.文件,纸币,论文
  • I want to check with my secretary before I sign the papers.在签署这些文件前,我要与我的秘书商议。
  • The lawyer read all the papers relating to the case.律师阅读了与该案有关的全部文件。
n.吸烟,抽烟;冒烟
  • He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
  • He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。
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