科学美国人60秒 SSS 诺贝尔物理学奖颁给激光控制实验者

Nobel in Physics for Controlling Laser Light

诺贝尔物理学奖颁给激光控制实验者

“The main practical application of CPA so far has been in the eye surgery. It was the first one, and I think it is the one that is used by the most people for something practical.”Donna Strickland on the phone this morning with G?ran Hansson of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, after learning that she had shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. CPA is chirped 1 pulse amplification 2, a technique for producing incredibly short pulses of laser light of very high intensity 3.

目前注册会计师的主要实际应用是眼科手术。这是第一个，我认为大多数人都用它来做一些实际的事情。唐娜·斯特里克兰德(Donna Strickland)今早在卡罗林斯卡学院(Karolinska Institute)与诺贝尔大会(Nobel Assembly)的戈兰·汉森(Goran Hansson)通了电话，此前她得知自己与他人分享了诺贝尔物理学奖。CPA是一种啁啾脉冲放大技术，这种技术可以产生非常短的脉冲激光强度非常高。

A few minutes before talking with Strickland, Hansson made the announcement:“This year’s prize is about tools made from light. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has today decided 4 to award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to Arthur Ashkin for the optical tweezers 5 and their application to biological systems and the other half jointly 6 to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their method of generating high-intensity, ultrashort optical pulses.

在与思特里克兰德交谈前几分钟，汉森发表声明说:“今年的奖项是关于由光制成的工具。瑞典皇家科学院今天决定授予2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的一半为光学镊子和亚瑟Ashkin应用生物系统和另一半共同杰拉德Mourou和唐娜?斯特里克兰的方法产生高强度的超短光脉冲。

“Arthur Ashkin was born in 1922 in New York City. He made his remarkable 7 invention at the Bell Laboratories in New Jersey 8 in the United States. Gérard Mourou was born in 1944 in Albertville in France. And he’s currently at the école Polytechnique in Palaiseau in France, and also affiliated 9 with the University of Michigan in the United States.

阿瑟·阿什金1922年出生于纽约市。他在美国新泽西州的贝尔实验室完成了他的非凡发明。1944年，杰拉德·穆卢出生于法国阿尔贝维尔。他现在在法国帕莱索的理工学院工作，也在美国的密歇根大学工作。

“Donna Strickland was born in 1959 in Guelph, and she’s currently at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Drs. Mourou and Strickland did much of their groundbreaking work together at the University of Rochester in the United States.”

唐娜·斯特里克兰德1959年出生于圭尔夫，目前就读于加拿大滑铁卢大学。Drs。Mourou和Strickland在美国罗切斯特大学一起从事了许多开创性的工作。

Physicist 10 Olga Bottner, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, added:“Today we celebrate two inventions within the field of laser physics that have opened new scientific vistas 11. But what’s more, have already led to applications of direct benefit to society. Optical tweezers allowing control of tiny living organisms. And an amplification technique enabling construction of high-intensity compact laser systems.”

诺贝尔物理学奖委员会主席，物理学家奥尔加·波特纳补充说:“今天我们庆祝激光物理学领域的两项发明，它们开启了新的科学前景。但更重要的是，已经导致应用直接效益的社会。光镊子可以控制微小的生物。以及一种可用于构建高强度致密激光系统的放大技术。

For an in-depth listen about the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics, look for the Scientific American Science Talk podcast later today.

想要深入了解2018年诺贝尔物理学奖，请收看今天晚些时候的科学美国人科学谈话播客。