时间:2019-02-03 作者:英语课 分类:2018年科学美国人10月


英语课

Antifreeze Surface Fights Ice with Ice


Every year, 20 million tons of salt are dumped on roads and highways across the U.S. to eliminate ice. And airlines spray up to 1,000 gallons of antifreeze on any one plane to de-ice it. But now scientists have come up with what might be a more environmentally friendly alternative.


美国每年有2000万吨的盐被倾倒在道路和高速公路上用以融冰。航空公司在每架飞机上都要喷洒1000加仑的防冻剂来除冰。但现在,科学家们想出了一种更环保的替代方案。


"We've often heard the expression, 'It's time to fight fire with fire.' Well I think now it's time to fight ice with ice." Jonathan Boreyko studies fluid mechanics at Virginia Tech.


“我们经常听到这样一句话,‘是时候以其人之道还治其人之身了。’”“好吧,我想现在是时候用冰与冰对抗了。”Jonathan Boreyko在弗吉尼亚理工大学学习流体力学。


And what he means by that is: if ice growth is inevitable 1, why not design certain areas of plane wings or roads or HVAC systems specifically to attract ice…to control the chaos 2, and keep ice-forming moisture away from the rest of the surface? Use ice itself…as antifreeze?


他的意思是:如果结冰是不可避免的,为什么不设计一些特定区域的飞机机翼、道路或暖通系统来吸引冰…以遏制混乱,并使冰形成的水分远离表面的其他部分?用冰本身作为防冻剂?


To test the idea, he and his team used lasers to cut tiny grooves 3 into aluminum 4 surfaces. Those grooves, once filled with water and frozen, turned into tiny stripes of ice, which indeed kept the rest of the surface 80 to 90 percent frost-free, even in incredibly humid cold air.


为了验证这个想法,他和团队用激光在铝制表面切割出细小的凹槽。这些沟槽一旦被水填满并冻结,就会变成细小的冰纹,即使在极其潮湿的寒冷空气中,这些沟槽也能保持表面80%到90%的无霜状态。


"What's happening is the ice striped areas are just so attractive to the moisture, that it kind of tractor beams all the moisture that's going to the surface towards the striped regions preferentially, such that the intermediate areas, if you design it right, just stay completely dry."


“冰条纹区域对水分的吸引力太大了,它就像拖拉机一样,把所有的水分优先输送到条纹区域,这样中间的区域,如果你设计正确,就会保持完全干燥。


The results—and some cool time-lapse videos—are in the journal ACS Applied 5 Materials & Interfaces 6.


结果——以及一些很酷的延时视频——刊登在《ACS应用材料与界面》杂志上。


Boreyko and his team have already patented the tech. If it proves viable 7 after more R&D, it might make our wintertime fight against frost a lot more environmentally friendly.


Boreyko和他的团队已经为这项技术申请了专利。如果经过深度研发,证明这项技术可行的,这可能会让我们冬季与霜冻的战斗更加环保。



adj.不可避免的,必然发生的
  • Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
  • The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。
n.混乱,无秩序
  • After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后,城市一片混乱。
  • The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。
n.沟( groove的名词复数 );槽;老一套;(某种)音乐节奏v.沟( groove的第三人称单数 );槽;老一套;(某种)音乐节奏
  • Wheels leave grooves in a dirt road. 车轮在泥路上留下了凹痕。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Sliding doors move in grooves. 滑动门在槽沟中移动。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
n.(aluminium)铝
  • The aluminum sheets cannot be too much thicker than 0.04 inches.铝板厚度不能超过0.04英寸。
  • During the launch phase,it would ride in a protective aluminum shell.在发射阶段,它盛在一只保护的铝壳里。
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
界面( interface的名词复数 ); 接口(连接两装置的电路,可使数据从一种代码转换成另一种代码); 交界; 联系
  • If the class needs to be reprogrammed, new interfaces are created. 如果class需要重新程序设计,新的interfaces创建。
  • Interfaces solve this problem of evolving code. Interfaces解决了代码升级的问题。
adj.可行的,切实可行的,能活下去的
  • The scheme is economically viable.这个计划从经济效益来看是可行的。
  • The economy of the country is not viable.这个国家经济是难以维持的。
学英语单词
acculturational
Ahok
air servicer
air tube connector
allylisulfocarbamide
Alyssum lenense
annealing kiln
anti-detonant
arggh
bainitic
bank eligible bonds
birdsat
body persecution
butter knife
chin implant
cotton ball cloud
crankcase mayonnaise
crime of affray
crow pram
current collecting equipment with liquid metal
dilettanteish
Distoma hepaticum
DJC
drawing-in machine
elingued
epidihydrocholesterin
even zonal harmonics
exclusive-NOR gate
Fenmetrazin
fetichises
flowind
galula
gavots
glyco-nucleoprotein
group technology code
head-emptier
heat sensimeter
hyperbolic variational inequation
hypersensitive angiitis
impact matrix
Inner Manchuria
inscription on a tablet
interactive placement
Irurita
keesee
Kraynovka
lateral distal mandibular
layettes
layzer
ligmentum popliteum arcuatum
limits of audition
loflucarban
M.Ap.L.
metzincins
minimum-size
Nam Ha
nominal pressure rating
one-block
package management system
people's
photo typography
platinum resistance thermometry
Platt.
plot a distance
plumb perpendicular
predations
premature eruption of tooth
prison gangs
psychosociology
puts together
rectalox glaberi
respiratory environment
restored nonevent
Roulans
Samaritan Pentateuch
shaping amplifier
shipments sent
sill splicing
simple analytic function
somniferum
sound source room
spider-web antenna
spot radiation source
sunshine pill
Swainsona salsula
Syncalathium disciforme
tapman
tea-dancer
telepathising
tensor geometry
thromboresistant
to bake
toll communication network
tracer compound
travelblogs
ultrapure material
underinflated
use exertions
vaginal discharges
Veterans Affairs
vittore carpaccio
Vygozero, Ozero