科学美国人60秒 SSS 医疗保健让尼安德特人“超重”
时间：2019-02-03 作者：英语课 分类：2018年科学美国人10月
Health Care Let Neandertals "Punch above Their Weight"
Health care isn't just a benefit of the modern human age. It goes way back. All the way, even, to the Neandertals."We imagine they would have been cleaning wounds, dressing 1 wounds." Penny Spikins, a paleolithic archaeologist at the University of York in the U.K. "They may have used things like splints when you've got broken limbs. We know they had some forms of painkillers 2."
医疗保健不仅仅是现代人类时代的福利。它可以追溯到很久以前。一直到尼安德特人。“我们想他们会清洗伤口，包扎伤口。”佩妮·斯皮金斯是英国约克大学旧石器时代的考古学家“当你的四肢骨折时，他们可能会用夹板之类的东西。”我们知道他们有一些止痛药。
And they most likely needed them. Because remains 3 of Neandertals show that most individuals seem to have suffered a serious injury at least once. The key detail being that those injuries didn't always kill them.
他们很可能需要它们。因为尼安德特人的遗骸显示，大多数人似乎至少受过一次严重的伤害。关键的细节是这些伤并不总是致命的。
Spikins and her team catalogued more than 30 cases of Neandertals who'd been injured but didn't die of their wounds, to investigate the pattern of health care in premodern humans. And they concluded that health care may have been key to their colonizing 4 extreme environments, and pursuing dangerous prey 5, like mammoths and woolly rhinos 6.
斯皮金斯和她的团队对30多名尼安德特人受伤但没有死于伤口的病例进行了分类，目的是调查前现代人的医疗保健模式。他们得出的结论是，医疗保健可能是它们在极端环境中殖民的关键，也可能是它们追逐危险猎物的关键，比如猛犸象和长毛犀牛。
"Health care wasn't just something cultural for Neandertals. It also performed an ecological 7 function. It allowed them to punch above their weight as a predator 8."Their conclusions are in the journal Quaternary Science Reviews. [Penny Spikins et al., Living to fight another day: The ecological and evolutionary 9 significance of Neanderthal healthcare]
“医疗保健不仅仅是穴居人的文化问题。它还具有生态功能。这让它们能够以超过自身体重的重量作为捕食者。他们的结论发表在《第四纪科学评论》杂志上。
And the results are one more reminder 10 that Neandertals shared many of the qualities we think of as human. Except, of course, that they never made it out of the Pleistocene.
研究结果再次提醒我们，尼安德特人具有我们所认为的人类的许多特质。当然，除了他们从未从更新世中分离出来。
- Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
- The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。
- The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain. 医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。 来自辞典例句
- The primary painkillers - opiates, like OxyContin - are widely feared, misunderstood and underused. 人们对主要的镇痛药——如鸦片剂奥施康定——存在广泛的恐惧、误解，因此没有充分利用。 来自时文部分
- He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
- The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
- The art of colonizing is no exception to the rule. 殖民的芸术是� 有特例的。 来自互联网
- A Lesson for Other Colonizing Nations. 其它殖民国家学习的教训。 来自互联网
- Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
- The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。
- There are many reports of people taming and even training Indian rhinos. 有许多关于人们驯养甚至训练印度犀牛的记载。 来自辞典例句
- The rhinos had fed during the night in the rice fields of these villagers. 犀牛夜里在这些村民的庄稼地里也已吃饱了。 来自辞典例句
- The region has been declared an ecological disaster zone.这个地区已经宣布为生态灾难区。
- Each animal has its ecological niche.每种动物都有自己的生态位.
- The final part of this chapter was devoted to a brief summary of predator species.本章最后部分简要总结了食肉动物。
- Komodo dragon is the largest living lizard and a fearsome predator.科摩多龙是目前存在的最大蜥蜴，它是一种令人恐惧的捕食性动物。
- Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
- These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。