时间:2019-02-14 作者:英语课 分类:TED演讲科学篇


英语课

  And there are certain forms of the FOXO gene 1  我们发现活到90或者100岁人里


  that have found to be more frequently present  最常有的


  in people who live to be 90 or 100.  某种FOXO基因


  And that's the case all over the world,  这是遍布全球的例子


  as you can see from these stars.  正如大家看到的这些星星


  And each one of these stars represents a population  每一个星星代表一个人群


  where scientists have asked,  科学家曾问过


  "Okay, are there differences in the type of FOXO genes 2  “好吧,在这些活得非常久人群里


  among people who live a really long time?" and there are.  FOXO基因有什么不同吗?” 是的


  We don't know the details of how this works,  我们不知道这起作用的细节


  but we do know then  但我们知道


  that FOXO genes can impact  这FOXO基因能影响


  the lifespan of people.  人们的寿命


  And that means that, maybe if we tweak it a little bit,  这意味着或许如果我们调试一下基因


  we can increase the health and longevity 3 of people.  我们可以增加人们的寿命和保健功能


  So this is really exciting to me.  所以这对我而言很兴奋


  A FOXO is a protein that we found in these little, round worms  我们在这些小圆形线虫发现的FOXO是种蛋白质


  to affect lifespan,  它影响寿命


  and here it affects lifespan in people.  它也影响人们的寿命


  So we've been trying in our lab now  所以现在我们一直在我们实验室


  to develop drugs  研发药物


  that will activate 4 this FOXO cell  它会激活这种FOXO细胞


  using human cells now  现使用人类细胞


  in order to try and come up with drugs  为了试药


  that will delay aging and age-related diseases.  用药来延缓衰老和老龄引发的疾病


  And I'm really optimistic that this is going to work.  这会行得通,我对此非常乐观


  There are lots of different proteins that are known to affect aging.  延缓衰老所熟知的有许多不同蛋白质


  And for at least one of them, there is a drug.  至少它们中的之一就是药物


  There's one called TOR, which is another nutrient 5 sensor,  有种叫TOR,它是另一种营养传感器


  like the insulin pathway.  如同胰岛素传递


  And mutations that damage the TOR gene --  毁坏TOR基因的变异体


  just like the daf-2 mutations --  如同daf 2变异体--


  extend lifespan in worms  延长线虫


  and flies and mice.  苍蝇和老鼠的寿命


  But in this case, there's already a drug called rapamycin  但在这情况下,已经有种药叫纳巴霉素


  that binds 6 to the TOR protein  和TOR蛋白质联系在一起


  and inhibits 7 its activity.  抑制它的活性


  And you can take rapamycin and give it to a mouse --  你可以拿纳巴霉素,给老鼠试试--


  even when it's pretty old, like age 60 for a human,  甚至当它非常老,如同60岁的老人


  that old for a mouse --  那么老的一只老鼠--


  if you give the mouse rapamycin,  如果给老鼠纳巴霉素


  it will live longer.  它会活得久点


  Now I don't want you all to go out taking rapamycin.  现我不想让大家都去吃纳巴霉素


  It is a drug for people,  它是适应于人类的药


  but the reason is it suppresses the immune system.  但原因是它会抵制免疫系统


  So people take it to prevent organ transplants from being rejected.  所以人们吃了它会因排斥而不能器官移植


  So this may not be the perfect drug  所以这或许不是种完美的药物


  for staying young longer.  来永葆青春


  But still, here in the year 2011,  但这还是2011年


  there's a drug that you can give to mice at a pretty old age  就是这种药,你能把它给非常老的老鼠


  that will extend their lifespan,  它会延长它们的寿命


  which comes out of this science  这科学试验


  that's been done in all these different animals.  已经试用于所有这些不同动物身上


  So I'm really optimistic,  所以我非常乐观


  and I think it won't be too long, I hope,  我认为我希望,它会不久


  before this age-old dream begins to come true.  这个延缓衰老梦想早日实现


  Thank you.  谢谢 



n.遗传因子,基因
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
n.长命;长寿
  • Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
  • Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。
vt.使活动起来,使开始起作用
  • We must activate the youth to study.我们要激励青年去学习。
  • These push buttons can activate the elevator.这些按钮能启动电梯。
adj.营养的,滋养的;n.营养物,营养品
  • Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
  • The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。
v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 );装订;捆绑;(用长布条)缠绕
  • Frost binds the soil. 霜使土壤凝结。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Stones and cement binds strongly. 石头和水泥凝固得很牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》
阻止,抑制( inhibit的第三人称单数 ); 使拘束,使尴尬
  • A small manufacturing sector inhibits growth in the economy. 制造业规模太小有碍经济增长。
  • His bad English inhibits him from speaking freely. 他英语学得不好,这使他不能表达自如。
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