TED演讲:老年人更快乐(2)
时间:2019-02-14 作者:英语课 分类:TED演讲科学篇
英语课
Study after study 一个又一个的研究
is coming to the same conclusion. 证实了相同的结论
The CDC recently conducted a survey 疾病防治中心(CDC)最近进行了一次调查
where they asked respondents simply to tell them 他们简单地要求受试者来报告
whether they experienced significant psychological distress 在过去的一周里自己是否经历了
in the previous week. 重大的心理困扰
And fewer older people answered affirmatively to that question 老年人承认有这类问题的
than middle-aged 1 people, 比中年人少
and younger people as well. 也比年轻人少
And a recent Gallup poll 一项近期的盖洛普调查
asked participants 询问参与者
how much stress and worry and anger 有多少压力、焦虑和愤怒情绪
they had experienced the previous day. 他们在前一天体验过
And stress, worry, anger 压力、焦虑、愤怒
all decrease with age. 都随着年龄增长而减少
Now social scientists call this the paradox 3 of aging. 社会学家称这种现象为老龄化悖论
After all, aging is not a piece of cake. 老龄化可不是小事
So we've asked all sorts of questions 我们问了各种各样的问题
to see if we could undo 4 this finding. 试图推翻这个研究结论
We've asked whether it may be 我们提出这可能是因为
that the current generations of older people 现在正值老年的这一代人
are and always have been 一直以来都是
the greatest generations. 最伟大的一代人
That is that younger people today 而现在的年青一代
may not typically experience these improvements 可能不会在成长过程中
as they grow older. 经历同样的进步
We've asked, 我们也提出
well maybe older people are just trying to put a positive spin 也许老年人只是在发扬阿Q精神
on an otherwise depressing existence. 来应对令人沮丧的事实
But the more we've tried to disavow this finding, 然而我们越是想要颠覆这个结论
the more evidence we find 反而找到越多的证据
to support it. 来支持这个结论
Years ago, my colleagues and I embarked 5 on a study 很多年前,我和同事一起开始了一项研究
where we followed the same group of people over a 10-year period. 我们对同一组人进行跟踪调查长达十年
Originally the sample was aged 18 to 94. 这组人最开始的年龄从18岁到94岁不等
And we studied whether and how their emotional experiences changed 我们研究了他们的情绪体验
as they grew older. 是否随着岁月而改变
Our participants would carry electronic pagers 研究参与者随身携带电子纸张
for a week at a time, 每次持续一周时间
and we'd page them throughout the day and evenings at random 6 times. 我们在早晚的任意时间呼叫他们
And every time we paged them 每一次我们呼叫他们
we'd ask them to answer several questions -- 我们会问他们几个问题
On a one to seven scale, how happy are you right now? 用1到7的量表来衡量他们当时高兴的程度
How sad are you right now? 悲伤的程度
How frustrated 7 are you right now? -- 沮丧的程度
so that we could get a sense 这样我们就能
of the kinds of emotions and feelings they were having 监测到他们情绪和感觉上的
in their day-to-day lives. 日常状况
And using this intense study 通过这种
of individuals, 对个人的密集调查
we find that it's not one particular generation 我们发现并没有任何一代人
that's doing better than the others, 比其他人更好
but the same individuals over time 但是同一个人随着年岁增长
come to report relatively 8 greater 开始报告
positive experience. 相对更积极的体验
Now you see this slight downturn 现在你看到在非常高的年龄
at very advanced ages. 这里有些许下降
And there is a slight downturn. 这里的确有一些下降
But at no point does it return 但是绝没有回复到
to the levels we see 他们
in early adulthood 9. 早期成年期的水平
Now it's really too simplistic 当然,光说
to say that older people are "happy." 老年人更“快乐”,那太过草率
In our study, they are more positive, 在我们的研究里,他们更积极
but they're also more likely than younger people 但他们也比年轻人
to experience mixed emotions -- 更能体会到复杂的情感
sadness at the same time you experience happiness; 悲喜交加
you know, that tear in the eye 你们知道
when you're smiling at a friend. 就是冲着朋友微笑的同时眼含泪花
And other research has shown 有其他研究显示
that older people seem to engage with sadness 老年人能够
more comfortably. 更从容地应对悲伤
They're more accepting of sadness than younger people are. 他们比年轻人更能接受悲伤情绪
And we suspect that this may help to explain 我们怀疑这能帮助解释
why older people are better than younger people 为什么老年人比年轻人
at solving hotly-charged emotional conflicts and debates. 更擅长处理激烈的情绪冲突和争论
Older people can view injustice 老年人看待不公
with compassion, 能够带着怜悯
but not despair. 而不是绝望
And all things being equal, 在同等条件下
older people direct their cognitive 10 resources, 老年人会将自己的认知资源
like attention and memory, 比如注意力和记忆力
to positive information more than negative. 更多地导向积极信息,而不是消极信息
If we show older, middle-aged, younger people images, 我们向老年组、中年组和青年组展示图像
like the ones you see on the screen, 正如你们在屏幕上看到的
and we later ask them 过后我们让他们
to recall all the images that they can, 回忆他们看到的图像
older people, but not younger people, 老年组,而非青年组
remember more positive images 记得的积极图像
than negative images. 多过消极图像
We've asked older and younger people 我们让老年组和青年组
to view faces in laboratory studies, 去看实验室研究所用的脸部表情
some frowning, some smiling. 一些皱眉、一些微笑
Older people look toward the smiling faces 老年组看向微笑的脸
and away from the frowning, angry faces. 而回避皱眉的、愤怒的脸
In day-to-day life, 在日常生活中
this translates into greater enjoyment 这转换成更大的乐趣
and satisfaction. 以及满足
adj.中年的
- I noticed two middle-aged passengers.我注意到两个中年乘客。
- The new skin balm was welcome by middle-aged women.这种新护肤香膏受到了中年妇女的欢迎。
adj.年老的,陈年的
- He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了,也老点了。
- He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老,然而记忆力还好。
n.似乎矛盾却正确的说法;自相矛盾的人(物)
- The story contains many levels of paradox.这个故事存在多重悖论。
- The paradox is that Japan does need serious education reform.矛盾的地方是日本确实需要教育改革。
vt.解开,松开;取消,撤销
- His pride will undo him some day.他的傲慢总有一天会毁了他。
- I managed secretly to undo a corner of the parcel.我悄悄地设法解开了包裹的一角。
乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 ); 装载; 从事
- We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked. 我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。
- She embarked on a discourse about the town's origins. 她开始讲本市的起源。
adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
- The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
- On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
adj.挫败的,失意的,泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 );挫败;使受挫折;令人沮丧
- It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
- The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adv.比较...地,相对地
- The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
- The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
n.成年,成人期
- Some infantile actions survive into adulthood.某些婴儿期的行为一直保持到成年期。
- Few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulthood.如今很少有人能将友谊维持到成年。
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