TED演讲:让现代社会中的老人生活的更好(3)
时间:2019-02-14 作者:英语课 分类:TED演讲科学篇
英语课
There are several reasons for this low status 美国的老人地位如此低
of the elderly in the U.S. 有几个原因。
One is our Protestant work ethic 一是我们新教的工作伦理
which places high value on work, 这个伦理给予“工作”很大的价值,
so older people who are no longer working 所以不再能工作的老年人
aren't respected. 不被尊重。
Another reason is our American emphasis 另一个原因是我们美国人强调
on the virtues 1 of self-reliance and independence, 自主和独立的美德
so we instinctively 2 look down on older people 所以我们本能地看不起
who are no longer self-reliant and independent. 不再自力更生而独立的老年人。
Still a third reason is our American cult 3 of youth, 第三个原因是我们美国式的,对年轻的崇拜,
which shows up even in our advertisements. 甚至在我们的广告中就显示了这点。
Ads for Coca-Cola and beer always depict 可口可乐和啤酒的广告总是描绘
smiling young people, 微笑着的年轻人,
even though old as well as young people 即使老人象年轻人一样
buy and drink Coca-Cola and beer. 会去买可口可乐和啤酒。
Just think, what's the last time you saw 想一想,你最后一次看到
a Coke or beer ad depicting 4 smiling people 可乐或者啤酒的广告描绘微笑着的
85 years old? Never. 85 岁老人是什么时候?从来没有。
Instead, the only American ads 相反,唯一以白发老人
featuring white-haired old people 为主角的美国广告
are ads for retirement 5 homes and pension planning. 是眼泪院和养老计划的广告。
Well, what has changed in the status 今天老人的地位
of the elderly today 与他们在传统社会中的地位
compared to their status in traditional societies? 相比起来有什么变化?
There have been a few changes for the better 有一些好的变化
and more changes for the worse. 更多的方面变得更糟糕了。
Big changes for the better 好的变化中,大的方面
include the fact that today we enjoy 包括今天我们享受
much longer lives, 更长的生命这一事实,
much better health in our old age, 我们比过去的老年人更健康,
and much better recreational opportunities. 和有更好地娱乐的机会。
Another change for the better is that we now have 另一个更好的变化是,我们现在有
specialized 6 retirement facilities 专门的退休设施
and programs to take care of old people. 和政策来照顾老人们。
Changes for the worse begin with the cruel reality 更糟的变化开始于
that we now have 我们现在,比以往任何时候
more old people and fewer young people 都有更多的老人和更少的年轻人
than at any time in the past. 这一残酷现实。
That means that all those old people 这意味着,那些老人
are more of a burden on the few young people, 对这些较少的年轻来说是个负担,
and that each old person has less individual value. 并且每个老人的个体价值也就更少。
Another big change for the worse in the status of the elderly 另一个老年人地位恶化的大变化是
is the breaking of social ties with age, 随着年龄的增长,社会纽带的断裂,
because older people, their children, 因为老人,他们的孩子,
and their friends, 和他们的朋友,
all move and scatter 7 independently of each other 在他们的生命过程中多次搬家
many times during their lives. 并彼此独立地四散各处。
We Americans move on the average 我们美国人平均
every five years. 每五年就搬家一次。
Hence our older people are likely 因此我们的老人很有可能
to end up living distant from their children 最终生活在远离他们的孩子
and the friends of their youth. 和他们青年时期朋友的地方。
Yet another change for the worse in the status of the elderly 另一个老年人地位恶化的变化是
is formal retirement from the workforce, 从劳动力中正式退休,
carrying with it a loss of work friendships 同时失去在工作中建立的友谊
and a loss of the self-esteem associated with work. 以及从工作而来的自尊。
Perhaps the biggest change for the worse 或许,最大的(老人地位)恶化的改变是
is that our elderly are objectively 我们的老人都客观地
less useful than in traditional societies. 相比在传统社会中没那么有用了。
Widespread literacy means that they are no longer 文化普及意味着他们不再
useful as repositories of knowledge. 是有用的知识宝库。
When we want some information, 当我们想要某些信息时,
we look it up in a book or we Google it 我们从书里面查,或是上网搜索
instead of finding some old person to ask. 而不是询问老人。
The slow pace of technological 8 change 在传统社会中,
in traditional societies 技术变革的缓慢速度
means that what someone learns there as a child 意味着在孩童时代学习的东西
is still useful when that person is old, 在老年时仍然有用
but the rapid pace of technological change today 而今天技术的快速改变
means that what we learn as children 意味着我们在孩童时代学习的东西
is no longer useful 60 years later. 60 年后已经不再有用。
And conversely, we older people are not fluent 反过来,我们老人对于
in the technologies essential for surviving 现代社会中生存必需的技术
in modern society. 并不擅长。
For example, as a 15-year-old, 例如,做为一个15岁的孩子,
I was considered outstandingly good at multiplying numbers 别人觉得我非常擅长乘法
because I had memorized the multiplication 9 tables 因为我记得乘法表,
and I know how to use logarithms 知道如何使用对数,
and I'm quick at manipulating a slide rule. 并且可以快速地操作计算尺。
Today, though, those skills are utterly 10 useless 然而,今天,这些技能基本完全无用
because any idiot 因为任何一个白痴
can now multiply eight-digit numbers 也可以将八位数的数字
accurately 11 and instantly with a pocket calculator. 准确快速地用一个袖珍计算器相乘。
Conversely, I at age 75 相反地,我在75岁时
am incompetent 12 at skills 无法驾驭日常生活中
essential for everyday life. 所必须的技能。
美德( virtue的名词复数 ); 德行; 优点; 长处
- Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
- She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。
adv.本能地
- As he leaned towards her she instinctively recoiled. 他向她靠近,她本能地往后缩。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He knew instinctively where he would find her. 他本能地知道在哪儿能找到她。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.异教,邪教;时尚,狂热的崇拜
- Her books aren't bestsellers,but they have a certain cult following.她的书算不上畅销书,但有一定的崇拜者。
- The cult of sun worship is probably the most primitive one.太阳崇拜仪式或许是最为原始的一种。
描绘,描画( depict的现在分词 ); 描述
- a painting depicting the Virgin and Child 一幅描绘童贞马利亚和圣子耶稣的画
- The movie depicting the battles and bloodshed is bound to strike home. 这部描写战斗和流血牺牲的影片一定会取得预期效果。
n.退休,退职
- She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
- I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。
adj.专门的,专业化的
- There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
- These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。
vt.撒,驱散,散开;散布/播;vi.分散,消散
- You pile everything up and scatter things around.你把东西乱堆乱放。
- Small villages scatter at the foot of the mountain.村庄零零落落地散布在山脚下。
adj.技术的;工艺的
- A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
- Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
n.增加,增多,倍增;增殖,繁殖;乘法
- Our teacher used to drum our multiplication tables into us.我们老师过去老是让我们反覆背诵乘法表。
- The multiplication of numbers has made our club building too small.会员的增加使得我们的俱乐部拥挤不堪。
adv.完全地,绝对地
- Utterly devoted to the people,he gave his life in saving his patients.他忠于人民,把毕生精力用于挽救患者的生命。
- I was utterly ravished by the way she smiled.她的微笑使我完全陶醉了。
adv.准确地,精确地
- It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
- Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
adj.无能力的,不能胜任的
- He is utterly incompetent at his job.他完全不能胜任他的工作。
- He is incompetent at working with his hands.他动手能力不行。
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