时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式,可是其用法非常广泛,它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点,而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法,笔者在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则,并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。根据这些原则,相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。


  原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接,如果没有连词连接,则需要用非谓语动词
  例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn't understand it.
  A. Having been told B. Having told
  C. He had been told D. Though he had been told
  例2._________ many times, he still couldn't understand it.
  A. Having been told B. Having told
  C. He had been told D. Though he had told
  解析:例1中有连词but连接,表明前后都是句子,所以答案为C。
  例2中后面是一个句子,而且没有连词,所以前面不是句子,应该用非谓语动词,根据句意此处为被动,所以答案为A。
  原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词,及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式,无宾语时用-ed形式
  例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
  A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being 1 lost D. Losing
  解析:lose为及物动词,现在后面没有宾语,所以用-ed形式,答案为B。
  例4. __________, I really believe that I'd prefer not to make any change now.
  A. Considered all the possibilities 2
  B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration 3
  C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration
  D. Giving all the possibilities
  解析:把。。。考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration,现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities,所以用-ing形式,答案为B。
  原则三、being done 表示“正在被”,一般不作状语,只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前
  例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email 4 instead.
  A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
  解析:根据句意“我们没有打通电话,就给他们发了个邮件”,没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前,所以用having done,答案为D。
  例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally 5 considered _____ the World Wide Web 6, on which all the information is shared by all.
  A. to have founded B. having founded
  C. founding D. to found
  解析:根据句意,Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情,而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式,所以应该用to have done,答案为A。
  原则四、非谓语动词作定语时,表示将来用-to do,表正在进行用-ing,表示已经完成用-ed
  例7. The play_____ next month aims mainly 7 to reflect 8 the local culture.
  A.produced B.being produced
  C.to be produced D.having been produced
  解析:根据本题中的时间状语next month,可知the play将要于下月被创作出来,表将来应该用to do,所以答案为C。
  例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
  A. being blown down B. blown down
  C. blowing down D. to blow down
  解析:根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”,树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作,表已经完成用-ed形式,所以答案为B。
  原则五、介词后跟-ing形式,可以在-ing前加逻辑主语
  例9. The discovery 9 of new evidence 10 led to ______________.
  A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught
  C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught
  解析:本题led to中的to是介词,后面应该用-ing形式,the thief作-ing的逻辑主语,所以答案为D。
  例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.
  A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
  C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
  解析:本题the noise of中的of是介词,后面应该用-ing形式,desks作-ing的逻辑主语,所以答案为C。
  原则六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语,-ed形式则不可以
  例11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant 11 experience.
  A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch
  解析:本题中is为系动词,前面应该作主语,用-ing形式,所以答案为C。
  例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
  A. Examining 12 B. Examined 13
  C. Being examined D. Having been examined
  解析:本题中is为系动词,前面应该作主语,用-ing形式,所以答案为C。
  原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语
  例13Michael's new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
  A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared
  解析:“和。。。相比较”结构为be compared with,现在做句子的状语,所以只保留非谓语动词,把动词be去掉,答案为D。
  例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided 14 to ask his boss 15 for advice.
  A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
  解析:“面对”结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语,所以只保留非谓语动词,把动词be去掉,答案为C。
  原则八、非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致,和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式,构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构
  例15. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver 16 our letters unless we changed our dog.
  A. Being bitten 17 B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
  解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致,the postman应该是被咬,所以答案为B。
  例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth 18 of spring.
  A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
  解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系,所以答案为B。
  例17. While watching television, __________.
  A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings
  C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
  解析:根据“非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则,watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致,所以句子主语应为“we”,答案为C。
  例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.
  A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
  解析:本题没有连词,所以后面应用非谓语动词,the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。根据句意应是“被完成”,所以答案为B。
  原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种:目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语(表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式)。另外,某些形容词(表喜、怒、哀、乐)做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因
  例19._____, you need to give all you have and try your best.
  A. Being a winner B. To be a winner
  C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner
  解析:根据句意“要想成为获胜者,你要付出所有,尽最大努力”,此处表目的,所以答案为B。
  例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.
  A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
  解析:本句句意为“记者们匆匆赶到机场,却被告知明星们已经走了”,表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do,所以答案为B。
  例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.
  A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
  解析:本题句意为“玻璃门替换了木头门,自然光就进来了”,自然光进来时顺其自然的结果,所以用doing, 答案为B。
  例22.How glad I am ___________ you!
  A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen
  解析: 本题是I am glad to see you 的感叹句形式,to see you 是原因状语,答案为B。
  原则十、 非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not,有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done几种形式
  例23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
  A. Not realized B. Not to realize
  C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
  解析: 本题考查doing的否定形式not doing,答案为 C。
  例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.
  A. his being not allowed B. his not being allowed
  C. his not allowing D. having not been allowed
  解析:本题考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 为not being done的逻辑主语,所以答
  案为B。
  例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer.
  A. don't go B. to not go C. not going D. not to go
  解析:本题考查to do的否定形式not to do, 所以答案为D。

n.存在;生存;生命存在,生命,人, 本质;art.在,有,是
  • Can you explain to me the purpose of being?你能对我解释一下存在的目的吗?
  • What is the purpose of our being?我们生存的目的是什么?
n.可能性( possibility的名词复数 );可能的事;可选择的方法;可以利用和改善的余地
  • a finite number of possibilities 为数有限的可能
  • The possibilities were manifold. 有很多的可能性。
n.考虑,思考;要考虑的事;体谅,关心
  • John never showed any consideration for his mother's feeling.约翰从来都不体谅他母亲的感情。
  • We did an overall consideration of the matter at last.最后我们又对这个问题作了全盘考虑。
n.电子邮件(Electronic mail),透过电脑网路传送邮件的方式
  • You can send me an email.你可以给我发一份电子邮件。
  • It's Interesting to read your email.读你的电子邮件很有趣。
adv.一般地,通常;普遍地,广泛地
  • We generally go to the sea for our holidays.我们通常去海边度假。
  • Generally speaking,parents love their children.一般说来,父母爱他们的孩子。
n.网,蛛丝,蹼,织物,圈套,卷筒纸;vi.生蹼,形成网;vt.织蜘蛛网于,使落入圈套
  • The spider weaves a web.蜘蛛织网。
  • You mean the World Wide Web?你是说国际互联网?
adv.主要地,大抵,大概
  • The sea water is mainly composed of water and salt.海水主要由水和盐组成。
  • It is mainly because of my fault.这主要是由于我的过错。
vt.反射,反映;招致,归咎;思考,想到;vi.反射,映出;思考,考虑;指责,怀疑
  • I often reflect on my schooldays.我经常回忆起我上学的日子。
  • Does this letter reflect how you really think?这封信反映你的真实想法吗?
n.发现,发觉;被发现的事物;发明
  • I congratulate you on your great discovery.我祝贺你的伟大发现。
  • It is a discovery that made medical history.这是载入医学史册的重大发现。
n.明显,显著,明白,迹象,根据,[物]证据,证物
  • The first signs of spring are in evidence.春天的最初迹象已显然可见。
  • From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.从证据看,我敢断定你错了。
adj.使人不愉快的,使人厌恶的,煞风景的
  • A very unpleasant thing has happened.一件令人很不愉快的事发生了。
  • The kind advices are often unpleasant to the ear.好言常常不入耳。
v.仔细检查( examine的现在分词 );考试;审查
  • They are examining the wall of my house for cracks. 他们正在检查我家的墙壁,寻找裂缝。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She was at the table by the window, examining the camellia. 她在窗前的桌子旁审视着山茶花。 来自《简明英汉词典》
v.仔细检查( examine的过去式和过去分词 );考试;审查
  • The witness was cross-examined for over two hours. 那位证人被盘问了两个多小时。
  • These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10. 这些观点将在第10章作更为详细的探讨。
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
n.老板,上司;v.指挥,控制
  • When the boss gets mad, leave him alone.当老板生气时,不要理他。
  • I'm my own boss.我自己当自己的老板。
v.投递(信件,邮包等)
  • Please help me deliver this package.请帮我投递这个包裹。
  • Could you deliver it by tomorrow?明天之前能送吗?
v.咬,叮( bite的过去分词 );刺痛;有咬(或叮)的习性;(人)上当
  • She was bitten by the family dog. 她被家里的狗咬伤了。
  • He was bitten by an insect in the garden. 他在花园里被虫子咬了一口。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.温暖,温情,暖和,激动,生气
  • He answered with warmth.他热情地回答。
  • We felt the warmth of the sun.我们感受到太阳的温暖。
标签: 非谓语动词