TED演讲:为什么好的黑客可以塑造好的公民(1)

 　　I'm going to talk about hackers 3. And the image that comes to your mind when I say that word is probably not  今天我要谈的是有关黑客的话题。 当我说到“黑客”这个词的时候 你脑中所出现的画面可能不会是

　　of Benjamin Franklin, but I'm going to explain to you why it should be. The image that comes to your mind  本杰明富兰克林， 但我想要告诉你，为什么应该是富兰克林。 你脑中出现的画面
　　is probably more likely of a pasty kid sitting in a basement doing something mischievous 4, or of a shady criminal who is trying to steal your identity,  估计是一个面色苍白的年轻人 在地下室里做坏事 他可能要盗用你的身份，
　　or of an international rogue 5 with a political agenda. And mainstream 6 culture has kind of fed this idea  或者进行有政治意图的 跨国诈骗。 主流文化告诉我们
　　that hackers are people that we should be afraid of. But like most things in technology and the technology world,  黑客是我们应当害怕，并且远离的人群。 但是，在科技世界里的 大部分科技活动，
　　hacking 7 has equal power for good as it has for evil. For every hacker 2 that's trying to steal your identity there's one that's building a tool  黑客制造福祉，和破坏的能力是等同的。 有个在试图盗用你身份的黑客 同时就有一个黑客在创建
　　that will help you find your loved ones after a disaster or to monitor environmental quality after an oil spill.  可以帮助你在灾难后寻找亲人的工具， 或者在漏油事件后 监控环境质量的工具。
　　Hacking is really just any amateur innovation on an existing system, and it is a deeply democratic activity.  黑客行为真的只是一种对现有系统 的业余创新行为， 并且是一种影响深远的民主活动，
　　It's about critical thinking. It's about questioning existing ways of doing things. It's the idea that if you see a problem, you work to fix it,  它与批判性思维有关， 它也与挑战现有的处事方式有关。 主要的意义是，当你发现问题，
　　and not just complain about it. And in many ways, hacking is what built America. Betsy Ross was a hacker.  你不是仅仅在旁边抱怨，而是会找到方法去解决问题。 从某种程度上来说，黑客行为建立了美国， 贝琪罗斯是一个黑客。
　　The Underground Railroad was a brilliant hack 1. And from the Wright brothers to Steve Jobs, hacking has always been at the foundation  地铁的设计是一个绝妙的黑客发明。 从怀特兄弟到史蒂夫乔布斯， 黑客行为一直是美国
　　of American democracy. So if there's one thing I want to leave you here with today, it's that the next time you think about who a hacker is,  民主的基石。 所以今天，我想要告诉你们最重要的是， 下次当你们想黑客是什么样的时候，
　　you think not of this guy but of this guy, Benjamin Franklin, who was one of the greatest hackers of all time.  你不要想到这个家伙， 而是这位先生，本杰明富兰克林， 他是史上最伟大的黑客。
　　He was one of America's most prolific 8 inventors, though he famously never filed a patent, because he thought that all human knowledge  他是美国最多产的发明家之一， 尽管他不曾有一个专利， 因为他认为，人类的知识发明
　　should be freely available. He brought us bifocals and the lightning rod, and of course there was his collaboration 9  应免费共享。 他发明了双光眼镜和避雷针， 当然，他还协助建立了
　　on the invention of American democracy. And in Code For America, we really try to embody 10 the spirit of Ben Franklin.  美国民主制度。 我所在的机构“为美国编程” 就尝试去实践本杰明富兰克林的精神。
　　He was a tinkerer and a statesman whose conception of citizenship 11 was always predicated on action.  他是一位多面手和政治家， 他认为，作为公民 需要将公民的想法付诸行动。
　　He believed that government could be built by the people, and we call those people civic 12 hackers.  他认为政府可以 由人民建立， 我们称呼这些人为公民黑客。
　　So it's no wonder that the values that underly a healthy democracy, like collaboration and empowerment  所以不足为奇的是 支撑起健康的民主机制的价值基石， 像协作和赋予权力、
　　and participation 13 and enterprise, are the same values that underly the Internet. And so it's no surprise that many hackers  参与和创业精神， 和互联网的价值基石是同样的。 所以不令人意外的是，很多骇客
　　are turning their attention to the problem of government. But before I give you a few examples of what civic hacking looks like,  把注意力转向政府的问题。 但在我给你举几个例子 告诉你什么是公民黑客之前，
　　I want to make clear that you don't have to be a programmer to be a civic hacker. You just have to believe that you can bring a 我想要清楚地告诉你， 你不需要先成为一名程序员才能做公民黑客。 你只需要相信，你可以
　　21st-century tool set to bear on the problems that government faces. And we hear all the time from our community  用21世纪的现代工具来解决 政府面临着的问题。 我们时常发现，我们
　　of civic hackers at Code for America that they didn't understand how much nontechnical work actually went into civic hacking projects.  “为美国编程”社群的公民黑客 并不懂到底有多少非技术性工作 进入民间黑客项目。
　　So keep that in mind. All of you are potential civic hackers. So what does civic hacking look like?  因此，请记住， 你们都有可能成为公民黑客。 公民黑客是怎样的呢？
　　Our team last year in Honolulu, which in this case was three full-time 14 fellows who were doing a year of public service,  我们团队去年在檀香山， 这三位都是全职雇员， 他们正在担任为期一年的公职，
　　were asked by the city to rebuild the website. And it's a massive thing of tens of thousands of pages which just wasn't going to be possible in  工作是按市政府的要求重建网站。 它是成千上万页面的大规模工作， 这工作，在他们仅有的几个月时间内
　　the few months that they had. So instead, they decided 15 to build a parallel site that better conformed to how citizens actually  是不可能完成的。 所以，他们决定建立一个平行的网站 更好地符合公民实际上
　　want to interact with information on a city website. They're looking for answers to questions, and they want to take action when they're done,  想要从城市网站上，汲取信息的需求。 他们在寻找答案， 他们想要在网站做好的时候人们可以有实际的行动
　　which is really hard to do from a site that looks like this. So our team built Honolulu Answers,  从这样的一个网站 真的很难。 随后我们的团队搭建了“檀香山答案”，
　　which is a super-simple search interface 16 where you enter a search term or a question and get back plain language answers  它是一个超简单的搜索界面， 你只需要输入搜索词或一个问题， 就可以得到用平实语言写成的答案，
　　that drive a user towards action.  这驱使用户继续使用。