时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:TED演讲教育篇


英语课

   This comes from the work of the feminist 1 linguist 2 Julia Penelope.  这来自于著名的女权运动者和语言学家朱利亚佩内洛普。


  It starts with a very basic English sentence:  就是一个很简单的英语句子。
  "John beat Mary."  “约翰打了玛丽。”
  That's a good English sentence.  这是一个正常的英语句子。
  John is the subject. Beat is the verb.  约翰是主题。击败是动词
  Mary is the object. Good sentence.  玛丽是对象。好句子。
  Now we're going to move to the second sentence,  让我们继续第二个句子,
  which says the same thing in the passive voice.  基本就是同样的东西,但是是用被动式语气:
  "Mary was beaten by John."  “玛丽被约翰打。”
  And now a whole lot has happened in one sentence.  这句话里就发生了很大的一个变化。
  We've gone from "John beat Mary"  我们从“约翰打玛丽。”
  to "Mary was beaten by John."  换成“玛丽被约翰打。”
  We've shifted our focus in one sentence from John to Mary,  我们转移我们的注意力从约翰变成玛丽,
  and you can see John is very close to the end of the sentence,  还有你可以注意到约翰是位于句子的尾端。
  well, close to dropping off the map of our psychic 3 plain.  现在让我们把某些东西从我们的思想移走。
  The third sentence, John is dropped,  第三句,把约翰移走,
  and we have, "Mary was beaten,"  我们就会有,“玛丽被打”
  and now it's all about Mary.  现在就只有玛丽了。
  We're not even thinking about John. It's totally focused on Mary.  我们压根都没想到约翰。将我们的注意力完全集中在玛丽上。
  Over the past generation, the term we've used  在之前的年代,我们一直把“被打”这词
  synonymous with "beaten" is "battered 4,"  当作成"被虐待"。
  so we have "Mary was battered."  然后我们就有“玛丽被虐待。”
  And the final sentence in this sequence,  如此推测,最后的句子
  flowing from the others, is,  就会演变成为
  "Mary is a battered woman."  “玛丽是个被虐待的女人。”
  So now Mary's very identity -- Mary is a battered woman --  现在玛丽有个很明确的身份--玛丽是个被虐待的女人--
  is what was done to her by John in the first instance.  这是和第一句被约翰打是一样的。
  But we've demonstrated that John has long ago left the conversation.  但是我已经论证约翰很久以前已经离开句子了。
  Now, those of us who work in the domestic and sexual violence  现在,那些探讨于家庭与性别暴力的人
  field know that victim-blaming is pervasive 5 in this realm,  必须知道受害者是很容易责备的,
  which is to say, blaming the person to whom something was done  换句话说,就是责备受害者
  rather than the person who did it.  而不是加害人。
  And we say things like, why do these women go out with these men?  然后我们会问,“为什么这些女人会和这些男人约会?
  Why are they attracted to these men?  为什么她们会被这些男人吸引?
  Why do they keep going back? What was she wearing at that party?  为什么她们要回去?她会穿什么出席宴会?
  What a stupid thing to do. Why was she drinking  这是多么愚蠢的行为?为什么她要
  with that group of guys in that hotel room?  和一群男人在一间酒店房间喝酒?”
  This is victim blaming, and there are numerous reasons for it,  这是责备着受害者。这存在着很多个因素,
  but one of them is that our whole cognitive 6 structure  其中一个是因为我们的认知构造
  is set up to blame victims. This is all unconscious.  是设定于责备受害者。这全都是因为潜意识。
  Our whole cognitive structure is set up to ask questions  我们的认知构造是设定于询问
  about women and women's choices and what they're doing,  关于女人和女人的选择和她们在做什么,
  thinking, and wearing.  想什么,穿什么。
  And I'm not going to shout down people who ask questions  请搞清楚我不是在呼应人们不问
  about women, okay? It's a legitimate 7 thing to ask.  女人的问题。这问题是合理的。
  But's let's be clear: Asking questions about Mary  但是我们要搞清楚:询问玛丽的问题
  is not going to get us anywhere in terms of preventing violence.  不会防范任何暴力问题。
  We have to ask a different set of questions.  我们必须问几项问题。
  You can see where I'm going with this, right?  你可以明白我在如何应付这问题,对吗?
  The questions are not about Mary. They're about John.  问题不在于玛丽。这都是因为约翰。
  The questions include things like, why does John beat Mary?  问题包括,为什么约翰会打玛丽?
  Why is domestic violence still a big problem  为什么家庭暴力依然是严重的问题?
  in the United States and all over the world?  在美国和全世界?
  What's going on? Why do so many men abuse,  这世界怎么啦?为什么那么多男人施暴,
  physically 8, emotionally, verbally, and other ways,  于身体上,精神上,言语上,等等。
  the women and girls, and the men and boys,  女人和女生,男人和男生-
  that they claim to love? What's going on with men?  他们之间的爱呢?到底男人是怎么啦?
  Why do so many adult men sexually abuse little girls and little boys?  为什么那么多成年男人性侵小女孩和小男孩?
  Why is that a common problem in our society  为什么这是一个普通的问题?在我们的社会里
  and all over the world today?  和全世界?
  Why do we hear over and over again  为什么?为什么我们重复的听到
  about new scandals erupting in major institutions  新的丑闻发生在主要机构?
  like the Catholic Church or the Penn State football program  例如天主教教堂或者宾夕法尼亚州立大学的橄榄球节目?
  or the Boy Scouts 9 of America, on and on and on?  或者美国的男童军,还有等等?
  And then local communities all over the country  然后在全国的本地社区
  and all over the world, right? We hear about it all the time.  和全世界,对吗?我们时常听到这问题。
  The sexual abuse of children.  性虐待小孩子。
  What's going on with men? Why do so many men rape 10 women  男人到底怎么啦?为什么那么多男人强奸女人?
  in our society and around the world?  在我们的社会和全世界?
  Why do so many men rape other men?  为什么那么多男人强奸男人?
  What is going on with men?  男人到底怎么啦?
  And then what is the role of the various institutions  然后不同的机构的角色是什么?
  in our society that are helping 11 to produce abusive men  在我们的社会不断生产施虐者的男人,
  at pandemic rates?  而且在很高的机率?
  Because this isn't about individual perpetrators.  因为这不是肇事者个人的行为。
  That's a naive 12 way to understanding what is a much deeper  这是很单纯的了解一个很深入
  and more systematic 13 social problem.  和很有系统化的社会问题。

adj.主张男女平等的,女权主义的
  • She followed the feminist movement.她支持女权运动。
  • From then on,feminist studies on literature boomed.从那时起,男女平等受教育的现象开始迅速兴起。
n.语言学家;精通数种外国语言者
  • I used to be a linguist till I become a writer.过去我是个语言学家,后来成了作家。
  • Professor Cui has a high reputation as a linguist.崔教授作为语言学家名声很高。
n.对超自然力敏感的人;adj.有超自然力的
  • Some people are said to have psychic powers.据说有些人有通灵的能力。
  • She claims to be psychic and to be able to foretell the future.她自称有特异功能,能预知未来。
adj.磨损的;v.连续猛击;磨损
  • He drove up in a battered old car.他开着一辆又老又破的旧车。
  • The world was brutally battered but it survived.这个世界遭受了惨重的创伤,但它还是生存下来了。
adj.普遍的;遍布的,(到处)弥漫的;渗透性的
  • It is the most pervasive compound on earth.它是地球上最普遍的化合物。
  • The adverse health effects of car exhaust are pervasive and difficult to measure.汽车尾气对人类健康所构成的有害影响是普遍的,并且难以估算。
adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
  • As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
  • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
侦察员[机,舰]( scout的名词复数 ); 童子军; 搜索; 童子军成员
  • to join the Scouts 参加童子军
  • The scouts paired off and began to patrol the area. 巡逻人员两个一组,然后开始巡逻这个地区。
n.抢夺,掠夺,强奸;vt.掠夺,抢夺,强奸
  • The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
  • He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
adj.幼稚的,轻信的;天真的
  • It's naive of you to believe he'll do what he says.相信他会言行一致,你未免太单纯了。
  • Don't be naive.The matter is not so simple.你别傻乎乎的。事情没有那么简单。
adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的
  • The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
  • The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
标签: TED演讲
学英语单词
a function of
alsakharovite-zn
amphidetic ligament
Arnafjord
aveto r.
B.E.E.
ballad stanza
bat caves
behavior language
binary cycly
braking mechanism
breather-pipe
business establishment
calcium psilomelane
capitals of ethiopia
car hauler
carl erich correns
chthonian
concurrent input-output
courier-post
crawl pipe cutter
dairy breed
dame rebecca wests
data base engineering
debit schedule
decoloured
Deutzia aspera
dichotomists
diphthongoid
electric soldering appliance
enclose in
first stage
generic noun
genus Syngnathus
George Eliot
gunkhole
hears from
himalayensis
intuitings
iron strapping
island chains
Kambangan
Kolmer's test
kurten
lakeside
lost causes
marine meteorograph
mast timber
master source program
McLean-Maxwell disease
microdrone
Mlicrococcus pyogenes var.albus
mono-block cylinder
muscarinergic
navicula pantocsekiana
near beers
needle loop transfer
non-plastic soil
NUC-1
nut tap
p-skeleton of complex
Parknasilla
pavarottis
peroxidations
personal property tax
petroleum acids
philobiblon
plaintiff in error
program status
remediators
riccis
screw jacks
semigroup of quotients
slide-caliper
slitter edge
soluble neutron poison
spastic cerebral paralyses
sulcus of inferior petrosal sinus
suturae implanta
symmetric balance
talk back telephone
tartrate
terms of shopment
Tetradox
the basket maker
Theme-song
thermal friction
Thermomonospora
thiefly
thiocarbazide
Toyota Way
trioxide
tsaritzas
two-dimensional spectrum
under-swain
unreliable item
varand
viudas
waterdrainage
wn
you and me