语法精讲:不可忽视表示推测的“情态动词+have done”
时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
英语课
高三课本第十三单元the mystery of the Moonstone中有这样一句话:As the story develops,we discover some secrets about the people at the house that night,and the reasons why they might have stolen the diamond.
情态动词的使用是高中范围内英语学习的一个重点,也是高考中的一个重要考点。由于每一个情态动词都含有相应的说话者的语气,所以我们既要了解每个情态动词的基本用法,又要体会说话者的语气。由于情态动词本身具有一定的难度,所以“情态动词+havedone”的使用更显得模糊不清。本文总结表推测的“情态动词+have done”如下:
1.情态动词must+have done只用于肯定句中,表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行肯定的推测,意为"过去一定做过某事".
如:
1)It must have rained last night,for the road is all wet.
昨天晚上一定是下雨了,因为路还湿着.
2)You must have seen the film the Gold Rush.
你肯定看过电影《淘金热》.
2.情态动词can/could可用于否定句中,即can't have done/couldn't have done,表示对过去发生的事情或状态的肯定的推测,意为“过去不可能做过,肯定没做过",与musthavedone正好相反.
如:
1)He can't have taken it home.
他不可能把它带回家.
2)My sister met him at the theatre yesterday morning,so he couldn't have attended your lecture.
我姐姐昨天上午在电影院遇见了他,所以他肯定没参加你的演讲.
此外,can/could have done还可用于疑问句中表示对过去发生的事情或状态的不太有把握的推测,常表示“过去可能做过吗?”(注意:表推测的情态动词只有can/could常用于疑问句中)
如:
1)I can't find Tom anywhere in the office building.Where can he have gone?我在办公楼找不到汤姆,他可能去哪儿了呢?
2)Ican't remember when we went to Beijing but could it have beensometime last autumn?
我不记得我们什么时候去过北京,会不会是去年秋天的某个时候?
3.情态动词may/might+have done表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might语气稍弱一点儿,只能用于肯定句和否定句中,表示"过去可能做过某事或过去可能没做过某事".
如:
1)You might have read about it in the papers 1.
你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了.
2)They may not have known 2 it beforehand 3.
他们事先可能不知道这事儿.
小结:以上三种情况下的情态动词+have done都表示推测,请重点记每种形式可用的句式(即肯定句,否定句还是疑问句)以及推测的是肯定还是可能的语气.
情态动词+have done专练:
1.---Where____Margaret have put the empty bottles?
---She________them away.The ymus tb esomewhere.
A.can;can't have thrown B.must;must have thrown. C.must;needn't D.can;must throw
2.---_______he have been chosen as captain of the football team?
---Yes,he_________.
A.Can;must B.Must;must have C.Can;must have D.Must;must
3.---Hurry up,Michael!It's ten to three.
---Goodness me!The class_________.I'll be late again.
A.must begin B.should have begun C.may begin D.must have begun
答案及讲解:
1.答案为A.第一个句子是一个疑问句而且表示可能性的推测,所以只能用情态动词can或could,第二句的答语表示对过去的肯定的推测,所以用must have done.
2.答案为C.这道题的解题思路与第一题完全相同.但特别要注意在答语中进行省略时,要保留情态动词后面的have,以便于显示是对过去的推测.
3.答案为D.表示课肯定开始了,而且begin这个动作一定是过去发生的.
n.文件,纸币,论文
- I want to check with my secretary before I sign the papers.在签署这些文件前,我要与我的秘书商议。
- The lawyer read all the papers relating to the case.律师阅读了与该案有关的全部文件。
adj.大家知道的;知名的,已知的
- He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
- He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。
adj.事先,预先,提前地,超前地
- If I'd known this beforehand,I would not have gone back.早知如此,我就不回去了。
- They proposed to make arrangement beforehand.他们提议事先做好安排。
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