时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 1. 转译:


英语中常用介词来表达动作意义。汉译时,可将介词转译成动词。
(1)在作表语的介词短语中,介词常转译为动词,而连系动词则省略不译。如:
This machine is out of repair.
这台机器失修了。
(2)在作目的或原因状语的介词短语中,介词有时转译成动词。如:
The plane crushed out of control.
这架飞机失去控制而坠毁。
The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force.
通常用E这个字母表示电动势。
(3)在作条件、方式或方法状语的介词短语中,介词有时转译成动词。如:
But even the larger molecules 1 with several hundred atoms are too small to be seen with the best optical microscope.
但是,即使有几百个原子的分子也是太小了,用最好的光学显微镜也看不见它们。
(4)介词短语作补足语时,其中介词常转译成动词。如:
Heat sets these particles in random 2 motion.
热量使这些粒子作随机运动。
2. 增译:
增词不是无中生有,而是要根据上下文特别是与介词搭配的动词或形容词的含义加得恰当。有不少情况,句中与介词搭配的动词或形容词不出现,如照原文结构无法把意思表达清楚,甚至易于误解时,这就需要增词。
如:Thats all there is to it.
那就是与此有关的全部内容。(原句中 to=related to)
The engineer was taken ill with consumption. It was flour on the lungs, the doctor told him at the time.
这个工程师得了肺病、那是由于面粉对肺部的影响,当时医生这样对他说的。(on=effect)
因此,熟悉介词与动词或形容词的习惯搭配是增词并正确理解词义的一种重要手段。
3. 分译:
介词短语作定语时,往往是定语从句的一种简略形式。介词短语作状语时,有时是状语从句的简略形式。有些介词短语还是并列句的简略形式。因此汉译时,有的可以拆句分译。
(1)译成并列分句。
The porous 3 wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.多孔壁的作用就象一把筛子,它把不同质量的分子分开。
(2)译成让步分句。
With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best.
这个设计尽管有种种缺点,仍被认为最佳设计之一。
(3)译成真实或虚拟条件分句。
Mans warm blood makes it difficult for him to live long in the sea without some kind warmth.
人的血液是热的,如果得不到一定的热量,人就难以长期在海水中生活。
(4)译成原因分句。
We cannot see it clearly for the fog.
由于有雾,我们看不清它。
The machine is working none the worse for its long service.
这部机器并不因使用的时间长而性能变差了。
(5)译成目的分句。
This body of knowledge is customarily divided for convenience of study into the classifications:mechanics, heat, light, electricity and sound.。
为了便于研究起见,通常将这门学科分为力学、热学、光学、电学和声学。
4. 不译:
不译或省略翻译是在确切表达原文内容的前提下使译文简练,合乎汉语规范,决不是任意省略某些介词。
(1)表示时间或地点的英语介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都不译。如:
There are four seasons in a year. 
一年有四季。
Many water power stations have been built in the country.
我国已建成许多水电站。
(2)有些介词如for(为了),from(从……),to(对……),on(在……时)等,可以不译。如:
The barometer 4 is a good instrument for measuring air pressure.
气压计是测量气压的好仪器。
The air was removed from between the two pipes.
两根管子之间的空气已经抽出。
Answers to questions 2 and 3 may be obtained in the laboratory.
问题2和3的答案可以在实验室里得到。
Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling.
大多数物质热胀冷缩。
(3)表示与主语有关的某一方面、范围或内容的介词有时不译,可把介词的宾语译成汉语主语。如:
Something has gone wrong with the engine.
这台发动机出了毛病。
Gold is similar in color to brass 5
金子的颜色和黄铜相似。
It’s never occurred to me that bats are really guided by their ears.
我从未想到蝙蝠居然是靠耳朵引路的。
(4)不少of介词短语在句中作定语。其中of(……的)往往不译。如:
The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors.
电能变为机械能是通过电动机实现的。
(of短语和change在逻辑上有主谓关系,可译成立谓结构。)
Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below.
现将阴极射线的一些特性开列如下。
(第一个of短语和some在逻辑上有部分关系,Of不译出。)
5. 反译:
在不少情况下,有的介词短语如不从反面着笔,译文就不通,这时必须反译。如:
beyond, past,against等表示超过某限度的能力或反对……时,其短语有时用反译法。如:
It is post repair.
这东西无法修补了。
There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet.
有些论据不同意这行星上可能有生物。
Radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary optical telescopes.
射电望远镜已能探测普通光学望远镜达不到的宇宙空间。
(1)off, from等表示地点,距离时,有时有反译法。如:
The boat sank off the coast.
这只船在离海岸不远处沉没了。
but,except,besides等表示除去、除外时,有时用反译法。
Copper 6 is the best conductor but silver.
铜是仅次于银的最优导体。
The molecular 7 formula, C6H14, does not show anything except the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms.分子式C6H14只用来表示碳原子和氢原子的总数。
(2)from,in等介词短语作补足语时,有时用反译法。如:
An iron case will keep the Earths magnetic field away from the compass.
铁箱能使地球磁场影响不了指南针。
The signal was shown about the machine being order.
信号表明机器设有毛病。
“一个词脱离上下文是不能翻译的”(索伯列夫),没有上下文就没有词义。介词的翻译须根据上下文和词的搭配灵活处理,切忌作对号入座的机械翻译。

分子( molecule的名词复数 )
  • The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
  • The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
adj.可渗透的,多孔的
  • He added sand to the soil to make it more porous.他往土里掺沙子以提高渗水性能。
  • The shell has to be slightly porous to enable oxygen to pass in.外壳不得不有些细小的孔以便能使氧气通过。
n.气压表,睛雨表,反应指标
  • The barometer marked a continuing fall in atmospheric pressure.气压表表明气压在继续下降。
  • The arrow on the barometer was pointing to"stormy".气压计上的箭头指向“有暴风雨”。
n.黄铜;黄铜器,铜管乐器
  • Many of the workers play in the factory's brass band.许多工人都在工厂铜管乐队中演奏。
  • Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc.黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。
n.铜;铜币;铜器;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的
  • The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
  • Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。
adj.分子的;克分子的
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
  • For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时,分子的碰撞就停止了。
标签: 介词
学英语单词
98
acidity
aerosol food
afghanistani
alloy irons
antibiolumphin
ashpan blower valve
automatic assembly
avi cable
bakeout degassing clamp
birchleaf pear
body-curved disease
bodywood
bottom relief map
Bozeman's position
bridge cloth
bullock blocks
bushing electric
call accepted signal
chondriomere
Cirbanal
close set
color constants
comebackers
commodity wastage
correptions
courier bag
Cunaxa
departmentation by process or equipment
electronic fire-control equipment
element name
encoded fields
end of astronomical evening twilight
engine pod
ensampling
epss network
featurism
ferret distemper virus
fiber-map
full electronic switching
gallucci
general-purpose diagnostic program
geographical north
geospatial engineering
glowfly
haberse
hardware stage
hexagonal mirror
hot penetration construction
Hudsonian godwit
Immobilon
interstitial distance (mather 1936)
investigation on audience
Krasnaya Polyana
layer-wound solenoid
leather loader
limestone neutralization treatment
maximal tubular excretory capacity
melanedema
natural rate of unemployment
nerr
non-coplanar transfer
norvasc
nosedives
OMR (optical mark reader)
optically positive
over bridges
partner with
Pashtunwali
patung series
paving stone degeneration of retina
permanent magnet moving coil meter
pivoted bucket carrier
plantar spaces
plunged into
prince fumimaro konoyes
prodan
psychoanalytical theory
Pterocles
pyrophoric lead
raw material of woodcharcaol
roller chamfer
schwab
Scythians
sequentially-lobed radar
signal smoke
signe de peau d'orange
slugft
So it goes
sp vol
spin space
Stackelberg decision theory
swansea
tandem electrostatic generator
terry swatch
the leaflets of the trifoliolate leaves
topochemical control
variable acceptance sampling
viscosity model
Warenford
weighing-appliance
zeomorphis