零基础学英语：that & which词汇辨析
时间：2019-02-09 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语课
Do you sometimes wonder whether to use that or which in a sentence? In many cases, in British English, both words are equally correct.
你是不是经常想要弄明白that和which在句中有什么区别?在英式英语中的一些使用场景中，这两个词都是正确的。
?She held out the hand which was hurt.
?She held out the hand that was hurt.
她伸出那只受伤的手。
In these sentences, that and which are introducing what’s known as a restrictive relative clause. This is a clause containing essential information about the noun that comes before it. If you leave out this type of clause, the meaning of the sentence is affected 1 –indeed, it will probably not make much sense at all. Restrictive relative clauses can be introduced by that, which, whose, who, or whom.
在上面两个句子中，that和which用于连接限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句用于修饰主句中的某个名词性成分。如果去掉限定性定语从句，那么句子的含义将受到影响(如：句子将失去原有的意义)。限定性定语从句可由that，which，who，whom连接。
The other type of relative clause is known as a non-restrictive relative clause. This kind of clause contains extra information that could be left out of the sentence without affecting the meaning or structure. Non-restrictive clauses can be introduced by which, whose, who, or whom, but you should never use that to introduce them. For example:
另外一种定语从句是非限定性定语从句。非限定性定语从句包含附加的信息，去掉从句部分对主句的含义和结构不构成影响。非限定性定语从句的关系词可以为which，whose，who和whom。但不可以使用that来连接非限定性定语从句，例如：
A list of contents would have made it easier to steer 2 through the book, which also lacks a map.
一个目录列表使得概览这本书更容易，但这本书仍然缺少一个示意图。
She held out her hand, which Rob shook.
她伸出了手，这只手之前被罗伯摇动过。
Note that a non-restrictive clause is preceded by a comma (so as to set off the extra information), whereas no comma should precede a restrictive clause (indicating that the information is essential, not extra):
注意,非限定性定语从句之前有一个逗号(从而引出附加的信息),而限制性从句前没有逗号(说明从句信息是重要的,且不可以省略):
I bought a new dress, which I will be wearing to Jo's party. [non-restrictive]
我买了一条新裙子，我将穿着它参加乔的派对。[非限定性定语从句]
I was wearing the dress that I bought to wear to Jo's party. [restrictive]
我买了一条新裙子并将穿着它参加乔的派对。[限定性定语从句]
adj.不自然的，假装的
- She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
- His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
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