时间:2019-02-07 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   考点一 一般主谓结构考法


  1. 主谓结构可谓是句子的核心与灵魂,完整的句子不能缺少主谓结构,即主语+谓语。
  2. 填空题中大量涉及句子的主谓结构,这不仅适用于简单句,并列句和复合句也是同样的道理,无论是并列分句、主句还是从句都需要主语和谓语。
  解题的步骤: 要求首先确定句子的主谓结构,根据缺少的成分对选项进行排除和筛选
  例题:
  (1)
  Traditionally, ----in New England on Thanksgiving Day.
  (A) when served is sweet cider
  (B) when sweet cider is served
  (C) is served sweet cider
  (D) sweet cider is served
  答案:D
  解释:此句只给出时间和地点状语, 需填入完整的主语和谓语作为句子的主干, A B 只有when引导的从句没有主句; C 上来就是is, 没有主语; D 由名词词组sweet cider和serve的被动式构成主谓语, 使原句成为一个简单句
  (2)
  A historical novel may do more than mirror history; ----future events.
  (A) even influencing
  (B) it may even influence
  (C) may even influence
  (D) that it may even influence
  答案:B
  解释:分号可以连接两个语义并列的完整句子, 此句需填入一个主谓结构, 从而使分号后的句子完整. A不能作谓语, 且缺主语; C缺主语; D 构成从句, 无法与分号前的句子并列
  3. 主语多由名词充当,还可能是代词、动名词、不定式等
  如:He ran away.  (此句中代词he是主语,ran away是谓语)
  有的题目选项中无明显的主谓结构,往往需要考虑there be句式,严格的讲there be是倒装句,但由于它是固定句式,可视为主谓结构
  如:There are a lot of monkeys in the zoo
  考点二 谓语动词
  1. 主谓结构十分重要,谓语动词则是要点中的要点,国不可一日无君,句子不可缺少谓语动词。象祈使句可以没有主语,但却少不了谓语动词。
  2. 一个句子当中可能出现多个动词形式,却未必而且往往不都是谓语动词,必须掌握确定谓语动词的方法,才能从容解题。
  一般说来能够决定句子的时态、语态、语气的词就是谓语动词,如:studies, was known, is reading, has achieved, must be, can make等形式的动词肯定是谓语;单独的分词、不定式都属于非谓语形式,如:broken, ringing, to look after
  例句: Having thought for a while, she decided 1 to forgive the man caught stealing her diamond.
  此句中有四个动词结构,但只有decided是谓语形式,其他分别为分词作状语(having thought)、不定式作宾语(to forgive)、分词作定语(caught stealing)
  3. 谓语专一原则
  (1) 简单句中只允许存在一个谓语动词,其余动词必须是非谓语形式,如上面的例句。
  英文中切忌:两个谓语形式的动词直接连接(尤其是be动词不能和实意动词连用,is do是绝不可能出现的),或以逗号连接
  (2) 确实需要多个谓语时需用连词, 或主从句形式加以连接(分号也可)
  如: She looked and smiled.
  He will give you some advice; he may even help you do it.
  (3) 值得注意的是并列句中的每个分句及主从句中的每个简单句仍需遵循谓语专一原则。
  牢记这一原则才可准确地排除干扰选项,找出句中的致命错误
  例题:
  The edible 2 tube mushroom ----a cushionlike, moist cap that is light brown or darkish red.
  (A) which has
  (B) to have
  (C) having
  (D) has
  答案:D
  解释:此句已给出主语和由定语从句修饰的宾语,缺少谓语动词,只有D可单独作谓语
  考点三 表语
  系动词be作谓语时,与之搭配的部分被称作表语,表语多由形容词、名词担当,也可是介宾短语、不定式、分词或动名词等
  如:He is a doctor.
  It's fantastic.
  She was in hospital.
  以上句子中a doctor, fantastic, in hospital就是表语
  例题:
  (1)
  Quasars----emitting extremely intense radio waves and visible radiation.
  (A) starlike objects are
  (B) starlike, they are objects
  (C) are starlike objects
  (D) are they starlike objects
  答案:C
  解释:此句缺少谓语,C由系表结构组成,原句中的分词短语恰好作表语的定语。A B 与原句主语冲突,也不符合同位语的要求;D中they和starlike objects重复
  (2)
  Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is ----in various forms.
  (A) abundant
  (B) the abundance
  (C) an abundant
  (D) it abundant
  答案:A
  解释:空格处需要is的表语,B不可数名词abundance之前不应加the;C少名词;D多代词it; A形容词,恰好作表语

adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
n.食品,食物;adj.可食用的
  • Edible wild herbs kept us from dying of starvation.我们靠着野菜才没被饿死。
  • This kind of mushroom is edible,but that kind is not.这种蘑菇吃得,那种吃不得。
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