托福语法讲解： 动名词
时间：2019-02-07 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语课
动名词是动词的特殊形式，拼写类似现在分词，用法类似名词，具有与二者均不同的特点：动名词可作动词或介词宾语（分词不行）之后可以再接宾语（名词不行），它兼备了动词和名词的功能，故称作动名词
考点一 动名词作宾语
1． 许多动词不能接不定式作宾语，同时又需要动宾结构作宾语，此时动名词便可大显身手了，如：enjoy singing（喜欢唱歌）,
avoid looking me in the eye
miss crashing into the tree
Fancy meeting you here! (想不到在这里见到你了)
常接动名词doing做宾语的动词有：
enjoy, mind, delay, avoid, consider, deny, miss, escape, fancy, suggest, insist等
另外, 在一些固定用法当中, 也需要用动名词做宾语, 如:
can't help doing, it's no use doing, it's worth doing, be busy doing, feel like doing等.
2. 有的动词既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式，两者意思区别不大, 如: like, begin, start, love, learn等,
如: She began playing piano when she was five.
She began to play piano when she was five.
但是对于remember, forget, try等动词来说，接不定式和接动名词意义不同, 如:
How many people remember listening to the radio broadcast, "The War of the Worlds"
(还有多少人记得听过无线广播-- The War of the Worlds) (表示已经听过了)
I remember to listen to the radio broadcast, "The War of the Worlds"
(我想起来要听广播-- The War of the Worlds) (表示还没有听过)
We must try to work this problem out. (我们必须尽力把这道题做出来)（表示努力，设法）
We can try doing it. (我们可以试着做它) （表示尝试）
动名词作介词宾语的情况更加普遍，详见第四章介词-介宾短语
考点二 动名词作主语、定语或表语
和名词相仿，动名词可作句子的主语、表语或名词的定语
如：Meeting you is my pleasure.
His job is driving a bus.
The opening ceremony will begin in five minutes.
在简单句中, 只能有一个主语和一个谓语, 考试时经常会出现在一个简单句中主语部分不全或干脆没有主语部分, 需要考生将句子补全, 这时要注意的是主语部分只能是名词短语, 动名词短语或不定式短语, 而不能是动词短语或句子, 如:
例题：
(1)
---- by transferring the blame to others is often called scapegoating 1.
(A) Eliminate problems
(B) The eliminated problems
(C) Eliminating problems
(D) Problems are eliminated
答案：C
解释：此句只是主语部分不完整，可排除A,D; B与句意不符，只有C动名词词组合适，与scapegoating相呼应。注意by后面的短语表示一种方式、手段，而不是被动式的施动者
(2)
---- raw materials into useful products is called manufacturing.
(A)Transform
(B) Transforming
(C) Being transformed
(D) When transforming
答案：B
解释：此句is之前是句子的主语，之后是谓语，空格处需要一个能接宾语raw materials的名词性结构，这正是动名词所具备的特点，因此答案非B莫属
注意：有时需要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词，表示动名词的逻辑主语
如： Would you mind my turning off the radio?
I'm rather disappointed at Helen's putting on airs at the party.
She remembered Tom owing her ten dollars.
此语法点题目中较少涉及，但有助于读懂题干
v.使成为替罪羊( scapegoat的现在分词 )
- Washington's scapegoating of China could take the world to the brink of a very slippery slope. 华盛顿方面找中国作替罪羊，可能会把世界推向灾难性下滑的边缘。 来自互联网