2006职称英语考试模全真拟试题理工类B级（二）

2006职称英语考试模全真拟试题理工类B级（二）
 
第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1．We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly.
A) decrease B)cease
C) continue D)keep

2.The Klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known.
A) location B)view
C) event D)landscape

3. She has been the subject of massive media coverage 1.
A) extensive B) negative
C) expensive D)active

4.The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.
A) rejected B) investigated
C)proposed D)postponed

5. The sea was calm and still.
A) quite B)quiet
C) yet D)rough

6. In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.
A) confuses B)excites
C) scares D)satisfies

7. The committee comprises five persons.
A) absorbs B)concerns
A) excludes D)involves

8. All the people assembled at Mary's house.
A) collected B)fixed
C) asserted D)assist

9. We derive 2 knowledge mainly from books
A)deprive B) obtain
C) descend 3 D)trace

10.We all consider him a man of dynamic personalities 4.
A)dangerous B) doubtful
C)active D)easy

11． We should never content ourselves with a little book knowledge only.
A) convince B)satisfy C) comfort D) benefit

12． We should contemplated 5 the problem from all sides
A) deliberated B)thought C) described D) designed

13． His health had deteriorated 6 while he was in prison.
A) became better B)became worse C) became stronger D) became weaker

14． I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
A) intended to B)tended to C) extended to D) pretended to

15． As a matter of fact， I love soft music more than popular music.
A) basically B)probably C) actually D) accurately 7

第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

El Nino （厄尔尼诺现象）

While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance，the Columbia University researchers say their method call predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance．That would be good news for governments，farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures．The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature．
The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C．Weare．a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis，who was not involved in the work，said it“suggests‘E1 Nino is indeed predictable．”
“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods．”said Weare．He added that the new method“makes it possible to predict El Nino at 1ong lead times．” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data，which is only available for recent decades，Weare said．
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importance’．The 1997 El Nino，for example，caused an estimated$20 billion in damage worldwide，offset 8 by beneficial effects in other areas，said David Anderson，of the European Centre for Medium．Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England．The 1877 El Nino，meanwhile，coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon 9 and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China。prompting the development of seasonal 10 forecasting，Anderson said．
When El Nino hit in 199 1 and 1997．200 million people were affected 11 by flooding in China alone．according to a 2002 United Nations report．
While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains 12 tricky 13．the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed．
E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February．The warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven years·
The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible．

E1 Nino n．厄尔尼诺现象
Equatorial adj．赤道的
Occurrence n．发生
Meteorologist n．气象学家
Offset v．抵销
Lead adj．提前的
Monsoon n．季风
Tricky adj．难以捉摸的

练习：
1．The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea—surface temperatures．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrences．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

4. Weare’s contribution in predicting E1 Nino，was highly praised by other meteorologists．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

5. According to a Chinese report，the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1 99 1 and 1 997 affected 200 million Chinese people．
A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak．
A．right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

7. A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Soot 15 and Snow：a Hot Combination

l New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions 17 of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow．According to a computer simulation，black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century．
2 Soot in the higher latitudes 19 of the Earth。where ice is more common，absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy, white background．Dark-colored black carbon，or soot，absorbs sunlight，while lighter 20 colored ice reflects sunlight．
3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change．Als0，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting。the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface．“This provides a positive feedback，as glaciers 22 and ice sheet smelt,they tend to get even dirtier,” said Dr．James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies，NewYork．
4 Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space)，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrost．Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land．
5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon~，”Hansen said．Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbon．dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted 23．
6 Hansen cautioned．although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century．
7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes．These observations were consistent with the researchers’ climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight．

词汇：
soot n．煤烟，煤灰
emission 16 n．释放，散发，排放
simulation v．模拟
latitude 18 n．纬度
glacier 21 n．冰川，冰河
albedo n．反照率
permafrost n．永冻层
forcing n．温室作用
dioxide n．二氧化物
magnitude n．量，大小

练习：
1．Paragraph 3____________
2．Paragraph 4____________
3．Paragraph 6____________
4．Paragraph 7____________

5．In the twentieth century，soot____________
6．Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases____________
7. Black soot covered snow and ice____________
8．A soot forcing is unusually effective，which____________

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第1篇
Common-cold Sense
You can’t beat it，but you don’t have to join it．‘Maybe it got the name “common cold” because it’s more common in winter．The fact is，though，being cold doesn’t have anything to do with getting one 3．Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses，and，at least SO far，medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one．
Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults，because they have more colds than adults — an average of about eight per year．Why do kids seem SO much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple．They haven’t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses．
There are more than 1 50 different cold viruses，and you never have the same one twice．Being
infected by one makes you immune to it — but only it．
Colds are usually spread by direct contact，not sneezing or coughing．From another person’s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route。．The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy，although the viruses Can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces．
Hygiene 24 is your best defense 25．Wash your hands frequently．preferably with a disinfectant soap，especially when children in your household have colds．
But even careful hygiene won’t ward 14 off。every cold．So，what works when a coughing，sneezing，runny nose strikes?
The old prescription 26 of two aspirins，lots of water，and bed rest is a good place to start．But you’11 also find some of the folk remedies…worth Wing．Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey)，lemon，and water have real benefits．

词汇：
rhinovirus n．鼻病毒
virus n．病毒
immune adj．免疫的，有免疫力的
preferably adv．更可取地，更好地
disinfectant n．消毒剂，杀菌剂
prescription n．(1)诀窍(2)处方，药方
infect vt．传染，侵染，感染
sneeze vi．打喷嚏
remedy n．治疗，治疗法，药品
thumbnail n．拇指甲

1.Accordingtothe essay，you may have a cold because
A)the weather is too cold．
B)the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected．
C)another person’s coughing passes the cold to you
D)you wash your hands too often．
2.The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is
A)to keep yourself clean．
B)to use a disinfectant soap．
C)to take two aspirins every day．
D)to drink lots of water．
3.Children have more colds because
A)they are usually infected about eight times each year．
B)they are not immune to many cold viruses yet．
C)they never wash their hands So that their thumbnails are dirty．
D)they don’t 1ike eating lemon．
4．When you are having a cold,
A)it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time．
B)it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time．
C)it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time．
D)it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time．
5．When one is having a cold, he may often have a11 the following symptoms EXCEPT
A)coughing．
B)having a sore throat．
C)having a runny nose．
D)having a stomachache．

第2篇
Urban Rainforest
On the west side of the island of Manhattan in New Y0rk City，tree by tree，leaf by leaf, a 2,500 square foot sector 27 of the Central African Republic’s Dzanga Ndoki Rainforest has been transported to，or recreated at，the American Museum of Natural History’s new hall of biodiversity．When the hall opens this May, visitors will visit one of the world’s biggest and most accurate reproduction of one of nature’s most threatened creations．
To bring the rainforest to New Y0rk．a team of nearly two dozen scientists—the largest collecting expedition the museum has ever organised for an exhibit — spent five weeks in the African rainforest collecting soil，plants，and leaves；recording 28 and documenting species；studying trees；shooting videotape and still photos；and interviewing local people．“This area has been explored very little,” says Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum will eventually collect 150 to 180 mammals，more than 300 species of birds，hundreds of butterflies，and hundreds of thousands，if not 111illions，of organisms．The exhibition may even have produced a special prize - scientists suspect they have uncovered several new species．
To give the forest a sense of realness，the back wall of the exhibit is an enormous videoscreen，sounds will come out from hidden speakers．and plans even call for forest smells．Computer controls will vary the effects so that no two walkthroughs will ever be exactly the same．
After the team returned to New York．the forest was reproduced with the help of the computer Computer modelling programmes plotted distances and special relationships．Artists studied photos and brought what they saw to 1ife．Plaster trees were made．Recreated animals began to stand in the rainforest of the hall．Flying creatures will hang from the ceiling．The 1ight in the forest—one of the exhibit’s cleverest re-creations—will seem real．Long tube 1ights will have the correct colour and temperature to produce a natural effect．The plants and animals exhibited throughout the hall exist naturally in a perfect balance—remove one．and the whole is imperfect if not endangered．The exhibit is proof to the hope that the world’s rainforests will never exist solely 29 as a carefully preserved artifact．

词汇：
biodiversity n．生物多样性
document v．纪实性地描述
mammal n．哺乳类动物
organism n．微生物
exhibit n．展品
walkthrough n．开拍前的排练，预排
plot v．为……设定
plaster n．熟石膏
artifact n．人工制品

1． What is this passage mainly about?
A) The history of the American Museum of Natural History．
B)The reproduction of the rainforest at a New York museum．
C)Visitors’ interest in the rainforest reproduction at a New York museum
D)Saving rainforests in the Central African Republic．
2．How did the museum collect the data in the Central African Republic?
A)It sent a large team of scientists there．
B)It cooperated with many African scientists．
C)It recruited local people to collect mammals，etc．．
D)It sent cameramen to shoot videotapes．
3．To give the forest a sense of realness．all the following are used EXCEPT that
A)hidden loudspeakers are used to produce forest sound．
B)a huge videoscreen is put up on the back wall．
C)special equipment is employed to produce forest smells．
D)the forest is surrounded by front and back walls．
4．What is the main theme of the last paragraph?
A)The layout of the rainforest exhibition．
B)The balance between animals and plants．
C)The clever design of lighting 30．
D)Preservation of the rainforest exhibition as an artifact
5．What does the last sentence of the passage most probably mean?
A)The rainforest in the Central African Republic will be preserved forever．
B)The well-designed exhibit will be preserved as an artifact．
C)The exhibit reflects the hope that natural rainforests will be well preserved
D)The exhibit of the rainforest in the museum is the sole one in the world．

第3篇
Credit Card Only Works When Spoken to
A credit card that will not work unless it hears its owner’s voice could become an important Weapon in the fight against fraud．
The card requires users to give a spoken password that it recognizes using a built-in voice—recognition chip．The idea is to prevent thieves using a stolen card or fraudsters using someone else’s credit card details to buy goods online。．
A prototype built by engineers at Beepcard in Santa Monica，California，represents the first attempt to pack a microphone，a loud speaker, a battery and a voice-recognition chip into a standard．sized credit card．
They are not quite there yet：the card is the length and width of an ordinary credit card，but it is still about three times as thick．Alan Sege，Beepcard’s CEO，says the company now plans to use smaller chips to slim it down to normal thickness．
The voice card is based Oil an earlier Beepcard technology designed to prevent fraud in online transactions．This earlier card has no microphone．but has a built．in loudspeaker that it uses to “squawk” an acoustic 31 ID signal via a computer’s microphone to an online server.
By verifying that the signal matches the card details，the server can establish that the user is not simply keying in…a credit card number but actually has the card to hand．The ID code changes each time the card is used in a pre-ordered sequence that only the server knows．
This prevents fraudsters recording the beeps．noting the card details and then playing back the audible ID when they key in the details later．But this earlier technology cannot prevent fraudulent use of stolen cards．The new one can．
The new voice card also identifies itself by-its ID squawk、but it will not do this until it has verified the legitimate 32 user’s spoken password．Thieves will be unable to use the card because even if they knew the password they would have to be able to copy the owner’s voice with a high degree of accuracy．
The challenge for Beepcard has been to develop voice—recognition and audio circuitry that can be powered by a mini battery embedded 33 in a credit card．To maximize battery life,the electronics are only switched on when the card is being used．Pressing a button on the card’s surface prompts it to utter “Say your password” in female voice．If the voice-recognition software proves that the password is authentic 34, it sends its ID squawk which the server then identifies，allowing the transaction to proceed．
词汇：
fraudster／n．骗子
beep／n．(电子装置发出的)嘟嘟声
online／adj．＆adv．联机的(地)，在线的(地)；实时操作的(地)
legitimate／adj．合法的
fraudulent／adj．欺骗性的：骗得的
prototype／n．原型；样品
circuitry／n．电路系统
squawk／v．粗声叫出
embed／v．埋置，嵌入，插入
acoustic／adj．声的；用声波操作的
utter／v．发出(声音)，说出
verify／v．证实，核实

1．How Call the credit card recognize the spoken password given by the user?
A)By using a voice-recognition chip embedded in the card．
B)By using a voice-recognition device built in the server．
C)By fixing a microphone in the card．
D)By fixing a loudspeaker in the card．
2.Are the engineers at Beepcard satisfied with the model they have built? Why or why not?
A)Yes，because the model they have built is a standardized 35 credit card．
B)No，because the model they have built is too heavy．
C)No，because the model they have built is too thick．
D)Yes，because the model they have built is used worldwide．
3．What is the main difference between the earlier model and the new voice card?
A)The new one can identify itself by its ID squawk．
B)The new one Can produce beeps．
C)The new one needs the user to key in ID details．
D)The new one works only when it hears the password spoken by the user．
4．What is the advantage of the voice card?
A)It is safer because it requires more ID information．
B)It is safer because the voice-recognition chip is built in．
C)It．is safer because no one but the user can use the card．
D)It is safer because it can hardly be cheated by fraudsters．
5.According to the last paragraph，what is NOT involved in the process of using the voice card?
A)Switching on the electronics to maximize the battery life．
B)Pressing the “Say your password” button on the card’s surface．
C)The password is verified．
D)The ID squawk is sent to the server for it to identify．

第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。

Agitated 36 Sunspot Cause Trouble

If the lights in your house keep flickering 37, blame frequent sunspots.
A sunspot is actually charged particles flying at the speed of 3 million kilometers an hour out of the surface of the sun to form sun storms.
__1__.
The earth, which is directly energized 38 by the sun, is influenced by sun storms in a number of ways.
__2__. Wireless 39 short-wave communication, which depends on the wave's reflection against this layer of atmosphere, is likely to be jammed. It is said that mobile phone communication may be affected too.
__3__. According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots.
Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people, a paper published by a North Korea observatory 40 says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease. __4__.
Besides, the nervous system is also affected, and traffic accidents are more frequent when sunspots are active.
It is hard to say when the sunspots are most violent during their active year, but generally one active period is believed to last possibly eight days. Not long ago there were two violent sun storms breaking out, which seriously affected mobile phone communication, etc. in many parts of the world. __5__.

A. Ionosphere is high above the earth.
B. One is that the magnetic filed of the earth is much disturbed because of the sun's interference in the ionosphere which is 80 to 500 kilometers above the earth.
C. Scientists also say that the active movement of the charged sun storm also has effects on earthquakes
D. Every 11 years, the sun, as its energy accumulate inside up to a certain point, will send out streams of charged particles, which affect the earth in different ways
E． But the communication situation in each case returned to normal in about 24 hours.
F. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich in ultraviolet rays.

第六部分：完型填空 （每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Dark Forces Dominate Universe

The Earth，moon，sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universe．Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy, unknown _1_ that puzzle
astronomers 41．
Observations in recent years have changed the basic understanding of how the universe
evolved and have emphasized for astronomers how little is known _2_ the major forces and
substances that shaped our world．
Astronomers now know that luminous 42 matter-stars．planets and hot gas – _3_ only about 0.4 percent of the universe．Non．1uminous components 43．such as black holes and intergalactic
gas，make up 3.6 percent．The rest is either dark matter, about 23 percent，or dark energy, about 73 percent．
Dark matter, sometimes called “cold dark matter,” has been known for some _4_. Only recently have researchers come to understand the pivotal role it _5_ in the formation of stars．planets and even people．
“We owe our very existence to dark matter,” said physicist 44 Paul Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which appeared not long _6_ in the journal Science．
Steinhardt said it is believed that following the Big Bang，the theoretical _7_ of the universe，dark matter caused particles to clump 45 together．That set up the gravitation processes that led to the formation of stars and galaxies 46．Those stars，in turn，created the basic chemicals，such as carbon and iron．that were _8_ to the evolution of life．
“Dark matter dominated the formation of structure in the early universe．”Steinhardt said．“For the first few billion years dark matter contained _9_ of the mass of the universe．You can think of ordinary matter as a froth of an Ocean of dark matter．The dark matter clumps 47 and the ordinary matter falls into it．That led to the _10_ of the stars and galaxies．”
Without dark matter,“there _11_ be virtually no structures in the universe．”
The nature of dark matter is _12_．It cannot be seen or detected _13_ ．Astronomers know it is there because of its effect on celestial 48 objects than can be seen and measured．
But the most dominating force Of _14_ in the universe is called dark energy．a recently proven power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to separate at a faster and faster speed．
One scientist said it is clear now _15_ dark matter and dark energy engaged in a gravitational tug 49 of war that，eventually，dark energy won．

词汇：
intergalactic／adj．银河间的 gravitation／n．地心吸力，万有引力
pivotal／adj．关键的 froth／n．泡沫
owe／v．把……归功于 celestial／adj．天体的
clump／v．凝聚成块
1． A)space B)movement C)forces D)speed
2． A)about B)in C)for D)witllin
3． A)waits for B)longs for C)accounts for D)looks for
4． A)schedule B)time C)duration D)period
5． A)displayed B)delayed C)relayed D)played
6． A)previously B)back C)before D)ago
7． A)beginning B)changing C)combining D)ending
8． A)universal B)additional C)fundamental D)structural
9． A)many B)most C)little D)few
10． A)detection B)formation C)revolution D)separation
11． A)would B)must C)shall D)should
12． A)unchecked B)unlocked C)unknown D)unmeasured
13． A)personally B)accurately C)formally D)directly
14． A)all B)total C)overall D)sum
15． A)when B)that C)how D)what