时间:2019-02-07 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   英语中,动词不定式除了作句子的主语、宾语、表语外,还可以作定语、宾补、状语。现在,我们只讨论后者。本文的主题是,怎样辨别不定式作定语、宾补和状语?


  请先对比以下三个句子:
  1. This is the key to open the front door.
  2. I expect my key to open that lock.
  3. He used his key to open the door.
  句1:to open the front door作定语。但有人认为它是目的状语,这是错误的。从意思上看,“打开前门”是修饰“钥匙”的,毫无疑问作定语。语法上看它不可能修饰系动词is,所以不是状语。一般说来,在表语后面的不定式都是定语,不是状语。
  句2:open that lock是宾补,修饰my key。因为key做了谓语动词expect的宾语,而在逻辑上又跟不定式是主谓关系,所以是宾语补足语。不定式作宾补是有条件的,在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,必须具备上述要求才可以。除了expect外,类似的动词还有:ask, want, wish, order, tell, persuade, advise, allow, warn 1, encourage, cause, require, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe等。
  句3:to open the door是目的状语,不是宾补。这个句子看起来与句2非常相似,但正是由于两个谓语动词的性质不一样,才出现了两种不同的成分。在这个句子中,to open the door是主语He发出的,his key跟 to open the door不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式是He used his key的目的, 所以它是目的状语。广义上的目的状语,不一定非要翻译成“为了……”,只有在不定式前加了in order 或so as强调时,才突出目的。
  此外,不定式还可作结果状语(She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone.)或原因状语(I am delighted to receive your email.)。
  【特别说明】
  在英语中,状语是一个非常庞大的句子成分,其主要作用是修饰动词的。其外延涉及“时间、地点、方式、频率,程度、原因、目的、结果、比较、条件和让步”等各个方面。可以这样说,凡是修饰动词的句子成分就是状语。能充当状语成分的有很多,但最典型的词类就是“副词”,难怪人们称它是adverb了(add+verb:意味着“加强动词,修饰动词”。状语叫做adverbial,里面也含着adverb)。

vt.警告,注意,远离;vi.提醒
  • I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了。
  • If you warn me in advance,I will have your order ready for you.你若预先通知我,我就能给您准备好了。
标签: 定语
学英语单词
a bill to bearer
a matter of surprise
Alioni
Almeter
ammonio-mercuric chloride
amphoteric solute
an act of congress
antidyne
antiRobespierrist
array pipeline
aspartylphosphate
baikal skullcap root
Balanga
Bayes theorem
beachlikest
blast furnace gas burner
blennosis
calcium influx
cantus galli
casino capitalism
cattywampus
cave blister
chorditis
cleric
coat thickness
cold cases
coleroa desmodii
computer aided warehousing system
creep of wood
crypto
cyberactivists
deceit
dengist
depth of snow cover
DGS (distance-gain-size)
dissertational
drisheen
Eaton, Mt.
eugonadotropism
fabricated element
figure-skating
flaring tube
fluidized bed painting
forward circuit
fundamental category
Gertrude Ederle
glymidine
good and hard
goulash
Henar, R.
hyperconjugated
Imbangala
imboasted
inductively coupled capacitor commutation
instrumentation console
Jersey wall
leisurely grazing
Liangguang
Light-demander
lingualis externus perpendicularis
manpower demand
motion for a new trial
mulattas
multicharacter
multiple-valued analytic function
off-falling
osteo
overgarrisoned
oversailing
oviculated
Paidia
parity violation
pentasulfides
peridesmitis
Pesmes
Platyceratacea
Pouébo
princes metal
puggier
push-pull scraper
reasonless arguments
rubber-belt conveyor
sale volume
save workbook
seasonal effects on sales
Serolfia
set a price on on someone's head
Silchester
simmer down to
Sitkalidak Strait
sugar-coated
Sur, Punta
synthetic resin filling-packaging machine
szabmacher
takefushi no mai (japan)
tenuous
thuenite (v. of ilmenite)
tirings
triphyllous pedicellaria
trucking rigs
Whittier, John Greenleaf
Wijer