时间:2019-02-07 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   英语中,动词不定式除了作句子的主语、宾语、表语外,还可以作定语、宾补、状语。现在,我们只讨论后者。本文的主题是,怎样辨别不定式作定语、宾补和状语?


  请先对比以下三个句子:
  1. This is the key to open the front door.
  2. I expect my key to open that lock.
  3. He used his key to open the door.
  句1:to open the front door作定语。但有人认为它是目的状语,这是错误的。从意思上看,“打开前门”是修饰“钥匙”的,毫无疑问作定语。语法上看它不可能修饰系动词is,所以不是状语。一般说来,在表语后面的不定式都是定语,不是状语。
  句2:open that lock是宾补,修饰my key。因为key做了谓语动词expect的宾语,而在逻辑上又跟不定式是主谓关系,所以是宾语补足语。不定式作宾补是有条件的,在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,必须具备上述要求才可以。除了expect外,类似的动词还有:ask, want, wish, order, tell, persuade, advise, allow, warn 1, encourage, cause, require, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe等。
  句3:to open the door是目的状语,不是宾补。这个句子看起来与句2非常相似,但正是由于两个谓语动词的性质不一样,才出现了两种不同的成分。在这个句子中,to open the door是主语He发出的,his key跟 to open the door不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式是He used his key的目的, 所以它是目的状语。广义上的目的状语,不一定非要翻译成“为了……”,只有在不定式前加了in order 或so as强调时,才突出目的。
  此外,不定式还可作结果状语(She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone.)或原因状语(I am delighted to receive your email.)。
  【特别说明】
  在英语中,状语是一个非常庞大的句子成分,其主要作用是修饰动词的。其外延涉及“时间、地点、方式、频率,程度、原因、目的、结果、比较、条件和让步”等各个方面。可以这样说,凡是修饰动词的句子成分就是状语。能充当状语成分的有很多,但最典型的词类就是“副词”,难怪人们称它是adverb了(add+verb:意味着“加强动词,修饰动词”。状语叫做adverbial,里面也含着adverb)。

vt.警告,注意,远离;vi.提醒
  • I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了。
  • If you warn me in advance,I will have your order ready for you.你若预先通知我,我就能给您准备好了。
标签: 定语
学英语单词
abbey hd.
acad
Adobe Premiere
aero-magnetic survey
amicia
amplia
anoxybiosis
anticlockwise movement
aphthonoides beccarii
azzlz teeth
Ban Kammasen
bio-control method
birgfeld
birth paralysis
boiler blow valve
brazier
buffer store location
Bukeya
cation
cedc
choke winding (short pitch winding)
co load
coelestin
colored audition
corresponding flanks
corrugated case
cost-profit-volume analysis
cyclosquamata
daytrade
Devonian igneous rock
Diocletian, (Gaius Aurelius valerius Diocletianus)
divided fall
DTMD
egg-calyx
Elatostema villosum
electrical bail
enveloping glass
epilachna sauteri
evennett
Evernet
extraction of nonferrous metal
extracurriculars
feoda
gas resorbing tissue
ground brace
helicopter airline
hold court
hold on to your hat
identical functor
If I mistake not
Ilex bidens
imbetter
JCFIA
Kit Carson County
kouro
Lindlar
logistic center
Memanbetsu
mild silver nitrate
monkey-house
movable tube-sheet
narver
Nauclea Korth
Navalny
non-revenue passenger mile (nrpm)
norber
normal yield table
nuclon
peadiatrics
pericardium channel of hand-Jueyin
phellinus laevigatus
phenolic aldehyde acid-proof varnish
piquer
polygonal connection
post-precipitate
pressure built-up test
projected growth rate
projective generator
roulette table
savennieres
sea mullet
seacaptain
septa membranaceum nasi
sorptional capacity
standing kick turn
starboard side light
stayed
steam throttle valve
sternite
strong motion wave
strumae
supersonic approach
three-layers
thrift department
thyroid cyst
timing gear box
under the favour of
undersea electric cable
warrenders
water-cooled all quartz reaction chamber
whyp
zombie strips