时间:2019-02-07 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   英语中,动词不定式除了作句子的主语、宾语、表语外,还可以作定语、宾补、状语。现在,我们只讨论后者。本文的主题是,怎样辨别不定式作定语、宾补和状语?


  请先对比以下三个句子:
  1. This is the key to open the front door.
  2. I expect my key to open that lock.
  3. He used his key to open the door.
  句1:to open the front door作定语。但有人认为它是目的状语,这是错误的。从意思上看,“打开前门”是修饰“钥匙”的,毫无疑问作定语。语法上看它不可能修饰系动词is,所以不是状语。一般说来,在表语后面的不定式都是定语,不是状语。
  句2:open that lock是宾补,修饰my key。因为key做了谓语动词expect的宾语,而在逻辑上又跟不定式是主谓关系,所以是宾语补足语。不定式作宾补是有条件的,在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,必须具备上述要求才可以。除了expect外,类似的动词还有:ask, want, wish, order, tell, persuade, advise, allow, warn 1, encourage, cause, require, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe等。
  句3:to open the door是目的状语,不是宾补。这个句子看起来与句2非常相似,但正是由于两个谓语动词的性质不一样,才出现了两种不同的成分。在这个句子中,to open the door是主语He发出的,his key跟 to open the door不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式是He used his key的目的, 所以它是目的状语。广义上的目的状语,不一定非要翻译成“为了……”,只有在不定式前加了in order 或so as强调时,才突出目的。
  此外,不定式还可作结果状语(She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone.)或原因状语(I am delighted to receive your email.)。
  【特别说明】
  在英语中,状语是一个非常庞大的句子成分,其主要作用是修饰动词的。其外延涉及“时间、地点、方式、频率,程度、原因、目的、结果、比较、条件和让步”等各个方面。可以这样说,凡是修饰动词的句子成分就是状语。能充当状语成分的有很多,但最典型的词类就是“副词”,难怪人们称它是adverb了(add+verb:意味着“加强动词,修饰动词”。状语叫做adverbial,里面也含着adverb)。

vt.警告,注意,远离;vi.提醒
  • I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了。
  • If you warn me in advance,I will have your order ready for you.你若预先通知我,我就能给您准备好了。
标签: 定语
学英语单词
afterpeak
alkaline secondary battery
articless of incorporation
backman
baseline privacy
basket worm
be complicated by
boshter
buck's fizz
chain and flight conveyer
chemical crystallogphy
chord splice
cold closed-die forging
coulter
credit card insurance
cyzicus pen. (kap?dag yarimadasi)
DBOA
dehydro-freezing
dehydromucic acid
demographic sample
depthkeeping
dimethylallyltranstransferase
discocephalous
downwarp
drill sergeants
Ellingstedt
emotional labour
exalt
exchange rate margin
explosion spectrum
flight safety
godfrey harold hardy
Haematopinus suis
Hammurapi
headstones
hemp flea beetle
hetlage
high-speed local network (hsln)
hot-aggregate conveyer
Hypostat
island
larissa
lay off pay
leukorrhea
linear gradient
living water use
make a search after
Malioidosis
melodic instrument
mineral licks
ochsman
oenin
officer of the watch
oil purification system
on a crash basis
operation control system
operative range of an energizing quantity
ossia
overlap indicator
overwhelmment
p.wk.
peroni
peroxide-based
pic
Piekberg
porocele
potential transmittance
power amplifier tetrode
prime factors
progressed to
prompt notification
pull-off pole
ranatras
rancons
random sampling
request signal
reskinned
Robertsville
sacrament of penance
saguaro
sealing water pipe
shot your wad
Silicon Beach
small mesenteric artery
standardized synthetic module
story shear
supplemental directive
temporary directory table
tender-conscienced
Tomma
unenvied
unhat
upper side
vocal register
wave spectra analyzer
weaponist
white radishes
William Graham Sumner
wood surface
wulfenite
wunk