时间:2019-02-07 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   英语中,动词不定式除了作句子的主语、宾语、表语外,还可以作定语、宾补、状语。现在,我们只讨论后者。本文的主题是,怎样辨别不定式作定语、宾补和状语?


  请先对比以下三个句子:
  1. This is the key to open the front door.
  2. I expect my key to open that lock.
  3. He used his key to open the door.
  句1:to open the front door作定语。但有人认为它是目的状语,这是错误的。从意思上看,“打开前门”是修饰“钥匙”的,毫无疑问作定语。语法上看它不可能修饰系动词is,所以不是状语。一般说来,在表语后面的不定式都是定语,不是状语。
  句2:open that lock是宾补,修饰my key。因为key做了谓语动词expect的宾语,而在逻辑上又跟不定式是主谓关系,所以是宾语补足语。不定式作宾补是有条件的,在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,必须具备上述要求才可以。除了expect外,类似的动词还有:ask, want, wish, order, tell, persuade, advise, allow, warn 1, encourage, cause, require, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe等。
  句3:to open the door是目的状语,不是宾补。这个句子看起来与句2非常相似,但正是由于两个谓语动词的性质不一样,才出现了两种不同的成分。在这个句子中,to open the door是主语He发出的,his key跟 to open the door不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式是He used his key的目的, 所以它是目的状语。广义上的目的状语,不一定非要翻译成“为了……”,只有在不定式前加了in order 或so as强调时,才突出目的。
  此外,不定式还可作结果状语(She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone.)或原因状语(I am delighted to receive your email.)。
  【特别说明】
  在英语中,状语是一个非常庞大的句子成分,其主要作用是修饰动词的。其外延涉及“时间、地点、方式、频率,程度、原因、目的、结果、比较、条件和让步”等各个方面。可以这样说,凡是修饰动词的句子成分就是状语。能充当状语成分的有很多,但最典型的词类就是“副词”,难怪人们称它是adverb了(add+verb:意味着“加强动词,修饰动词”。状语叫做adverbial,里面也含着adverb)。

vt.警告,注意,远离;vi.提醒
  • I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了。
  • If you warn me in advance,I will have your order ready for you.你若预先通知我,我就能给您准备好了。
标签: 定语
学英语单词
0412
a cup of tea
acceptable system
Alim I.
anisatum
Antonio Varas, Pen.
architectures for distributed systems
asset-liability view
average coordinate system
azorubin test
backscatters
Ban Sa Prathip
blancharalite (brochantite)
blocked exchange
bromochoroprene
by the hands of
car toppable
chi
chlorprenaline
circularly polarized antenna
collodion dry plate
crown control
curcuma (test) paper
curvature measurement
Dagupan
demonetized
depth signal pole
diplanetism
divertising
double ghost
dphil
drying and cooling
electrocardiogram telephone
evaluated maintenance programming
Evidential Effects of Bill of Lading
excluded volume
familial dysautonomia
Ferropyroaurite
fire bending machine
freshener
Ganglia thoracica
GASTEROPELECIDAE
go sour
Govezhda
Graves' scapula
Gravocaine
gridwork girder
groundwood paper
gunned down
heat-clearing prescription
intermittent duct (pulse jet)
intrapsychic
IPALT
juventate
Kamskatchan
L-10-W
lacto-vegetarians
liquid nitrogen plant
lubrication opening
macrodissection
metarepresented
model worker
Männlifluh
Ndareda
nonpunishable
NYCTA
octahedral plane
one-year-old
palenque
passive migration
pressure-distribution calculation
prosthetic device
pterostyliss
pyritohedral
quantity per assembly
Red hat Package Manager
removedness
retrieval of technological information
retrocedent gout
roring
safety head lamp
sample chamber
Sandvika
section eight, Section Eight
self-cleaning rotating screen filter
Sergeyevka
short-bowel syndrome
Sidenreng, Danau
starting element
stiacciato
TATPM
the contrary is the case
thrust down
to dredge
tube micrometer
twin brother
Unguiculare
unstable period
upward gradient
vertical pressure leaf filter
waterfall line
with a friendly eye