时间:2019-02-07 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   英语中,动词不定式除了作句子的主语、宾语、表语外,还可以作定语、宾补、状语。现在,我们只讨论后者。本文的主题是,怎样辨别不定式作定语、宾补和状语?


  请先对比以下三个句子:
  1. This is the key to open the front door.
  2. I expect my key to open that lock.
  3. He used his key to open the door.
  句1:to open the front door作定语。但有人认为它是目的状语,这是错误的。从意思上看,“打开前门”是修饰“钥匙”的,毫无疑问作定语。语法上看它不可能修饰系动词is,所以不是状语。一般说来,在表语后面的不定式都是定语,不是状语。
  句2:open that lock是宾补,修饰my key。因为key做了谓语动词expect的宾语,而在逻辑上又跟不定式是主谓关系,所以是宾语补足语。不定式作宾补是有条件的,在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,必须具备上述要求才可以。除了expect外,类似的动词还有:ask, want, wish, order, tell, persuade, advise, allow, warn 1, encourage, cause, require, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe等。
  句3:to open the door是目的状语,不是宾补。这个句子看起来与句2非常相似,但正是由于两个谓语动词的性质不一样,才出现了两种不同的成分。在这个句子中,to open the door是主语He发出的,his key跟 to open the door不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式是He used his key的目的, 所以它是目的状语。广义上的目的状语,不一定非要翻译成“为了……”,只有在不定式前加了in order 或so as强调时,才突出目的。
  此外,不定式还可作结果状语(She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone.)或原因状语(I am delighted to receive your email.)。
  【特别说明】
  在英语中,状语是一个非常庞大的句子成分,其主要作用是修饰动词的。其外延涉及“时间、地点、方式、频率,程度、原因、目的、结果、比较、条件和让步”等各个方面。可以这样说,凡是修饰动词的句子成分就是状语。能充当状语成分的有很多,但最典型的词类就是“副词”,难怪人们称它是adverb了(add+verb:意味着“加强动词,修饰动词”。状语叫做adverbial,里面也含着adverb)。

vt.警告,注意,远离;vi.提醒
  • I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了。
  • If you warn me in advance,I will have your order ready for you.你若预先通知我,我就能给您准备好了。
标签: 定语
学英语单词
?-branched
AAPHP
acylating
American government
antler moth
assayed
astrologized
autoerythrocyte purpura
Bicitra
bismuth white
brake presses
bush jackets
casting and forging machine
cause sth to be done
ceramic frit
chubsucker
clear the air
cognizants
constant pitch propeller
corpora cavernosum conchae
Cui-gong ware
decision-directed adaptation
dekkoes
diaminodihydroxyarseno-benzene
directional launch
Distoma lanceolatum
Eagle mounting
elongation at fracture
emotronica
engelmeyer
equivalent weights
euphotometric
exoculation
feature creature
four-byte unsigned binary key
FY (fiscal year)
gain one's point
ghost free
half element cell
hardware option
holy order
idle interrupt
imbrues
immunologic maturation
indicating devices
injection therapy of internal hemorroid
insulinotherapy
involutus
key-money
Kihoku
kolbins
lacquer-ware
LAK cell
laminated calculus
Leptopus clarkei
locomotive running fuel
Massimo
metallide
Min-ngaw
monyal
Moussala
Muramba
naloxiphan
nedlands
opinions differ
ore-forming mineral
overguesstimates
paper machine room
polarity interval
police headquarters
porcari
prepensed
prettyism
private-use
PTA deficiency
radar receivertransmitter
radiobiological dosimetry
replaceability
reverse-reverting value
rotisserie
route search
rukh
runner core
Saussurea rockii
second generation computer
secretarygeneral
self braking time
ship's bearing transmitter
simple shape
space-born metric camera
spring-biased valve
stanozol
stepup
Torvsjö
transversal mass
tridecyl phosphine oxide(TDPO)
Tsez
unbearably
under-resourced
varnished cambric insulation
waist-trimming machine
zoghlin