延续性动词和非延续性动词
时间:2019-02-07 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
英语课
英语动词按其动作发生的方式以及动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1. 延续性动词
也有人叫它持续性动词,它表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以长时间延续下去或产生持久的影响。英语中的延续性动词比较多,如study, work, stand, lie 1, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
He worked all day in the fields 2. 他在地里干了一天。
I waited for you for an hour. 我等你等了一个钟头。
He stayed in London for over a month. 他在伦敦待了一个多月。
He watched them eating. 他瞧着他们吃饭。
2. 非延续性动词
非延续性动词,也有人叫它终止性动词、短暂性动词、瞬间动词,它表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。这类动词常见的有begin, buy, close, come, die 4, fail 5, find, finish, go, join, kill 6, leave, lend 7, lose 3, sell, start, stop, borrow 8等。如:
They reached 9 the village in the afternoon. 下午他们抵达那个村子。
I haven't finished 10 the work yet 11. 这项工作我还没有干完。
She stood 12 up and left the room. 她站起身走出房去。
3. 与完成时连用
有的人认为非延续性动词不能与现在完成时连用,你也这样认为吗?错了!其实这是一种误解。事实上,无论是延续性动词还是非延续性动词,它们都可以与现在完成时连用。如:
He has lived here for ten 10 years. 他在这里住了10年了。
He has just arrived. 他刚刚到达。
上面两句的谓语都用了现在完成时,但第一句中的动词live是延续性动词,而第二句中的动词arrive为非延续性动词。两者真正不同的是,延续动词根据需要可以连用一段时间,而非延续性动词通常不能连用一段时间,所以第一句中的live可以连用一段时间for ten years,第二句中的arrive则不可以连用类似for ten years这样的一段时间。
4. 非延续性动词的如何变为延续性动词
非延续性动词由于它所表示的动作只在瞬间完成,不能延续,所以它不能与一段时间连用,若在实际语境中需要连用一段时间,则应改为与之同义的延续性动词。如:
begin / start→be on die→be dead 13 come / go→be in
borrow→keep finish→be over leave→be away
buy→have get to know→know join→be in / be a member of
请看下面的例句子:
运动会已经开了三天了。
误:The sports meeting 14 has begun for three days.
正:The sports meeting has been on for three days.
他入党10年了。
误:He has joined the Party for 10 years.
正:He has been in the Party for 10 years.
正:He has been a Party member for 10 years.
他死了三年了。
误:He has died 15 for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
5. 在否定句中的用法
非延续性动词不能与一段时间连用,这通常只限于肯定句,在否定句中则没有这样的限制——因为所有的非延续性动词一旦被否定,就成了一种状态,而所有的状态都是可以持续的。如leave(离开)是非延续性动词,而not leave(没有离开)则是一种状态,因为“没有离开”其实就是“呆在原处”,相当于still stay there之类的意思,所以它是延续了。如:
误:He has left here for three years. 他离开这儿有三年了。
正:He hasn't left here for three years. 他已有三年没离开这儿了。
n.谎话;谎言;vi.躺;平放;展现;展开;位于;vt.说谎;躺
- We are looking for a place to lie.我们在找躺的地方。
- What did I lie about?我撒了什么谎?
n.田( field的名词复数 );(作某种用途的)场地;(学习或研究的)领域;运动场
- The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。
- We had to make a detour around the flooded fields. 我们只得绕道避开被洪水淹没的田野。
v.丢失,失去,迷失,(钟表)走慢
- I always lose at cards, with my bad luck.我不走运,打牌总输。
- I can always lose myself in a good book.一本好书会使我爱不释手。
v.失败,不及格,辜负,缺少
- If I should fail I would try again.万一失败,我还要试一试。
- If you fail now,who will pick up the pieces?你现在要是失败了,谁来收拾残局?
vt.杀死,弄死;扼杀,毁掉;使终止;消磨;vi.杀死;被弄死杀,杀伤;猎获物
- Many ants kill the horse.蚁多可杀马。
- She wants to kill me.她想杀了我。
v.把…借给;借给
- Would you lend me some money?能借我一些钱吗?
- They had no reading books to lend.他们没有阅读用书可以出借。
vt.借,借入,借用;vi.借
- Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗?
- You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。
v.到达( reach的过去式和过去分词 );联络;伸出手臂,延伸
- An amicable settlement was reached. 已达成和解。
- After much hard bargaining we reached an agreement. 经过一番艰难的讨价还价,我们达成了协议。
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
- We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
- We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
adv.还,仍然,即刻;conj.尽管,然而
- I am not ready yet.我还没有准备好。
- Beautiful as she is,she didn't find a boyfriend yet.尽管她很漂亮,但还没找到男朋友呢。
vbl.stand的过去式和过去分词
- She stood up when they came in.当他们进来时,她站了起来。
- The child stood by the side of his mother.孩子站在母亲身边。
adj.死的;无生命的;死气沉沉的;adv.完全地
- Mary threw away the dead flowers.玛丽把枯萎的花扔掉了。
- He was dead asleep.他完全睡着了。
n.会议;集会
- Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗?
- We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
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延续性动词