王长喜听力指导题型篇-c

　　[00:04.55]you will have time to read questions related to it.

[00:08.12]While listening

[00:10.50]answer each question by choosing A.B.C or D.

[00:17.11]After listening,

[00:19.51]you will have time to check your answer.

[00:22.41]You will have each piece once only.

[00:26.02]Passage 1

[00:27.82]Friends play an important role in our lives,

[00:31.11]and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted,

[00:34.82]we often don't clearly understand how we make friends.

[00:38.90]While we may get on well with other people,

[00:41.69]we are only friends with a few.

[00:44.17]For example,

[00:45.95]the average among students is about six per person.

[00:49.63]Initially,

[00:51.23]much depends on how people meet and on favorable first impressions.

[00:56.42]As we get to know people,

[00:59.04]we take into account things like age,race,

[01:02.72]economic and social status and intelligence.

[01:06.51]Although these factors are not of prime importance,

[01:10.30]it is more difficult to relate to people

[01:13.17]when there is a marked difference in age and background.

[01:17.24]Some relationships thrive on argument and discussion,

[01:21.32]but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs,

[01:25.81]to have attitudes and interests in common

[01:29.10]they sometimes talk about "being on the same wavelength 1".

[01:32.89]It generally takes time to reach this point,

[01:35.97]although sometimes people click immediately.

[01:38.87]The more intimately involved people become,

[01:42.27]the more they rely on each other.

[01:44.99]People want to do friends favors and hate to let them down.

[01:48.88]Equally,friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,

[01:53.19]to put up with irritating habits

[01:56.17]and to tolerate differences of opinion.

[02:41.85]Passage 2

[02:43.76]When it rains or snows,some of the water is retained by the soil,

[02:49.95]some is absorbed by vegetation,

[02:52.96]some evaporates,and the remainder,

[02:56.25]which reaches stream channels,is called runoff.

[03:00.35]Floods occur when soil and vegetation can not absorb all the water;

[03:05.76]water then runs off the land in quantities

[03:09.75]and can't be carried in stream channels

[03:13.25]or retained in natural ponds and constructed reservoirs.

[03:18.56]About 30% of all precipitation is runoff,

[03:23.15]and this amount is increased by melting snow masses.

[03:27.54]Periodic floods occur naturally on many rivers,

[03:32.32]forming an area known as the flood plain.

[03:35.93]These river floods often result from the heavy rain,

[03:39.74]sometimes combined with melting snow,

[03:43.03]which causes the rivers to overflow 2 their banks;

[03:47.03]a flood that rises and falls rapidly

[03:50.74]with little or no advanced warning is called a flash flood.

[03:55.34]Flash floods usually result from intense rainfall over a relatively 3 small area.

[04:01.32]Coastal areas are occasionally flooded by unusually high tides

[04:06.91]induced by the winds over ocean surfaces,

[04:11.40]or by tidal waves caused by undersea earthquakes.

[04:17.10]Passage 3

[04:45.39]In his youth,Sam wanted to learn many languages,

[04:50.27]to know everything about human history,

[04:53.15]and to become wise by reading great books.

[04:56.72]When he first came from Europe to the state of North Dakota,

[05:00.72]he worked in a small mill and studied all evening.

[05:04.93]Then he met Lena Wesselius and married her at the age of eighteen.

[05:10.02]After that there was a farm to pay for,

[05:13.39]and there were children to feed.

[05:15.59]For many years,Sam had no time to study.

[05:18.98]Finally,he had a farm that was free from debt, with good soil and plenty of animals.

[05:25.59]But by then he was sixty-three years old and ready to die.

[05:29.59]His wife was dead.

[05:31.57]His sons had grown up and gone away.

[05:34.18]His work was done and he was unneeded and alone.

[05:38.18]Sam's daughter and son-in-law begged him to live with them,

[05:42.78]but he refused.

[05:44.87]"No",he said,"You must learn to be independent.

[05:48.94]You will come and live here on my farm,

[05:51.82]and you will pay me four hundred dollars a year for the use of it.

[05:56.21]But I will not live here with you.

[05:58.71]I will watch you from my hill.

[06:01.09]He built himself a small house on the hill,

[06:05.09]where he cooked his meals,made his bed and read many books from public library.

[06:10.57]He began to feel that he was more free than ever before in his life.

[07:03.47]Passage 4

[07:06.19]It is my honor to introduce today's guest lecturer,

[07:10.29]Dr.C.Henry Taylor,

[07:12.88]a colleague who is so well-known to all of us

[07:16.69]for his many accomplishments 4

[07:19.77]and contributions to the field of architecture and planning

[07:24.29]that it hardly seems necessary to recount them here.

[07:28.37]Nevertheless,as custom,

[07:31.34]I will summarize his long experience as a prelude 5 to his address.

[07:36.33]Dr.Taylor received his B.A.degree

[07:39.62]in urban history at Yale University in 1955.

[07:44.72]Five years later, he was awarded a master's degree in architecture

[07:49.89]and a Ph.D. in urban design from Cornell University.

[07:54.88]Upon graduation,

[07:57.39]he accepted a teaching position in the Department of Architecture

[08:02.38]and Fine Arts at Illinois University

[08:06.27]where he was promoted to chairman of the Department in 1969.

[08:12.49]Last year Dr.Taylor resigned from the university

[08:17.27]in order to accept a research position

[08:20.85]with the Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington

[08:25.55]as Director of Planning.

[08:28.16]Today,Dr.Taylor will speak to us about federal regulations

[08:33.65]for urban development,

[08:36.36]and frankly,I know of no one who is more qualified 6 to address the subject.

[08:42.24]Ladies and gentlemen,let's welcome Dr.Henry Taylor,

[08:46.84]a well-known scholar and designer.

[09:20.33]Passage 5

[09:23.23]If you have been on campus for very long,

[09:27.12]I am certain that you have heard about this course.

[09:30.70]You may know that last semester,

[09:34.09]about 50% of the students who enrolled 7 in my class failed.

[09:38.59]Let me explain how this came about

[09:41.56]before you jump to any conclusions.

[09:44.54]In the first place,

[09:46.55]since this is a composition class,

[09:49.45]I expect my students to follow certain rules of formality.

[09:53.84]Unfortunately, students today don't like to follow any rules of formality,

[09:59.12]especially those they may feel to be unnecessary.

[10:02.62]For example,

[10:04.63]I asked that each of your papers be typed and centered on thepaper correctly.

[10:09.83]I count off points for various kinds of mistakes.

[10:13.33]A misspelled word will cost you five points.

[10:16.72]You have lost 25 points if you misspelled five words.

[10:21.04]If you write an incomplete sentence,you have lost 10 points.

[10:25.14]If you give me two complete sentences as one

[10:28.82]without adequate punctuation,you have lost 15 points.

[10:33.23]I don't accept late papers.

[10:36.03]You will receive zero for any theme you fail to submit on time.

[10:40.52]I expect you to read any assignment.

[10:43.63]To make certain you have read the assignment,

[10:46.71]I will give unannounced quiz from time to time.

[10:50.29]This class meets on Mondays,Wednesdays and Fridays.

[10:54.47]You will have a total of six tests through the semester.

[10:58.18]Your final grade will be based on an average of these major tests,

[11:02.88]the pop tests,and eighteen written themes.

[11:06.67]If you have any question at any time,

[11:09.57]you can see me on Tuesdays.

[11:12.37]My office is on second floor of the building.

[11:16.05]Your assignment for Wednesday

[11:18.56]is to read Hemingway's short story on page 55.

[11:22.84]Friday will be the last class day of the week,

[11:26.73]so you can be expected to write a short in-class theme for me then.

[11:31.02]That's all for today.

[11:32.82]I'II see you on Wednesday.

[12:03.33]Passage 6

[12:08.74]Animals perform many useful and entertaining jobs.

[12:13.13]Dogs are particularly valuable in guiding the blind,

[12:17.33]protecting property, fining lost people, and hunting criminals.

[12:23.42]Horses are used in guarding herds 8,

[12:26.63]carrying men in lands

[12:29.32]when there are no roads and helping 9 farmers work their lands.

[12:34.13]Pigeons have long been used to carry messages.

[12:37.73]Dogs are extremely useful as companions for blind people.

[12:42.62]When a dog has been properly trained,

[12:46.30]he will always lead its blind master in the right direction

[12:51.00]and keep him out of danger.

[12:53.90]For example,

[12:55.99]seeing-eye dogs learn never to cross a busy road

[12:59.91]when cars are coming,even if their masters command them to do so.

[13:05.11]Horses are also able to learn a lot of things.

[13:09.39]Horses that are used for guards or police duty

[13:13.60]must learn never to be frightened of noises,traffic and other disturbances 10.

[13:22.19]Racing horses are able to learn much faster than other horses.

[13:27.29]Therefore it is necessary for those who train them

[13:31.39]to be very patient and understanding.

[13:34.58]Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home,

[13:39.77]even if they are far away and the trip is very hard and dangerous.

[13:45.08]Menutilize this instinct to send messages on small pieces of paper

[13:50.88]which are fastened to the pigeon's back or legs.

[13:55.27]In wartime,pigeons have been known to fly as fast as 75 miles an hour

[14:02.16]and to cover distance of 500 to 600 miles.

[14:06.76]People have realized

[14:09.95]that although animals may not have the intelligence as human beings,

[14:15.56]they are smart enough to left many things.

[15:16.85]Passage 7

[15:19.22]N:You know,Brian,

[15:21.34]it doesn't look like you have  vacuumed the living room

[15:24.92]or cleaned the bathroom.

[15:27.19]B:No,I haven't.Ugh, I had a worst day. I am so tired.

[15:33.49]Look,I promise I'll do it this weekend.

[15:36.99]N:Listen,I know the feeling.I am tired,too.

[15:41.17]But I came home and did my share of the housework.

[15:44.85]I mean,that's "the agreement", right?

[15:48.66]B:All right,we agreed.I'll do it in a minute.  N:Come on.

[15:53.55]Don't be that way.You know,I should not have to ask you to do anything.

[15:58.96]I mean,we both work,we both live in the house,

[16:03.06]we agreed that housework is both of our responsibilities.

[16:07.05]I don't like to have to keep reminding you about it.

[16:10.95]It makes me feels like an old nag 11 or something.

[16:14.76]B:Sometimes you are an old nag.   N:Oh,great!

[16:18.26]B:No,it's just that I don't notice when things get dirty as you do.

[16:23.46]Look,all you have to do is tell me,and I'll do it.

[16:27.06]N:No,I don't want to be put in that position.

[16:30.85]I mean,you can see dirt as well as I can.

[16:34.25]Otherwise I mean, that put all the responsibility on me.

[16:38.16]B:It's just that cleanliness is not a high priority with me.

[16:42.34]There are other things I would much rather do.

[16:45.32]Besides,the living room floor does not look that dirty.  N:Brian.

[16:50.42]B:Just a couple crumbs 12.

[17:19.60]Passage 8

[17:21.69]The need for birth control methods has developed fairly recently,

[17:26.28]with the desire among many women

[17:28.97]to be able to decide when they want to have a baby.

[17:32.47]At the same time,

[17:34.48]there's a growing awareness 13 of the problem of a rapidly increasing world population

[17:40.68]This problem of a rising world population

[17:44.78]is largely the result of improved medical skills,

[17:48.38]which have lowered the death rate

[17:51.18]and the same time raised the birth rate by increasing live births

[17:55.88]and the number of babies who survive early childhood.

[17:59.67]There is a growing realization 14 that food production

[18:03.25]can not keep pace with these increases,

[18:06.46]the result of which is that in some countries

[18:09.75]people are already starving to death

[18:12.86]while many millions more suffer from malnutrition 15.

[18:16.54]This problem is further complicated by the fact that places like America and Europe

[18:22.42]obtain by trade

[18:24.80]and consume far more food and resources like oil than say theaverage Indian,

[18:30.70]thus leaving even less for the people in the underdeveloped area to survive on.

[18:35.69]World population is rising at a rate of 2% a year;

[18:40.29]this means an addition of 70 million people a year

[18:44.18] to the present population of more than 3,500  million.

[18:49.17]There are striking regional differences in the population growth trends.

[18:53.69]The fastest growing region is Latin America

[18:57.08]which includes South and Central America and the Caribbean,

[19:01.18]while Africa and Asia closely follow Latin America.

[19:05.29]However the largest absolute addition to the world population is in Asia

[19:10.59]which at present contains about three-fifths of the people of the world.

[19:48.88] Passage 9

[19:51.29]In 1626,Manhattan Island was purchased from the Indians by Peter Minuit.

[19:57.69]It cost about $2,400.

[20:01.87]At first,it was called New Amsterdam by the Dutch settlers.

[20:07.25]Later it was renamed New York by the English.

[20:11.35]The city grew rapidly.

[20:13.96]There were several reasons for this,

[20:16.86]but the most important one is its location.

[20:20.54]New York is situated 16 on the best American harbor on the Atlantic Ocean.

[20:26.42]It also lies on the Hudson River

[20:29.64]which allows water transportation into the middle of the United States.

[20:34.62]Today New York has a population of approximately eight million.

[20:39.43]The city has groups from many races.

[20:43.14]It is famous for its Chinatown.

[20:46.22]It also has the largest Jewish population of any city outside Israel.

[20:51.84]After the blacks were released from slavery,

[20:55.63]a large number of them moved into cities like New York,

[20:59.94]Philadelphia,and Washington.

[21:02.84]More recently,people from Puerto Rico have done the same thing.

[21:07.83]New York is made up of five boroughs 17.

[21:12.03]The Bronx is the only one located on the mainland,

[21:16.34]with Brooklyn, Richmond,and Queensbeing on islands.

[21:20.94]It is a large manufacturing center

[21:24.44]because factories can be located near good water transportation.

[21:29.14]Two of the main businesses

[21:32.04]are the clothing industry and the printing industry .

[21:35.83]Most large publishing companies have their headquarters there.

[21:40.14]The city is often lauded 18 for its large number of cultural attractions

[21:45.94]Among them are the Broadway theaters,

[21:49.44]the opera,the art museum and historic sites.

[21:54.04]Of course,

[21:55.73]it also offers sports fans a chance to sit and tensely watch a live game.

[22:01.14]One of the most famous landmarks 19 is the Empire State Building.

[22:06.03]More 15,000 people work here every year.

[22:09.63]At 1,250 feet it is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

[22:15.93]But New York is a constantly changing city

[22:19.43]and this building is no longer the tallest one in the city.

[22:23.32]The 1,350-foot World Trade Center has taken itsplace.

[22:52.32]Passage 10

[22:54.80]M:You have been in a university before,haven't you?

[22:58.69]W:Yes,in Britain.

[23:00.78]M:How do students go about getting jobs when they graduate?

[23:05.19]W:Well,most universities have a Careers Advice Service.

[23:10.18]I used to know the people in the Careers Service in Newcastle University

[23:15.38]and they seem fairly successfully in finding jobs for students.

[23:19.77]They are able to get jobs for 30-40% of new graduates.

[23:25.05]M:That seems a fairly low percentage.

[23:28.34]W:It is not if you consider the various other options which they take up.

[23:33.22]For example,there are a fair number of people

[23:37.19]who go into further study for master's degree,

[23:40.98]either at the same university or other university.

[23:45.29]Then a second group of people,

[23:47.88]who,instead of taking a career job immediately after university,

[23:53.39]decide to take time off,maybe see the world.

[23:57.78]Well,there is a third group,

[24:00.68]who can not actually get the jobs they want,

[24:03.97]and who maybe take something else in the meanwhile.

[24:07.76]So when I say 30-40% find jobs through the Careers Service,

[24:13.06]that doesn't mean only that number find jobs.

[24:17.27]A lot of other people find jobs through the newspapers.

[24:21.65]M:So it is quite really high.

[24:24.45]W:Oh,I think so.

[24:26.64]And quite a lot of other people of course

[24:30.33]look in newspapersand other particularjournals or magazines

[24:35.13]which advertise jobs in the fields they are interested in.