王长喜听力指导题型篇-a

　　[00:24.35]in questions 1-5with the information you've heard.

[00:29.23]You will hear recording 1 twice.

[00:32.73]You now have twenty-five seconds to read the questions.

[00:37.64]Passage 1

[00:39.52]Good afternoon! My name is Mary Brown.

[00:43.60]For the next 11 weeks,I will be your lab instructor 2.

[00:48.09]The lab experiments you will be having

[00:51.17]are designed to complete your work

[00:53.97]in Dr.Kaplan's inorganic 3 chemistry course.

[00:58.36]Today's experiment is purposely a short one.

[01:03.16]It'll help you become familiar with the lab setup and equipment.

[01:07.87]As your lab instructor,

[01:10.27]it is my duty to assist you in setting up your experiments

[01:15.26]and understanding your results.

[01:18.16]I will also grade your lab notebooks.

[01:21.35]But I have an even more basic responsibility your physical safety.

[01:26.62]I will insist on proper precautions,

[01:30.10]such as wearing protective goggles 4 at all times.

[01:34.28]I also expect you to use common sense.

[01:38.09]Don't wear long scarves that might catch fire.

[01:41.28]Don't smoke.

[01:43.58]Don't taste unknown substances.

[01:46.29]Let me reinforce this point with a story.

[01:49.37]Issac Newton,perhaps the greatest scientist of all ages,

[01:53.97]lived in a period when the toxic 5 effects of chemicals

[01:58.15]were less understood than today.

[02:00.84]He routinely sniffed 6 fumes,tasted the chemicals,

[02:06.12]and used open containers for heating substances.

[02:10.12]In the early 1690's

[02:12.81]he suffered through a period ofinsomnia,

[02:15.92]depression,and mental instability.

[02:19.49]Noted biographers linked the situation to problems in his personal life.

[02:25.08]Researchers now think it was a consequence of his lab procedures.

[02:29.89]They found abnormally high concentrations of lead,mercury,

[02:34.78]and other heavy metals in preserved specimens 7 of his hair.

[02:39.19]Consequently,we must learn from the past and put safety first.

[03:15.08]Passage 2

[03:16.99]I want to thank Professor James

[03:20.18]for letting me have a few minutes of class time

[03:23.57]to tell you about our field trip tomorrow.

[03:26.45]We will be leaving by bus at 8 in the morning

[03:30.42]and returning at about 5.

[03:32.90]Please bring your lunch.

[03:35.01]As you know,

[03:36.61]this trip is a requirement of the course.

[03:39.69]You are all expected to participate,

[03:42.59]and then to write up a report in your lab notebooks.

[03:46.17]I've put together a handbook to orient you.

[03:49.15]Please pick it up after class and read it tonight.

[03:52.86]In it,

[03:54.24]I discuss the members of the pine family found here in the northeast.

[03:58.63]As you have learned,

[04:00.43]the pine family is composed of pines,

[04:03.51]larches,spruces, hemlocks,douglas firs,and true firs.

[04:08.79]With the exception of douglas firs,

[04:11.48]which grow only in the western part of the country,

[04:14.67]we'll be looking at examples of them all.

[04:17.46]The sketches 8 in the handout 9

[04:19.84]should help you distinguish the various types of trees.

[04:23.24]As your leader tomorrow,

[04:25.43]I'II try to make the experience a rewarding one.

[04:28.72]A field trip is a little like a bank

[04:31.52]what you get out of it depends on what you put into it.

[04:47.11]Passage 3

[04:48.89]The main types of agricultural activities in Australia

[04:53.07]are wheat growing and cattle and sheep rearing.

[04:56.67]This is concentrated mostly in the coastal 10 areas,

[05:00.56]where land is not so dry.

[05:02.97]As a result of the cattle and sheep farms,

[05:06.47]cottage industries have arisen,

[05:09.08]and they deal with cow hides,sheep skins and so on.

[05:12.87]The cottage industry

[05:15.17]is becoming of major importance to Australia

[05:18.56]as it is going to develop its tourist industry.

[05:21.85]An increasing important resource in Australia is the beaches.

[05:26.35]These are being developed for recreational purposes,

[05:29.95]exploiting the surf, sand,abundant marine 11 life

[05:34.24]and favorable temperature of conditions of the area.

[05:37.82]This area is called Australia's "Gold Coast".

[05:41.42]Australia's government is also making full use of its interior,

[05:45.81]and one of Australia's fastest growing towns is Alice Springs,

[05:50.09]the home of the fascinating rock formations,

[05:53.49]particularly Ayers Rock.

[05:55.89]Although agriculture is so rich in Australia,

[05:59.39]thirty percent of the population lives in the urban areas.

[06:03.78]The main commercial areas of Australia are its major cities,

[06:08.07]which are situated 12 along the coasts;

[06:11.07]Perth,Darwin, Brisbane,Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide.

[06:15.98]These cities are more service-oriented

[06:19.66]and provide the populace with a high standard of facilities and infrastructure 13

[07:00.36]Passage 4

[07:02.24]The United Nations General Assembly adopted a formal decision

[07:08.64]in November 1995,

[07:11.65]aiming to promote greater equality

[07:15.25]among the six official UN languages

[07:19.14]and to halt the growing dominance of English

[07:22.75]at the world 's headquarters.

[07:25.34]In addition to English,

[07:28.42]the official languages of the 185-nation Assembly

[07:33.41]and the 15-member Security Council are Arabic,Chinese,

[07:39.10]French, Russian and Spanish.

[07:42.89]The working languages of the UN secretariat

[07:46.78]are English and French.

[07:49.47]The decision's 75sponsors,led by France,

[07:55.27]are upset that documents are often initially 14 available

[07:59.66]only in English

[08:02.17]and diplomats 15 have tonegotiate on texts

[08:05.96]before they areavailable in theirpreferred language

[08:09.74]or with aninterpreter.

[08:12.33]The decision asksSecretary GeneralGhali to ensurethat the UNdecisions

[08:19.62]on the useof various languagesare strictly 16 carriedout

[08:23.82]and to ensurethat use of anotherof the six officiallanguages

[08:30.12]areencouraged and aken intoaccount,

[08:33.62]especiallywhen staff areconsidered.

[09:06.12]Passage 5

[09:08.02]John Maynard Keynes was the most influential 17 British economist 18 of the twenties century

[09:13.82]He was born in Cambridge, England in 1883.

[09:18.11]Keynes won a scholarship to Eton.

[09:20.98]He entered King's College,Cambridge,

[09:23.88]also on a scholarship,

[09:25.97]and took his degree in mathematics in 1905.

[09:29.86]After obtaining his degree,

[09:32.58]he studied economics for a year

[09:35.16]with the help of Alfred Marshall and A.C.Pigou.

[09:39.16]At the request of Alfred Marshall,

[09:41.96]he began to teach economics at Cambridge.

[09:45.04]Keynes served as an economic adviser 19

[09:49.24]to the British Treasury 20 during the FirstWorld War.

[09:52.43]Then in the early 1920s,

[09:55.30]Keynes acted as a consultant 21 to investment firms.

[09:59.59]He also founded three investment trusts.

[10:02.70]His major economic works are Treatise 22 on Money(1930)

[10:08.08]and The General Theory of Employment Interest md Money (1936).

[10:13.46]In March 1946,

[10:16.36]he went to the U.S.

[10:18.48]to attend a conference at Savannah Ga.

[10:22.47]After the conference,

[10:24.56]he had a very severe heart attack on the train.

[10:27.85]He died at his home on April 21,1946.

[10:50.45]Passage 6

[10:52.33]British universities can be divided roughly into three main groups.

[10:57.42]The old universities:

[11:00.01]these are the universities founding before the year 1600.

[11:05.70]Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest of the British universities,

[11:10.38]dating from 1249 and 1284.

[11:15.40]Since that time they have continued to grow.

[11:18.58]the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries,

[11:22.68]four universities were founded inScotland:

[11:26.50]St.Andrews(1411),

[11:29.89]Glasgo(1450),

[11:32.98]Aberdeen(1494),

[11:35.95]and Edinburgh(1583).

[11:39.74]The Redbrick universities:

[11:42.75]these include all the provincial 23 universities of theperiod 1850-1930,

[11:50.14]as well as London University.

[11:52.83]The term "redbrick" is not used much today,

[11:56.75]but is useful for defining this group of universities,

[12:00.85]which were all built in the favorite building material of the period:redbrick.

[12:06.83]The new universities:

[12:09.03]these are the universities founded since the Second World War.

[12:13.20]Each has its own independent approach to teaching

[12:17.91]and many students are now choosing the new universities

[12:22.40]because of their more"modem"approach,

[12:25.48]in preference to Oxford,Cambridge or the Redbrick universities.

[12:30.39]Altogether,

[12:33.19]there are now forty-four universities in the United Kingdom:

[12:37.79]thirty-three in England,eight in Scotland,

[12:42.28]two in Northern Ireland and one,

[12:44.89]federation of seven colleges,in Wales.

[13:21.78]Passage 7

[13:23.66]Some cities grow very large because of two important reasons.

[13:28.25]Firstly,there may be important natural resources like wood,

[13:32.75]gas,oil,rivers or harbors near or in the city.

[13:37.35]Natural resources like wood or oil can be brought to the city

[13:42.83]and made into products to sell.

[13:45.55]Other resources, like rivers or harbors

[13:48.94]help to send the city's products to other places to be sold.

[13:53.04]Second,the city may be located in a place

[13:57.33]where roads and rivers come together.

[14:00.12]This makes these cities good places to buy and sell goods.

[14:04.12]Houston is a big ncity that grew large because it has two important natural resources

[14:10.10]They are oil and a good harbor.

[14:12.98]The oil can be brought to Houston,

[14:15.46]made into different products,

[14:18.15]and shipped out of the harbor to other parts of the world.

[14:21.73]Chicago is a city that grew very large

[14:25.04]because of its location at a place where roads, railways,and airways 24 meet.

[14:30.32]In Chicago,goods can be brought together

[14:33.90]from all over the country and bought and sold.

[14:37.37]Then the goods can be loaded into trucks, trains or planes

[14:41.37]and sent to wherever they are needed.

[14:44.06]Because of Chicago's location,many people live and work there.

[15:08.96]Passage 8

[15:10.76]The 1992 Summer Olympics will be here sooner than you might realize

[15:16.24]and already work has begun in Barcelona,

[15:19.93]Spain,to prepare the Olympic facilities.

[15:24.03]It maybe still be a little early to talk about

[15:27.74]who will and who will not do well

[15:31.24]But I think it is safe to say

[15:34.74]that once again the best teams will come fromRussia,

[15:38.74]Germany, China and the United States.

[15:42.63]To my way of thinking,however,

[15:46.44]winning is not the most aspect of the Olympics.

[15:50.44]The Olympics should not be a contest to see which country has the best athletes.

[15:57.62]After all,

[15:59.29]the true spirit of the Olympics is the spirit of brotherhood 25,

[16:04.18]not the spirit of nationalism.

[16:06.97]There is no need for politics.

[16:09.98]In my opinion,

[16:11.89]there should only be one flag at the Olympics the Olympics Flag.

[16:17.08]And there is no need to play the national anthem 26 of the country

[16:22.18]whose representative has won a particular event.

[16:26.59]Another suggestion I want to make is that the distinction between amateur

[16:32.18]and professional be eliminated from the Olympics games.

[16:36.39]Everyone knows that some countries,

[16:40.28]notably Germany and Russia, pay their athletes,

[16:44.09]but,rather than  arguing about who is and who isn't an amateur,

[16:49.97]why not allow all athletes to enter.

[16:53.86]Winning is still an important consideration,

[16:57.55]but perhaps someday the biggest winner at the Olympics

[17:01.73]will be the competitor who has not the medals but the most friends.

[17:07.24]Passage 9

[17:09.12]The Amazon has been called the greatest river in the world.

[17:14.00]Only the Nile River in Egypt maybe longer,

[17:17.30]but no one is sure,

[17:19.28]because the Amazon has yet fully 27 to be explored.

[17:22.99]We do know that it begins in the Andes Mountains of Peru

[17:27.17]and flows almost 6,400 km across Brazil,

[17:32.26]down to the Atlantic Ocean.

[17:34.75]The Amazon River itself may be large,

[17:37.96]but it also has over 1,000 tributary 28 rivers and smaller streams.

[17:43.44]Seventeen of the tributaries 29 are over 1,600 km long,

[17:49.22]and this is longer than many of the greatest rivers in the world,

[17:53.61]including Europe's Rhine river.

[17:56.19]So complex is the river

[17:58.67]that many European maps still refer to it as the Amazons.

[18:03.38]A Spanish soldier,

[18:06.38]Francisco de Orellana, was the first European to explore the Amazon,

[18:11.08]between 1541 and 1542.

[18:15.08]Since then,there have been many attempts to explore the river.

[18:19.68]Many books have been written about the Amazon.

[18:22.79]A former U.S.President,

[18:25.27]Theodore Roosevelt,

[18:27.36]helped lead an expedition to explore the river between 1913 and 1914.

[18:33.44]That expedition gathered information and collected history specimens.

[18:38.72]One thing seems certain.

[18:41.83]No matter how many explorations of the Amazon there are,

[18:45.83]it will be a long time

[18:48.02]before the "greatest river in the world" reveals its secrets.

[19:33.32]Passage 10

[19:36.61]Sigmunt Freud developed his system of psychoanalysis

[19:37.63]while he was studying cases of mental illness.

[19:41.41]By examining details of the patient's life,

[19:45.02]he found that the illness could often be traced back

[19:49.22]to some definite problem or conflict

[19:52.83]within the person concerned.

[19:55.62]In 1914 he published a look named the Psychopathology of Everyday Life .

[20:02.31]This book goes a long way towards explaining some of the strange behavior of normal

[20:08.19]sane people.

[20:10.10]A glance at Freud's chapter

[20:13.28]heading will indicate some of the aspects of behavior

[20:17.57]covered by the book:

[20:19.66]Forgetting of proper names

[20:23.13]Forgetting of foreign words

[20:26.42]Childhood and concerning memories

[20:29.51]Mistakes in the reading and writing

[20:33.29]Broadly,Freud demonstrates

[20:37.68]that there are good reasons for many of the slips and errors that we make.

[20:42.85]We forget a name because,unconsciously,

[20:46.75]we do not wish to remember that name.

[20:50.25]We express a childhood memory

[20:53.15]because that memory is painful to us.

[20:56.54]A slip of the tongue

[20:59.23]or of the pen betrays a wish of which we are ashamed

[21:03.80]In these days when everyday would be doctor or writer

[21:09.29]has access to Freud's accounts of his research,

[21:13.39]it is worth pausing and remembering the remarkable 30 scope

[21:18.69]and originality 31 of his ideas.