经济学人313:欧洲航天重组 恩德斯的正当手段

　　Business

商业报道

Restructuring European aerospace 1

欧洲航天重组

Enders justifying 2 means

恩德斯的正当手段

The effort to run EADS like an ordinary company

努力像经营一个普通公司一样经营欧洲航空防务及航天公司

ARNAUD MONTEBOURG must look back on September 16th with a certain wry 3 amusement.

阿诺·蒙特堡先生回顾9月16日时一定会哭笑不得。

2_副本.jpgThat was the day the French industry minister visited Elancourt, west ofParis, where the defence arm of European Aeronautic 4 Defence & Space conducts research on cyber-security.

这一天，法国工业部长参观巴黎西部的埃朗库尔酒店，那里是欧洲航空防务和航天公司进行网络安全的研究的防御区。

The government had just publicly identified the sector 5 as one that could propel Franceto a new industrial future, and Mr Montebourg waxed lyrical on site.

政府刚刚公布确定这个部门作为一个可以推动法国新的产业未来的部门，蒙特堡先生。

Then on December 9th EADS announced that it was cutting 5,800 jobs acrossEuropeas part of a reorganisation of its defence and space activities.

12月9日EADS就宣布，它正在削减欧洲的5,800职位作为国防和空间活动的重组计划的一部分。

In the past such an announcement would have set off a barrage 6 of accusations 7, and not only from the firm's workforce 8.

在过去，这样的声明会掀起大批的指责，不仅仅是公司的员工。

Relations among the company's main government shareholders—FranceandGermany—have long been strained.

该公司的主要股东的政权，法国和德国，长期以来一直关系紧张。

Those between Tom Enders, the chief executive of EADS, and Angela Merkel,Germany's chancellor 9, are no better.

欧洲宇航防务集团的首席执行官托马斯·恩德斯和德国总理安格拉·默克尔之间的关系，也一直未见好转。

It was Mrs Merkel who stopped a proposed merger 10 last year between EADS and BAE Systems, a British defence firm.

是默克尔终止了EADS和英国防务公司BAE系统公司在去年提出的合并计划。

Mr Enders saw the deal as a way to win EADS a seat at the top table in the defence business.

恩德斯先生将这一交易看做是EADS赢得国防业务顶尖席位的一条途径。

Mrs Merkel thought it would reduce German influence over EADS and shift jobs out ofGermany.

默克尔却认为这将减少德国对ESDS的影响力，EADS的许多工作将会被转移出德国。

The merger was abandoned amid bitter recriminations, leaving Mr Enders determined 11 to transform EADS into a normal commercial company focused on the profitability of its businesses rather than the nationality of its workers.

这次放弃合使得双方都相互指责，恩德斯先生不得不下决心将EADS改造成为一个正常的商业公司，专注于各项业务的盈利能力，而非其工人的国籍。

That the mudslinging this time has been relatively 12 restrained is a sign of how far EADS has travelled down that road.

这次较为克制的诽谤已经成为欧洲宇航防务集团在这条道路上走过多远的标志。

The German economics ministry 13 asked that the cuts do not bear down disproportionately on its country, where most of the defence operations are based.

德国经济部指出这次削减难以承担德国经济不成比例的下跌，因为那里是大部分防卫作战的基础。

Mr Montebourg thought it unacceptable that a profitable company with a bulging 14 order book and state support had to cut jobs.

蒙特堡先生认为一个拥有鼓鼓订单和政府支持的盈利公司不得不裁员的理由是难以接受的。

Neither government looks likely to intervene.Francenow owns just 12% of the company,Germanyless than 11% and neither now has a veto over management decisions.

不过无论如何政府很可能要干预此事。法国目前只拥有公司的12％，德国也只有不到11％，两国都没有一票否决权的管理决策。

Both can see that, however successful EADS is these days in commercial aviation, it is too small, too cost-heavy and too Eurocentric to compete globally for defence and space business, especially at a time when developed countries are cutting their budgets.

从两方面都可以看出，虽然欧洲宇航防务集团最近在航空商业中是成功的，但对于以欧洲为中心在全球范围内为国防和空间业务构成竞争来说规模太小，花费太大了，尤其是当发达国家正在削减他们的预算的时候。

The job losses are part of a bigger reorganisation to reflect this reality.

工作损失是一个反映现实的更大的重组。

Next year EADS's four operating units will come down to three, as its existing defence and space outfits—Cassidian, Astrium and Airbus Military—are merged 15 into Airbus DS.

明年欧洲宇航防务集团的四大经营单位将回落到三个，作为其现有的国防和航天装备，卡西迪安，奥斯特里姆公司和空中客车军用将合并成空中客车公司的DS 。

EADS itself will take its name from its best-known brand, becoming Airbus Group.

EADS公司将放弃其最知名的品牌名字，成为空中客车集团。

No longer will the role of chief executive alternate between French and German bosses: Mr Enders will keep the job as long as the board wants him to remain.

他们将不会再扮演法国行政总裁候补和德国老板之间的角色：

What of the research into cyber-security that Mr Montebourg ventured out to see one September morning?

只要董事会希望他留下来，恩德斯先生将继续这项工作。

That, the company says, is here to stay.

也就是说，该公司表示，是到停下来的时候了。

1.look back 回顾；倒退

And I look back with pride and amazement 16.

而当我回顾过去时，心中充满自豪和惊叹。

Understanding the tata connection requires a look back at history.

要了解塔塔之间的种种联系需要回顾一下它的历史。

2.propel to 推至

Conversely, employees who represent the brand flawlessly and consistently can propel a business to stardom.

反过来,雇员代表和维持品牌可以推动企业不断轻声呼唤。

Experts say several factors have helped propel moocs to the center of the education stage, including improved technology and the exploding costs of traditional universities.

专家表示有几个原因把moocs网教推向了教育舞台的中央，包括科技的日新月异，还有传统大学天价的花费。

3.set off 开始；引起

Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse 17 in Connecticut.

尼科尔斯动身去他在康涅狄格州的偏僻农舍了。

The President's envoy 18 set off on another diplomatic trip.

总统的使节开始了又一次外交之旅。

4.focus on 致力于；使聚焦于

That's all you want to focus on.

你只需将你的注意力集中于此。

The project also will focus on key secreted 19 pathogenic proteins.

该项目也将集中于主要分泌性致病蛋白质。