新视野大学英语读写教程词汇 第二册 Unit 6a

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　　||<1>elegant |a.|beautiful, attractive, or graceful |优雅的；文雅的

　　||||elegant manners |文雅的举止

　　||||an elegant person |举止优雅的人

　　||<2>application |n.|1. [C, U] a formal request for sth. or for permission to do sth. |申请

　　||||Free information will be sent out on application to the office. |公司收到申请将免费提供信息。

　　||||I've sent off applications for four different jobs. |我对四份不同的工作寄出了求职信。

　　||||2. [C, U] the use of a particular method, law, process, etc. |应用；使用；运用

　　||||The theory has no application in this case. |这理论不适用于这个情况。

　　||||The design has many applications. |这项设计有很多用途。

　　||<3>　<em>impulsively</em> |ad.    |without thinking about the possible results of what one is doing |冲动地

　　||||These children tend to behave impulsively. |这些孩子的行为往往很冲动。

　　||||His early training was in the sciences and he never acts impulsively in his work. |他早期受过理科方面的训练，因此在工作中他从不冲动。

　　|@ |<4>substitute |vt.    |use sth. new or different instead of sth. else |代替；替换

　　||||We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. |我们得用新椅子代替这把破椅子。

　　||||Honey can be substituted for sugar in this recipe. |在这种烹饪法里蜂蜜能代替糖。

　　|||n.|[C] a person or thing that replaces sb. or sth. else |代替者；替代物

　　||||The manager was unable to attend but sent his secretary as a substitute. |经理不能出席，但派了他的秘书代替他出席。

　　||||The teacher's ill, so a substitute is teaching today. |老师生病了，因此今天由一位代课老师来上课。

　　|@ |<5>professional |a.     |relating to a job that needs special education and training |职业的；专业的

　　||||A lawyer or a doctor is a professional man. |律师或医生是专业人员。

　　||||Sometimes an amateur can perform as well or better than a professional. |有时候业余人员的表现与专业人员的同样好，甚至比专业人员的更好。

　　|||n.|[C] sb. who has special skills or does sth. as a job rather than for enjoyment |专业人员

　　||||She's a real professional in this field. |她是该领域真正的内行。

　　||||This house was decorated by a professional. |这房子是由专业人员装饰的。

　　||<6>talent |n. |1. [C, U] a natural ability to do sth. well |天才；天赋

　　||||Her talents are well known. |她的才华是众所周知的。

　　||||Her talent for music showed at an early age. |她小时侯就表现出了音乐方面的天赋。

　　||||2. [U] a person or people with a natural ability or skill |天才；人才

　　||||We're always looking for new talent. |我们总是在寻觅新的人才。

　　||||Promising talent is hard to find. |很难找到有发展前途的人才。

　　||<7>bible |n.|(the B~) |《圣经》

　　||||In the Bible it says that Adam and Eve were the first human beings. |圣经上说，亚当和夏娃是人类的始祖。

　　||||He studies the Bible every day. |他每天都在研习《圣经》。

　　||<8>definition |n.|[C] an exact statement of the meaning of sth. |定义；释义

　　||||Your definition of "ideal husband" is much different from mine. |你对“理想丈夫”的定义同我的定义大相径庭。

　　||||In this dictionary, definitions have been written using words from a specially chosen list. |这本字典释义所用的单词都是经过特别挑选的。

　　||<9>characteristic |a.    |(of) typical of a particular thing or of sb.'s character |特有的；典型的

　　||||Such honesty is characteristic of him. |他一向如此诚实。

　　||||With the friendly and generous care so characteristic of these people, they opened their house to over fifty guests. |这些人本性乐善好施，他们在家里接待了五十多个客人。

　　|||n.|[C] a quality or feature of sb. or sth. that is typical of them |特点，特征

　　||||Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. |基因决定了每种生物的特征。

　　||||What characteristics separate Americans from Canadians? |美国人和加拿大人的性格特点有什么不同？

　　||<10>　<em>descriptive</em> |a.     |giving a description of sth. |描写的；描述的

　　||||He teaches descriptive linguistics at a university. |他在大学教描写语言学。

　　||||a descriptive passage in a novel |小说里的一段描写

　　|@ |<11>approval |n. |1. [U] the fact of believing sth. is good or right |赞成；同意

　　||||Do the plans meet with your approval? |你赞成这些计划吗？

　　||||Sam always tried hard to win his father's approval. |萨姆总是想尽办法去获得父亲的同意。

　　||||2. [U] official permission |批准；认可

　　||||The president's approval of the deal was vital. |总统的批准对这份协议是至关重要的。

　　||||I need the approval of the government to travel abroad. |我需要获得政府的批准才能去国外旅行。

　　||<12>　<em>disapproval</em> |n.     |[U] a feeling of not approving of sb. or sth. |反对；不赞成

　　||||Although they said nothing, she could sense their disapproval. |虽然他们没说什么，她能感觉到他们并不赞同。

　　||||He expressed his disapproval of what they had done. |他表示自己并不赞同他们的所作所为。

　　|@ |<13>reserve |n.     |1. [U] the quality of self-control or restraint |克制，拘谨

　　||||He was a man of such reserve that not even his closest friends really understood him. |他是一个很克制的人，甚至他最亲密的朋友都难以真正理解他。

　　||||A few drinks broke through his reserve. |几杯酒下肚他就放开了。

　　||||2. [C] (usu. pl.) sth. kept or saved for later use |储备物

　　||||the gold reserve |黄金储备

　　||||I have a reserve of food in case of emergency. |我储备了些粮食，以防万一。

　　|||vt.|1. keep sth. for a particular purpose |保留；储备

　　||||I reserve Mondays for cleaning up my desk and answering letters. |我留出周一来清理书桌，答复信件。

　　||||Reserve your strength for the climb. |留点力气爬山吧。

　　||||2. arrange for a place in a hotel, restaurant, plane, etc. to be kept for sb. to use later |预定

　　||||I rang the hotel to reserve a double room for a week. |我打电话给旅馆，预定一间双人房，为期一周。

　　||||If you get there early, please reserve a seat for me. |如果你先到，请给我预定一个座位。

　　||<14>　<em>plainness</em> |n.   |[U] lacking beauty or attractiveness |不好看；平常

　　||||the obvious plainness of the young lady |相貌平平的年轻女子

　　||||The plainness of these houses discourages many prospective buyers. |这些房子很难看，使许多潜在的买主望而却步。

　　|@ |<15>convey |vt. |communicate or express sth., with or without using words |传达；表达

　　||||The manufacturer has used posters and produced a video to convey the message to prospective buyers. |为了把信息传达给潜在的顾客，制造商张贴出广告，并制作了一盘录像。

　　||||His music conveys a sense of optimism. |他的音乐表达出一种乐观情绪。

　　|@ |<16>specific |a.|1. particular |特有的；特定的

　　||||The money is to be used for a specific purpose: the building of the new theatre. |这笔款将专款专用：兴建新剧院。

　　||||They seem to have no specific plans for dealing with the problem. |他们似乎没有特别的计划来处理这问题。

　　||||2. detailed and exact |具体的；明确的

　　||||I asked you a specific question. Please give me a specific answer. |我问你一个具体问题，请给我明确的回答。

　　||||Are you doing anything specific this weekend? |这个周末你有什么具体的事情要做？

　　|@ |<17>latter |a.     |being the second of two people or things |（两者中）后者的

　　||||There are plastic and wooden garden chairs but the latter ones are more expensive. |花园椅有塑料和木制的两种，不过后者贵些。

　　||||Of ham and beef, I like the latter meat better. |在火腿和牛肉两者之间，我更喜欢后者。

　　|||n.|(the ~) the second of two people or things just mentioned |（两者中的）后者

　　||||We have to make the kitchen and the hall more attractive. I'd rather do the latter first. |我们得把厨房和客厅装饰得更漂亮些──我情愿先装饰客厅。

　　||||Many support the former plan, but personally I'm for the latter. |许多人支持前面那个计划，但我个人赞同后者。

　　|@ |<18>qualify |v. |(make) have the necessary skills, knowledge, ability, etc. to do sth. |（使）有资格；取得资格

　　||||I won't qualify until next year. |我要到明年才够格。

　　||||Being a single parent qualifies you for extra benefits. |作为一个单身父 (母) 亲，你有权获得额外的福利金。

　　|@ |<19>critic |n. |[C] sb. whose job is to judge the good and bad qualities of literary or artistic works |评论家；批评家

　　||||She's a film critic for <em>the Irish Times</em>. |她是《爱尔兰时报》的一名电影评论家。

　　||||He is a renowned literary critic. |他是著名的文学评论家。

　　||<20>prominent |a.|well-known and important |重要的；知名的

　　||||a prominent magazine |著名杂志

　　||||The government should be playing a more prominent role in improving public traffic. |政府应该在改善公共交通方面发挥更大的作用。

　　|& |<21>by-line |n. |[C] a line at the beginning of an article that gives the writer's name |作者署名处

　　||||The essays published in this section usually carry no by-lines. |发表在这个专栏里的文章通常不署名。

　　||||She is a financial journalist with her own by-line. |她是金融记者，写文章都署名。

　　|@ |<22>refine |vt. |1. make sb. become more elegant |使变得文雅

　　||||Delia has been refined. You can't imagine she is now an elegant lady. |德丽娅变文雅了。你想象不到她现在已是一位优雅的女士了。

　　||||refine one's language |使某人的语言更为文雅

　　||||2. make a substance pure |提炼；精炼

　　||||refining processes |精炼过程

　　||||Oil is industrially refined. |燃油是经过工业提炼的。

　　||<23>　<em>refined</em>|a.|polite and seeming to be well-educated or to belong to a high social class |有教养的；高雅的

　　||||She is a woman of refined manners. |她举止文雅。

　　||||She is so refined that she never loses her temper in public. |她非常有教养，从不在公共场合发脾气。

　　|@ |<24>attractive |a. |pleasing to the eye or mind |动人的；有吸引力的

　　||||She's so attractive, but I'd never dare ask her out. |她非常美丽动人，但我始终没有勇气邀她出去。

　　||||The pay they're offering is very attractive, but I still don't want the job. |他们给的薪水很有吸引力，但我还是不想要这份工作。

　　|@ |<25>impressive |a. |having a strong effect on sb. |使人印象深刻的

　　||||There are some very impressive buildings in the town. |城里一些建筑物给人留下非常深刻的印象。

　　||||His speech is the most impressive. |他的演讲最感人。

　　||<26>stereotype |vt.    |have fixed unfair ideas about sb. or sth. |对...有成见；把...模式化

　　||||The study says that British advertisements stereotype women. |该项研究说，英国的广告对妇女抱有成见。

　　||||The police have been criticized for having stereotyped images of black people. |有人批评警方对黑人有成见。

　　|||n.|[C] a belief or idea of what a particular type of person or thing is like |模式化的思想

　　||||He doesn't fit the national stereotype of a Frenchman. |他与法国人的固有形象大相径庭。

　　||||The characters in the book are just stereotypes. |这书中的角色都很老套。

　　||<27>extent |n.|[sing., U] the degree to which sth. happens |程度

　　||||To some extent you are correct. |在某种程度上你是对的。

　　||||To what extent can he be believed? |他有多可信？

　　|@ |<28>confess |v. |1. admit sth. that one is embarrassed about |承认

　　||||I'm rather bored, I must confess. |我不得不承认我有点厌烦了。

　　||||I'm afraid that I've got something to confess: I've broken your vase. |恐怕有件事我得告诉你──我打破了你的花瓶。

　　||||2. admit, esp. to the police, that one has done sth. wrong or illegal |供认；招供

　　||||Eventually she confessed to the police. |最后她终于向警方认罪。

　　||||After hours of interrogation, he confessed everything. |经过数小时的审问，他全部招供了。

　　||<29>carpenter |n.|[C] sb. whose job is making and repairing wooden objects |木匠，木工

　　||||We've found a good carpenter to build some bookcases for us. |他们找了个好木匠为我们做一些书橱。

　　||<30>physicist |n.|[C] a scientist trained in physics |物理学家

　　||||Two American physicists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics this year. |两位美国物理学家获得今年的诺贝尔物理奖。

　　||||She's one of the few women physicists in the country. |她是国内仅有的几名女物理学家之一。

　　||<31>Pope |n.|[C] ( the ~) |教皇

　　||||Pope John Paul II |教皇约翰·保罗二世

　　||<32>nursery |n.|[C] a place where children are cared for while their parents are at work |托儿所

　　||||Their two children have been going to a nursery since they were small babies. |他们的两个孩子从婴儿时起就一直上托儿所。

　　||||It was a room that might, in time, become a nursery. |这个房间到时候可以用做托儿室。

　　||<33>　<em>nursery school</em> |n.     |[C] a school for children between the ages of three and five |幼儿园

　　||||Christine has been a nursery school teacher for 27 years. |克里斯汀当幼儿园老师已经有27年了。

　　||||Her son attends a nursery school in the church. |她儿子在教会办的一家幼儿园里上学。

　　||<34>thoughtful |a. |1. engaged in thought |深思的；思考的

　　||||The doctor gave a thoughtful look and then started to write something on the paper. |医生若有所思地看了一眼，开始在纸上写了起来。

　　||||When Beth is writing a letter, she looks thoughtful. |当贝思写信时，她看上去像在沉思。

　　||||2. showing care for the need of others |体贴的；考虑周到的

　　||||She's a very thoughtful person. |她是个很体贴别人的人。

　　||||Thank you for phoning to see if I was feeling better—it was very thoughtful of you. |谢谢你打电话问我是否觉得好点了──你真关心人。

　　|@|<35>creature |n.|[C] a living thing or being, esp. a person or an animal |生物；人

　　||||John is a strange creature. |约翰是个怪人。

　　||||We could see amazing creatures through the glass in the bottom of the boat. |透过船底的玻璃我们可以看到一些惊人的生物。

　　||<36>award |vt.    |give sb. sth. as a reward for what they have done |授予；给予

　　||||The university has awarded Jane $500 for travel. |学校给予简500美元旅行补助。

　　||||She was awarded a medal for bravery. |她因勇敢而被授予一枚奖章。

　　|||n.|[C] sth. given to sb. as a reward for sth. they have done |奖金；奖品

　　||||an award ceremony |颁奖仪式

　　||||They gave an award of $900 to each of the winners. |他们给予每位获胜者900美元作奖励。

　　||<37>Dr. |abbr. |(doctor 的缩略词) |博士；医生

　　||||Dr. Li is a professor of mathematics at a Korean university. |李博士是韩国一所大学的数学教授。

　　||||Dr. Wang works in this hospital. |王医生在这所医院工作。

　　|@ |<38>objective |a.  |based on facts, or making a decision that is based on facts |客观的

　　||||How can you make an objective decision if she's your own daughter? |如果她是你女儿，你怎么可能做出客观的决定呢？

　　||||It is an objective report. |这是一篇客观的报道。

　　|||n.|[C] what one tries hard to do or achieve |目标

　　||||Her main objective now is to become an internationally famous scientist. |她现在的主要目标是成为国际知名的科学家。

　　||||I don't know what his objectives were in making such a criticism? |我不知道他这样指责的目的是什么？

　　||<39>　<em>objectively</em> |ad.    |based on facts |客观地

　　||||Are the laws of physics objectively true? |物理定律在客观上都正确吗？

　　||||Judges are supposed to judge each case objectively. |法官应公正处理每一个案子。

　　||<40>appealing |a.|attractive; inviting |吸引人的；悦人的

　　||||The idea of a whole week on the beach is very appealing. |在海边度假一周，这个主意挺吸引人的。

　　||||Having someone to do all my cleaning for me was an appealing prospect. |有人帮我做清洁，这想法挺诱人的。

　　||<41>popularity |n.|[U] the state of being liked or supported by a lot of people |受欢迎；流行

　　||||Prolonged recession and high unemployment knocked his popularity down to rock-bottom. |经济长期衰退，失业率也很高，这些使他的受欢迎程度降到了最低。

　　||||Margaret has profited from her own popularity among her film fans. |玛格丽特因深受影迷欢迎而获利。

　　|@ |<42>despair |vi.    |feel that there is no hope at all |失望；绝望

　　||||We've despaired of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months. |我们对他非常失望，没有哪个工作他能干半年以上。

　　||||Don't despair! We'll find a way out! |不要绝望！我们会找到解决办法的！

　　|||n.|[U] a feeling that one has no hope at all |失望；绝望

　　||||He gave up the struggle in despair. |他绝望地放弃了斗争。

　　||||To the despair of her teachers, Nicole never does the work that she's told him to do. |尼科尔从来不做布置给他的作业，令老师们感到很失望。

　　|@ |<43>label |n.|1. [C] a word or phrase describing sb. or sth. |称号；绰号

　　||||A critic called her first novel "super-romantic" and the label has stuck. |一位评论家称她的第一部小说为 “超级浪漫小说”，于是这雅号就传下来了。

　　||||"Middle-class" is the label generally applied to this magazine. |人们一般用“中产阶级” 这个词来形容这本杂志。

　　||||2. [C] a piece of paper or another material that is attached to sth. and gives information about it |标签

　　||||I read the information on the label before deciding which to buy. |我先看标签上的说明，然后再决定买哪一种。

　　||||Remember to put some address labels on the suitcases. |记住在衣箱上贴几张地址标签。

　　|||vt.|1. use a word or phrase to describe sb. or sth. |把...归类；描述

　　||||His work is difficult to label precisely. |他的工作难以准确描述。

　　||||We shouldn't label these boys as criminals so early in their lives. |我们不应该把这些男孩子早早地归为罪犯，他们的人生道路还长着呢。

　　||||2. put a label on an object |给...加标签

　　||||He was busy labeling all the bottles of wine that he'd made that year. |他忙着往所有装那一年酿的酒的瓶子上贴标签。

　　||||This jam is labeled "apple and banana". |这瓶果酱上贴着“苹果和香蕉”的标签。

　　<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>

　　||<44>fill out |write necessary information on an official document, form,  etc. |填写

　　|||All the applicants for the job must fill out this form. |所有申请这一工作的人都要填写这张表。

　　|||Please fill out your check and sign it. |请填写你的支票并在上面签字。

　　||<45>if only|used for saying that sth. is good only for a limited purpose or time |就算...都行；哪怕...也好

　　|||Just call her, if only to say that you are sorry. |给她打电话吧，哪怕就告诉她你感到很抱歉也好啊。

　　||<46>for better or (for) worse |whether the result is good or bad |无论好坏；不管怎样

　　|||It's been done, and for better or worse, we can't change it now. |木已成舟，好也罢，坏也罢，我们现在已无法改变。

　　|||I decided to follow her advice, for better or worse. |不管怎样我都决定采纳她的意见。

　　||<47>even so |in spite of this |即使如此；尽管这样

　　|||There are many spelling mistakes; even so it's quite a good essay. |虽然有很多拼写错误，但这仍不失为一篇相当不错的文章。

　　|||I had a terrible headache, but even so I went to the concert. |我头痛得厉害，但我还是去了音乐会。

　　||<48>turn down |refuse to accept an offer or request |拒绝

　　|||He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health. |他想参军，但因身体不好被拒绝了。

　　|||Why was I turned down for the job? Is it because I'm a woman? |为什么不让我做那项工作？因为我是一个女人吗？

　　||<49>come up to |move toward sb. |走近，靠近

　　|||A man came up to me and asked for a match. |一名男子走到我跟前向我借火柴。

　　|||She came up to me and laughed. |她朝我走来，哈哈大笑。

　　||<50>press for |try in a determined way to get sth. |催促；竭力争取

　　|||The chairman is pressing for improved working conditions. |主席一再要求改善工作条件。

　　|||Many parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened. |许多家长一直迫切要求重开当地那所学校。

　　||<51>ill at ease |uncomfortable; not relaxed |不自在

　　|| |Pat was ill at ease with his family, wondering whether or not to announce his news. |帕特和家人在一起很不自在，不知是否要宣布他的事。

　　|| |She was ill at ease when she was criticized by her mother. |母亲批评她的时候，她觉得非常难堪。

　　||<52>free from |not containing or involving sth. unpleasant |无...的；不涉及...的

　　|||Is the President free from prejudice? |总统不会有偏见吧？

　　|||Make sure the wound is free from dirt. |保证伤口不沾上污物。

　　||<53>take charge of |take control and become responsible for sb. or sth. |负责；管理

　　||    |The department was badly organized until she took charge of it. |在她负责以前，这个部门的管理是一团糟。

　　||    |The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away. |老板让他在她离开时掌管办公室几天。

　　||<54>be stuck with  |be forced to have or use sth. |被迫拥有或使用

　　||    |We were stuck with relatives who came to stay with us the whole holiday. |亲戚来我们家了，我们整个暑假都得和他们呆在一起。

　　||    |The landlady didn't allow us to make any change to her house, so we were stuck with the tasteless decoration. |房东不让我们随意更改房子的任何一处，因此我们不得不忍受这没品味的装修了。

　　<TITLE>Proper Names</TITLE>

　　||<55>Debbie | |黛比（人名）

　　||<56>Lynne | |琳恩（人名）

　　||<57>Webster | |韦伯斯特（人名）

　　||<58>Joe | |乔（人名）

　　||<59>Arthur | |阿瑟（人名）

　　||<60>Adrian | |艾德里安（人名）

　　||<61>Susan| |苏珊（人名）

　　||<62>Harry | |哈里（人名）

　　||<63>Nigel | |奈杰尔（人名）

　　||<64>Bertha | |伯莎（人名）

　　||<65>Mel | |梅尔（人名）

　　||<66>Julian | |朱利安（人名）

　　||<67>Rory | |罗里（人名）

　　||<68>Herbert Harari | |赫伯特·哈拉里（人名）

　　||<69>San Diego | |圣迭戈 (美国加利福尼亚州西南部港市)

　　||<70>John McDavid | |约翰·麦克戴维（人名）

　　||<71>Elmer | |埃尔默（人名）

　　||<72>Hubert | |休伯特（人名）

　　||<73>Michael | |迈克尔（人名）

　　||<74>Thomas V. Busse | |托马斯·V.布塞（人名）

　　||<75>Louisa Seraydarian | |路易莎·瑟拉里达里安（人名）

　　||<76>Linda | |琳达（人名）

　　||<77>Diane | |黛安（人名）

　　||<78>Barbara | |芭芭拉（人名）

　　||<79>Carol | |卡罗尔（人名）

　　||<80>Cindy | |辛迪（人名）