新视野大学英语读写教程词汇 第二册 Unit 4b

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<TITLE>New Words</TITLE>

|@|<1>whip  |n.|[C] a long piece of rope or leather fastened to a handle, used for driving animals or punishing people |鞭子

||  ||She beat the horse with her long whip. |她用长长的鞭子抽打着马。

||  ||There's a shop over there where you can buy whips. |那儿有一家商店，你可以在那里买鞭子。

||<2>chamber 1  |n.|[C] a room used for a special purpose |特殊用途的房间

||  ||It's justified 2 to send the murderer into the gas chamber considering his horrifying 3 crimes. |考虑到那个杀人犯的恶行，他被送进毒气室是罪有应得。

||  ||Dan was taken to the torture chamber by guards. |丹被保镖带到了刑讯室。

||<3>security  |n.|[U] the state of being protected against dangers |安全；平安

||  ||the security of a good home and loving family |美好的家庭和相亲相爱的家人带来的安全

||  ||They do not have security in their work. |他们对工作没有安全感。

||<4>rifle  |n.|[C] |来复枪；步枪

||  ||The guard picked up the rifle and shot at him. |警卫抓起步枪就向他开枪。

||  ||Rifles are designed to be accurate at long distances. |步枪的设计是为了保证远程精确射击。

||<5>mechanical |a.|1. (of an action, reply, etc.) done without thinking |机械的；不动脑筋的

||  ||The children were being taught to read in a mechanical way. |孩子们正接受那种公式化的阅读方式。

||  ||He played the piano in a dull and mechanical way. |他钢琴弹得非常呆板笨拙。

||  ||2. involving a machine |机械的；机械方面的

||  ||The plane appeared to have crashed because of a mechanical problem. |这架飞机似乎是由于机械故障而坠毁的。

||  ||The museum has a good range of mechanical toys. |这家博物馆的机械玩具收藏相当可观。

||<6>　<em>mechanically</em> |ad.  |done in a mechanical manner |机械地；不动脑筋地

||  ||The student answered the questions mechanically. |学生机械地回答那些问题。

||  ||The soldiers marched on the ground mechanically according to the orders given by the officer. |士兵们根据上司的命令在操场上机械地行进。

||<7>landscape  |n.|1. [C] an area of land that is beautiful to look at |风景；景色

||  ||a mountainous landscape |山区景色

||  ||The landscape was destroyed by coal mining. |自然景观由于挖煤而受到了破坏。

||  ||2. [C] a painting of an area of land |风景画

||  ||a watercolor landscape |一幅水彩风景画

||  ||Turner is one of Britain's best-known landscape painters. |特纳是英国最著名的风景画家之一。

|@|<8>kneel  |vi.|put one or both knees on the ground |跪下

||  ||She knelt down on the grass to examine a flower. |她跪在草地上观察一朵花。

||  ||She knelt down and tried to see under the door. |她跪下来，想从门下面张望。

||<9>timber  |n.|[U] wood used for building or other purposes |木材；木料

||  ||Much timber was destroyed in the forest fire. |许多木材在这次森林大火中烧毁了。

||  ||These trees are being grown for timber. |这些树是供采伐而种植的。

||<10>item  |n.|[C] a single article of sth. |条；项；项目

||  ||The restaurant has a long menu of about 50 items. |这家餐馆的菜单很长，大约有50个品种。

||  ||The museum displayed several items from the Ming Dynasty. |博物馆展出数件中国明朝时期的物品。

||<11>gravity  |n.|[U] the force that causes sth. to fall to the ground |引力；重力

||  ||Gravity acts within and between stars, planets and spacecrafts. |万有引力作用于恒星、行星和宇宙飞船内部和彼此之间。

||  ||Anything that is dropped falls towards the centre of the earth because of the pull of gravity. |因为重力的缘故，掉下来的东西都向着地心方向坠落。

||<12>fairy  |n.|[C] an imaginary creature with magic powers, which looks like a small person |小仙子；小精灵

||  ||fairy tale |神话，童话

||  ||She used to think there were fairies at the bottom of her garden. |她以前一直认为她的花园下头藏着小精灵。

||<13>toll 4  |n.|1. [sing.] the number of people killed or injured in a particular accident, by a particular illness, etc. |伤亡人数

||  ||The attack took a heavy toll. |这场袭击造成了大量的伤亡。

||  ||The death toll on the roads at Christmas is usually heavy. |圣诞节期间因道路交通事故的伤亡人数很高。

||  ||2. [C] money one pays for using a road, bridge, etc. |通行费

||  ||On some roads and some car ferries there is a toll, ranging from $20 to $50. |有些公路和载车渡口需要收取一定的通行费，从20到50美元不等。

||  ||You have to pay a toll for driving on this road. |上这条公路开车，你得交路费。

|@|<14>stain  |v.|make a mark on sth. in a way that is hard to remove |染污；沾污

||  ||His shirt was stained with blood. |他的衬衫上沾有血迹。

||  ||He had smoked for so many years that his teeth were permanently 5 stained yellow. |他吸了这么多年烟，牙齿都被熏黄，刷不干净了。

||  |n.|[C] a mark that is hard to remove |污迹；污斑

||  ||You can remove a red wine stain from a carpet with salt. |你可以用盐去除地毯上红葡萄酒的污迹。

||  ||The police found bloodstains on the suspect's clothes. |警方在嫌疑犯的衣服上发现了血迹。

||<15>crystal  |n.|[C, U] rock that is transparent 6 like ice |水晶

||  ||The physical structure of crystals is fascinating. |水晶的物理结构非常迷人。

||  ||Crystals are arranged in geometric patterns. |水晶以几何形状构成。

|@|<16>product  |n.|[C] sth. that is made in a factory, grown, or taken from nature |产品；制品

||  ||We have to find the right product for the market. |我们要找出合适市场需要的产品。

||  ||The finished product should look very much like this design. |成品应该与这图样十分接近。

||<17>magnetic  |a.|1. connected with or produced by magnet |磁的；磁性的

||  ||The iron has lost its magnetic force. |这块铁已失去了磁力。

||  ||An iron bar can be made magnetic by wrapping wire around it and passing an electric current through the wire. |可以通过在铁棒上缠绕电线并通电的方法使其具有磁性。

||  ||2. having a powerful attraction |有魅力的；吸引人的

||  ||She was the most magnetic speaker I have ever listened to. |她是我所听过的演讲者中最有吸引力的一位。

||  ||His magnetic personality made him a powerful political figure. |他很有魅力，这使他成为一位强有力的政治人物。

|@|<18>trace  |n.|1. [C] a very small amount of sth. |微量；少量

||  ||There are traces of poison in the dead man's blood. |死者的血液里有少量毒药成分。

||  ||There was a trace of jealousy 7 in her voice. |她话音里微带嫉妒。

||  ||2. [C] a sign showing that sb. or sth. was present or existed |踪迹，痕迹

||  ||The child's body showed the traces of having been beaten. |这个孩子的身上露出挨过打的痕迹。

||  ||The police found traces of struggle in the room. |警察发现房间里有搏斗过的痕迹。

||<19>precision |n.|[U] the quality of being precise |精确，准确

||  ||Great precision is required in this aspect. |这方面需要极高的准确性。

||  ||Scientific instruments have to be made with great precision. |科学仪器必须制造得非常精密。

|@|<20>descend  |v.|move down from a higher level |下降，下落

||  ||We turned the corner and saw that the road descended 8 sharply. |我们转过弯，看到路陡然下斜。

||  ||The sun descended over the western hills. |日落西山。

||<21>accustomed|a. |taking sth. as normal or natural because you have experienced it many times |习惯了的

||  ||They became accustomed to living together. |他们已经习惯了住在一起。

||  ||It took me a long time to get accustomed. |我花了很长时间才习惯。

||<22>diet  |n.|[C, U] the food and drink one usu. takes |日常饮食

||  ||The peasants live on a diet of rice and vegetables. |农民的日常食物是米饭和蔬菜。

||  ||Poor diet is a cause of ill health. |健康差是因为饮食差。

|@|<23>scenery  |n.|[U] the natural features of an area, such as mountains, rivers, forests, etc. |景色，风景

||  ||spectacular scenery |壮观的景色

||  ||They stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery. |他们在山顶驻足欣赏风景。

||<24>prosperity |n.|[U] the state of being successful or rich |繁荣；富裕

||  ||The war was followed by a long period of peace and prosperity. |战争结束后有一段很长时间的和平和繁荣。

||  ||A country's future prosperity depends, to a degree, upon the quality of education of its people. |从某种意义上讲 一个国家未来的繁荣，取决于其国民的受教育质量。

||<25>aluminum 9  |n.|[U] (BrE  aluminum) |铝

||  ||It's light, because it's made from aluminum, not from steel. |它很轻，因为是用铝而不是用钢制造的。

||  ||As with glass, aluminum can be recycled over and over again. |跟玻璃一样，铝可以一次次回收利用。

||<26>installation |n.  |[U] the act of installing a piece of equipment somewhere |安装

||  ||The installation cost for the washing machine will be small. |洗衣机的安装费很少。

||  ||Hundreds of lives could be saved if the installation of alarms were more widespread. |要是能更大范围地安装报警器，数百人的生命可以被拯救。

||<27>recycle  |v.|treat waste materials so that they can be used again |回收利用

||  ||It is printed on recycled paper. |它是印在再生纸上的。

||  ||Don't throw away your plastic bags—recycle them! |不要扔掉塑料购物袋，再利用它们吧！

||<28>　<em>recycling</em> |n. |[U] the process of treating waste materials so that they can be used again |回收利用

||  ||Recycling of old computers helps to reduce pollution. |旧电脑的回收利用有助于降低污染。

||  ||Recycling may be a very profitable business. |废旧用品的回收可能是一桩赚钱的行业。

|@|<29>insurance |n.|[U] an arrangement with a company in which you pay them money each year and they pay you if sth. bad happened to you |保险

||  ||insurance agent |保险代理人

||  ||He sells life insurance. |他兜揽人寿保险生意。

|@|<30>reluctant |a.|unwilling and therefore slow to do sth. |不情愿的；勉强的

||  ||He gave a reluctant smile. |他勉强地笑了笑。

||  ||She was very reluctant to admit the truth. |她很不情愿地承认了事实真相。

||<31>　<em>reluctantly</em> |ad.   |unwillingly |不情愿地；勉强地

||  ||Reluctantly he agreed to go to the concert. |他很不情愿地答应去听音乐会。

||  ||They reluctantly decided 10 to sell their home. |他们很不情愿地决定卖掉房子。

||<32>exile  |vt.|force sb. to leave their country, esp. for political reasons |放逐，流放

||  ||She was exiled from her country because of her part in the plot against the government. |她因参与反政府阴谋而被放逐国外。

||  ||The president was exiled for life. |总统被终身放逐。

||  |n.|[sing., U] a situation in which sb. is exiled |放逐，流放

||  ||The president went into exile abroad in 1999 because of the political situation in his own country. |总统由于其本国的政治情况而于1999年被流亡国外。

||  ||After many years of exile thousands of families will now be able to return to their homeland. |流亡多年之后，数千个家庭现在终于能够返回祖国了。

|@|<33>specify  |v.|state sth. in an exact and detailed 11 way |明确说明；指明

||  ||It is specified 12 that you may use a dictionary in the examination. |按规定考试时可使用辞典。

||  ||She specified blue for the bedroom windows. |她指定卧室的窗户用蓝色。

||<34>tedious  |a.|boring, tiring, and continuing for a long time |冗长的；乏味的

||  ||The work is tedious. |这个工作真乏味。

||  ||We had to sit through several tedious speeches. |我们不得不耐着性子听完那几个冗长乏味的发言。

|@|<35>embrace  |v.|hold sb.  into one's arms in a friendly or loving way |拥抱

||  ||She embraced her son before leaving. |她临行前拥抱了儿子。

||  ||They embraced each other warmly. |他们互相热烈地拥抱。

||  |vt.|include sth. as part of a subject |包括，涉及

||  ||The term "humankind" embraces men, women, and children. |“人类”一词涵盖了男人、女人和儿童。

||  ||We're trying to develop an all-embracing policy which deals with every element of education. |我们正试着制订一项全面政策，以解决教育各方面的问题。

||  |n.|[C] an act of holding sb. closely as a sign of love |拥抱

||  ||He held her in a warm embrace. |他热烈地拥抱她。

||  ||They greeted each other with a warm embrace. |他们以热烈的拥抱互致问候。

<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>

||<36>from day to day|in a way that changes quickly or often |天天

|||Things change from day to day. |事情一天天地变化。

|||He just lived from day to day without seeking to plan ahead. |他就这么日复一日地过着，不为今后作些计划。

||<37>from hour to hour|continuously or all the time |不停地；一直地

|||Her moods change from hour to hour. |她的心情变幻莫测。

|||The price of the stock is rising from hour to hour. |这只股票的价格不断上涨。

||<38>on occasion |sometimes but not often |有时；偶尔

|||We go to New York on occasion. |我们时不时去纽约玩。

|||We no longer keep up the close friendship of a few years ago, though we still visit each other on occasion. |我们已不像几年前那样关系密切，但是偶尔也会去看望对方。

||<39>take its toll on|have a bad effect on sb. or sth. |损害；破坏

|||The storm took its toll on the village. |暴风雨给小村造成大面积破坏。

|||Too much hard work has taken its toll on his health. |辛苦的工作严重损害了他的健康。

||<40>cling to|continue to believe sth., even though it may not be true |坚持；忠于

|||Always cling to your beliefs. |要永远坚持你的信念。

|||She clung to the hope that her son was not dead. |她还抱着希望，相信自己儿子没死。

||<41>lose control |no longer have control over oneself |失去控制

|||He lost all control when he heard the good news. |听到这个好消息，他完全失去了控制。

|||She got so angry that she lost control. |她愤怒得失去了控制。

||<42>be/become accustomed to (doing) sth. |be or become used to (doing) sth. |习惯于（做）某事

|||The old man has been accustomed to the life in country. |老人已习惯了乡下的生活。

|||He has become accustomed to getting up early. |他已习惯早起。

||<43>a far cry from |completely different from |与...相距很远；与...大相径庭

|||His last statement is a far cry from his first story. |他最后的陈述与他最先的说法大相径庭。

|||The state of affairs in the country is a far cry from what it used to be a few years ago. |该国的事态与几年前大不一样了。

||<44>have sth. in common |share interests, characteristics, etc. |有共同之处

|||Tom and I have nothing in common. |汤姆和我毫无共同之处。

|||They have little in common. |他们没有多少共同之处。

||<45>on earth   |(used for adding emphasis to questions) ever |到底；究竟

|||How on earth did she manage that? |她究竟怎么办到的呢？

|||What on earth are you talking about? |你们到底在谈什么呢？

<TITLE>Proper Names</TITLE>

||<46>Nazi | |（德国）纳粹党员

||<47>Jew | |犹太人；犹太教徒

||<48>Herman | |赫尔曼 （人名）

||<49>Roma | |罗玛 （人名）