考研翻译基础--长句的译法
时间:2019-02-04 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
长句的翻译实际上是多种翻译方法的综合应用,在翻译时,考生首先要弄清原文结构,找出中心思想及各层意思,分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系,再按照汉语特点和表达方式正确译出,不拘泥于原文的形式。常用的方法有顺序法、逆序法、分译法、综合法等。
例1:The Committee prepared this paper because its members recognized that the government has failed to establish an energy policy capable of providing a comprehensive energy source that can meet our requirements for the last portion of this century and the greater portion of the next.
简析:如时间或逻辑顺序与中文表达一致,可采用顺译法。这句话有四个句子组成,一个从属一个,为一种纵向关系,所以顺序译法。第3句由于capable引导的词组较长,中间还有动名词providing作为定语,置于所修饰的名词policy之后,译的时候为紧凑可置于policy之前。
译文:该委员会制订这份文件,是因为该委员会的成员看到政府已不能制订一个能够提供全面,以满足我们在本世纪和下大半世纪的需要。
例2:Primary colors are colors in terms of which all other colors may be described, or from which all other colors may be evolved by mixture.
简析:若原文的次序与汉语表达习惯不同,或完全相反,汉译时可采用逆译法。在英语中,名词、代词、形容词或动名词作定语时一般放在所修饰名词前面;从句和各种短语作定语时则放在所修饰的名词之后。汉语却不同,它的定语统统放在所修饰的词之前,故翻译时,需对原文结构的排列顺序作部分调整。本句有两限制性定语从句,均逆译。
译文:原色这种颜色,就是所有其他颜色可以用它们来表示或者可用它们来配制的色。
例3:The great difficulty of introducing radically 1 new computer architectures which requires customers to rewrite most of their software excluded the possibility for these techniques to find their way to the commercial marketplace.
简析:分析也称拆译,就是把一些曲折层叠的长复合句拆成短句,再分别进行翻译。 本句的主语是带介词短语,其中又套有定语从句的复杂结构,难以直译。译文只好打散原文句子的结构,重新组合,先把定语从句拆出分译,再把“great difficulty”抽出来译,独立构成一词,才使得译文通顺流畅。
译文:采用全新的计算机体系结构,势必要求用户改写其大部分软件,因此难以付诸实现,这就排除了这种技术进入商品市场的可能性。
例4:To head the development division they chose a forty-year-old engineer, Kenicai Yamamoto, who in the succeeding few years emerged as one of the handful of the handful of Men---Froede, Bentele, Bensinger of Daimler-Benzs---who have made major contributions to rotary 2 technology.
简析:当前3种译法都感不便时,便可以进行综合处理,或按时间先后,或按逻辑顺序,有顺有逆、有主有次地进行分译。本句以关联who承上启下,首尾相接。汉语则必须分开分家,独立成句,因此必然重复出现上句中的有关的词。
译文:为了领导这个开发部,他们选择了一个40岁的工程师山本健。他在以后的几年中,成了少数几个名人――福来迪、本特尔、戴姆勒-奔驰公司的本辛格-之一,这些人对转子技术都作出了重大贡献。
下面我们还是来做些习题来巩固一下今天学习的内容吧:
1. On August 1, the gunboat began her mission, which was, in the eyes of the defenders 3, a provocative 4 act and seemed to be part of the overall assault which had begun on July 31.
2. The method normally employed for free electrons to be produced in electron tubes is thermionic emission 5, in which advantage is taken of the fact, if a solid body is heated sufficiently 6, some of the electrons that it contains will escape from its surface into the surrounding space.
3. The site at Poverty, Louisiana, has been known to archeologists since the early 1900s, but it wasn’t until 1953, when aerial photographs were taken, that the ridge 7 pattern was first spotted 8.
4. By the middle of the year, he warned, the Soviet 9 Union would overtake the United States in the number of landbased strategic missiles, the result of a massive Soviet effort beginning in the mid-1960s, after the Cuban fiasco, to achieve at least parit and possibly superiority in nuclear weapons.
参考译文:
1、.8月1日炮舰开始执行任务。在防御者看来,这是一次挑衅行动,而且似乎是7月31日开始的全面攻击的一个组成部分。
2、将固体加热到足够温度时,它所含电子就有一部分离开表面,飞逸到周围空间中,这种现象叫做热离子放射。电子管就是利用这种方法来产生自由电子的。
3、考古学家早在本世纪初就已知道路易斯安那州波佛迪波安特的这处遗址了。然而直到1953年进行了空中摄影之后,才第一次发现了土岗排列的图形。
4、他警告说,到本年年中,苏联将在陆上发射的战略导弹的数量上超过美国,因为苏联在古巴事件中遭到失败后,从60年代中期就大力发展导弹,目的是为了在核武器方面至少达到同美国均等,并力争超过美国。
- I think we may have to rethink our policies fairly radically. 我认为我们可能要对我们的政策进行根本的反思。
- The health service must be radically reformed. 公共医疗卫生服务必须进行彻底改革。
- The central unit is a rotary drum.核心设备是一个旋转的滚筒。
- A rotary table helps to optimize the beam incidence angle.一张旋转的桌子有助于将光线影响之方式角最佳化。
- The defenders were outnumbered and had to give in. 抵抗者寡不敌众,只能投降。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- After hard fighting,the defenders were still masters of the city. 守军经过奋战仍然控制着城市。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- She wore a very provocative dress.她穿了一件非常性感的裙子。
- His provocative words only fueled the argument further.他的挑衅性讲话只能使争论进一步激化。
- Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施,降低污染物排放总量。
- Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后,指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。
- It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
- The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。
- We clambered up the hillside to the ridge above.我们沿着山坡费力地爬上了山脊。
- The infantry were advancing to attack the ridge.步兵部队正在向前挺进攻打山脊。
- The milkman selected the spotted cows,from among a herd of two hundred.牛奶商从一群200头牛中选出有斑点的牛。
- Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.山姆的商店屯积了有斑点的短袜。