时间:2019-02-04 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

众所周知,美国英语(american english 下简称ae)与英国英语(british english 下简称be)是同一种语言的两个变体.17世纪起,两种语言就开始沿着不同的轨迹发展.在这三百多年的发展过程中,不但美国英语因为处在一个全新的环境发生了巨大变化,而且英国英语也由于时间的进程而在各个方面有了重大改变.由此而来,美国英语和英国英语逐渐产生了差异,这种差异到了二战的时候,竟然到了需要给驻英美军印发《大不列颠简易指南》的地步了.尽管二战以后美国在政治经济和军事方面对英国产生了重大影响,使两种语言又呈现出整合的现象,但是二者的差异,特别是在语音方面仍然十分突出.


1.1 元音差别


1.1. 1在日常用语大约150个词中字母a[f] [m] [n] [w ] [t ] [s]等之间,英国英语发音为[a:],而在美国英语 中则为[a ],例如:


        






words



american english



british english




ask



/ask/



/ a:sk/




calf 1



/kaf/



/ka:f/




chance



/tfans/



/tfa:ns/




draft



/draft/



/dra:ft/




example



/ig`zampl/



/ig`za:mpl/




path



/paw/



/pa:w/


 


但是,当字母a[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g][tf]之间时,英语和美语都发作[a ],例如;






words



american english



british english




bag



/bag/



/bag/




cat



/kat/



/kat/




catch



/ka tf/



 /ka tf/


 


1.1. 2英语中的[c: ] [c]相应的在美语中发作[c][ɑ].当然美语在发这两个音时开口度稍1.2. 大一些.


1.1.2.1在字母组合al.au.aul,例如






words



american english



british english




fault



/fclt/



/fc:lt/




halt



/hclt/



/hc:lt/




pause



/pcz/



/pc:z/


 


1.1.2.2 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]等音之前,例如:






words



american english



british english




cop



/kɑp/



/kcp/




hot



/hɑt/



/hct/




stop



/stɑp/



/stcp/


 


1.1.3.-ile在美语中发作[il], [el],[i:l],而在英语中一般发作[ail],例如:






words



american english



british english




fragile



/`fradvel/



/`fradvail/




missile



/`misel /



/`misail /




mobile



/`meubil/



/`meubail /


 


1.1.4. –ary,-ery,-ory,字母a,e,o在英语中一般发作[e ],而英语中一般省略,例如






words



american english



british english




secretary



/`sekreteri/



/`sekretri /




preparatory



/pri`pareteri/



/pri`paretri/




monastery 2



/`mcnesteri/



/`mcnestri/


 


1.1.5.美音中  [e ]音与英音[q ]很相近,例如:






words



american english



british english




result



/ri`zelt/



/ri`zqelt/




love



/lev/



/lqv/


1.3. 辅音差别


1.2.1.  字母t的发音


在没有重读且处于两个元音音素之间的时候,美语中字母t的发音近于[d],例如:


  






words



american english



british english




matter



/`mader/



/`mate/




waiter



/`weider/



/`weite/




motor



/meuder/



/`meute/




waiting



/`weidin/



/`weitin/


 


   注意:如果处于重读音节中或在非重读音节中的清辅音之后,或者处在一个音节的最后,字母t不管是在英语中还是在美语中都发作[t],






words



american english



british english




obtain



/eb`tein/



/cb`tein/




return



/ri`te:n/



/ri`te:n/




master



/`maste/



/`ma:ste/


 


1.2.2. [j]在英语中一般保留而在美语中一般消失.


[t] [d] [n] [w ] [l] [s]之后.字母及字母组合u,ew,eu在英语中一般发作[ju:],而在美语中发作[u:],例如






words



american english



british english




duty



/`du:ti/



/`dju:ti/




new



/nu:/



/nju:/




tube



/tu:b/



/tju:b/


 


而在[h] [m] [b] [k] [f] [v]之后,字母及字母组合u.euew不管是在英语还是在美语中都发作[j u:] ,例如






words



american english



british english




huge



/hju:dv/



/hju:dv/




beauty



/`bju:ti/



/`bju:ti/




music



/`mju:zik/



/`mju:zik/


 


1.2. 3.字母r在字母组合ar, er, ur ,ir, or, ear, eer, air, oor, ore, our, ere, are等中在美语中会发作 [r],而在英语中不发音,例如






words



american english



british english




hear



/hier/



/hie/




mark



/ma:rk/



/ma:k/




turn



/te:rn/



/te:n/


 


  而如果[r]在元音之前,不管是在美语中还是在英语中都要发音,例如






words



american english



british english




remember



/ri`membe/



/ri`membe/




repeat



/ri`pi:t/



/ri`pi:t/


  注意:当字母r在重读音节的最后,而后又跟一个非重读音节,[r]之前的元音在美国英语和英国英语中发音是不同的.例如






words



american english



british english




courage



/`ke:ridv/



/`kqridv/




hurry



/`he:ri/



/`hqri/




worry



/`we:ri/



/`wqri/


 



n.小牛,犊,幼仔,小牛皮
  • The cow slinked its calf.那头母牛早产了一头小牛犊。
  • The calf blared for its mother.牛犊哞哞地高声叫喊找妈妈。
n.修道院,僧院,寺院
  • They found an icon in the monastery.他们在修道院中发现了一个圣像。
  • She was appointed the superior of the monastery two years ago.两年前她被任命为这个修道院的院长。
学英语单词
Acanthurus chirurgus
anvil ratio
Aquileia
arabinosyl-N6-hydroxyadenine
artificial transmutation
arundo conspicuas
Asset Redeployment
at the sign of
atta boy
Aucholzie
autosomal dominant disorders
back court
bicycle path
black hairstreaks
blade tilt angle
bugle ratio
camera-maker
chemurgy
civicminded
cloth cleaner
commutator diameter
controlled-current polarography
crawdaddy
crystalline zone
Cytovene
DC (data cell)
decenoate
decoratives
design outline
diagram ofintegration
diswarns
espnet
exciter alternator
generalized Boolean lattice
goating
GOPer
grocer's
guillevine
gypsum trowel finish
heavy-duty spiketooth harrow
hemolytic active protein
hirdman
Hitchita
iliupersis
illite clay
inherent filter
internal form
intraquery
John Lewis
leno cloth
long-cloth
lower order bias estimator
magnesitechrome
maythorn
Meccawees
microbulking
miquel
Mobutazon
MRDOS (mapped real-time disk operating system)
msh (melanocyte-stimulating hormone)
neurofibromins
NLS (no-load speed)
nogents
noncatalytic
normal statement
opuntia chollas
Osun State
outflattering
overall limitation
Pasrur
pegasse
photoswitching
piece of work
platycodon grandiflorum
point-focusing monochromator
private certificate services
quinary
reconducted
Salpinctes
scatter-shot
scorbutic ulitis
second handtap
seconding of a motion
setting in seedling
shrunk finish
shursee
SSC-2
tangential blade spacing
target distribution
terminate agreement
tipping chassis
tool dressing
trichosis sensitiva
two-valley model
tympanotomy
universal combined punching and shearing machine
unjointed
vermiculite
verti-port
What kind of climate do you have
yo-yo