英语构词法（10）-单词构词法
时间：2019-02-04 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语构词法（10）-单词构词法
SE
away,separate
分离
字首 se 源出古拉丁文副词与介系词 se,sed,原有 away,separate 之意. 这个字首组成的英文单字,几乎全由拉丁文借来,如secede 1 v. [脱离,退出] 出自secedere,seclude 2 v. [隔离] 出自 secludere,secret a. [隐密的] 出自 secretus 等等.后接字根第一个音若是母音或 h 子音,则拼作 sed,其他一律拼成 se. sedition 3 n.[叛乱],系 sed 组成,较为罕见. 而sever 4 v. [切断,分隔] 与 separate v.[分离] 两字均出自拉丁文 separare,后在古法文转成 sevrer 和 severer 的形态,后又借入英文,就成目前的 sever.
secede 脱离,退出
seclude 使隔绝,使隔离
secret 秘密,暗中的
secrete 5 隐藏
secure 保护; 使安全,获得; 安全的
sedition 叛乱,暴动
seduce 6 勾引,诱惑
segregate 7 隔离
select 挑选,选择
separate 分开,分离
sever 区别,切断,分隔
SUB.SUS
under
在下
sub,sus 是重要的字首,源自拉丁文介系词 sub,有 under 之意. 后接的字根第一个字母若是 c,p,t 则经常拼成 sus 的形态,如 susceptible 8 a. [易受影响的],suspend v. [悬吊,中止],sustain v. [维持,承受] 等. 字根的第一个字母如果是c,f,g,m,p,r 则经常同化成 suc,suf,sug,sum,sup,sur,如 succinct 9 a. [简洁的],suffice v. [满足],suggest v. [建议],summon v. [传唤],supple 10 a. [柔软的],surrogate n. [代理人] 等等.
subdivide 11 再分,细分
subdue 12 征服
subject 使隶属,使服从; 臣民
subjoin 添加
subjugate 13 征服,抑制
sublime 14 崇高的
submarine 海底的
submerge 淹没,浸入水中
submit 屈服,甘受; 提出
subordinate 使居次要地位,使服从; 下级的; 属下
subscribe 15 签名; 同意,赞同
subsequent 随后,继起的
subservient 16 卑屈,阿谀的
subside 17 平息,消退
subsidize 资助
subsist 18 赖...为生,生存
substance 物质,内容
substantial 大体上,实质,真质的,重大,相当大,坚实
substantiate 19 证实,加强
substitute 代替,代替物,代替者
subsume 包括
subterfuge 20 诡计,藉口
subterraneous 地下的
subtract 减去
subrub 城郊之住宅区,市郊
subvert 21 破坏,颠覆
succeed 继位,继承; 成功
succinct 简明,简洁的
succor 22 援助,帮助
succumb 23 屈服
suffer 遭受,忍受
suffice 足够,使满足
sufficient 足够,充分的
suffocate 24 窒闷,窒息
suffuse 25 充盈,布满
suggest 提议
summon 召唤,鼓起
supplant 26 取而代之,代替
supple 易曲,柔软,流畅的; 善於适应,顺从的
supplement 附刊,补遗
supplicate 27 恳求
supply 供给
support 帮助,支持
suppose 认为,假定
suppress 平定,抑制
surrogate 代理者
susceptible 易受影响,敏感,易感的
suspect 怀疑,猜想
suspend 悬挂,吊; 停止
suspense 28 悬而未决,焦虑
suspicious 表示怀疑,怀疑的
sustain 支持; 忍受
SUPER.SUR
over,above
在上,超越
super 源自拉丁文副词与介系词 super,sur 出自法文介系词 sur,有 over,above之意. super 所组成的单字,部分借自拉丁文,部分被英国以现成的字根或单字拼凑而成. sur 组成的单字,则几尽从法文传入,如 sur 的例字中,直接由拉丁文借入的,只有 surreptitious a. [秘密的] 一字(拉丁文作 surrupticius 或surrepticius)super 组成的单字,不少是罕见的字汇,例如: superannuation n. [退休金],supercool v. [过度冷却],superego n.[超我],superexcellent a. [卓越的],superfine a. [精致的],supernormal a.[超乎寻常的],superscribe v. [题名] 等等.
superabundant 过剩,过多的
superb 威严,宏伟,绝佳的
supercilious 29 轻蔑,傲慢的
superficial 表面的,肤浅的
superfluous 30 不必要,过多的
superimpose 置於他物之上,附加
superintend 管理,监督
superior 较高,较好的
superlative 最高,无上的
supernal 31 天上,神圣的
supernatural 超自然,神奇的
supersede 32 取代,替代
superstition 33 迷信
supervene 接著来,继起,随著发生
supervise 监督,管理
supremacy 34 霸权,至高权力
supreme 35 极大,至高的
surcharge 额外的索价
surface 表面
surfeit 36 饮食过度,过量,使生厌,使餍足
surmise 37 臆测,猜度
surmount 38 克服,胜过
surname 姓
surpass 超越,胜过
surplus 盈馀,剩馀,过剩
surprise 使惊奇,使吃惊
surrender 投降,降服
surreptitious 秘密,偷盗的
surround 包围
surroundings 环境
surveillance 监视,看守
survey 调查,通盘考虑,逐点说明
survive 生命较...为长,继续生存
SYM.SYN
with,together
一起,共同
字首 sym,syn 源出希腊文副词与介系词[syn],为 with,together 之意. 除了上述 sym,syn 的拼法,也可拼作 sy,syl.后接字根的第一个字母若是 p,b,m 三个双唇音之一,拼作 sym,以双唇音连接双唇音,方便发音,如 sympathy n. [同情,体谅],symposium 39 n. [座谈,讨论会] 等. 字根的第一个字母若是 s,则拼作 sy,如system n. [体系,制度] 便是; 若是 l,则同化成 syl,如 syllabus 40 n. [摘要].其馀情况均作 syn. 不过,sy,syl 的形态并不多见,因此仍然以 sym 和 syn 较为重要. 例如 syllable 41 n. [音节],symphonyn. [交响乐],synonym n. [同义字],syncretize v. [统合,融合].
syllabus 大要,大纲
symbol 象徵
symmetry 匀称,对称
sympathy 同情
symposium 座谈会
symptom 徵候,表徵
synchronize 42 同时发生
synchronous 43 同时发生的
syndicate 企业组合
syndrome 44 综合病徵
synopsis 45 纲领,要略
synthesis 综合
synthetic 46 人造的
system 制度,组织,系统
TRANS
across,through,over
横跨,贯通,转变
trans 源自拉丁文介系词 trans,意为across,through,over. 除了trans 的拼法之外,另有 tran,tra,tres 三种形态. 所接的字根第一个字母若是 s,拼作 tran,使两个 s 子音同化成一个 s,如transcendv. [超越],transpire v. [蒸发] 等均是.字根的第一个字母如果是 v,则拼作 tra,如 traverse v. [横越],travesty n. [滑稽化] 均是,其馀情况则拼作 trans.
transact 处理,交易
transcend 超越,胜过
transcribe 刊印,抄写
transfer 调职,迁移,移转
transfix 刺穿,刺住
transform 改变
transfuse 灌输
transgress 逾越,违反,违背
transient 过路,短暂的
transit 通过,经过
transitory 短暂,一时的
translate 翻译,解说
transliterate 音译
translucent 半透明的
transmit 传播,传达
transmute 使变化
transparent 透明,明晰的
transpire 发散水分,蒸发
transplant 移植,使迁徒
transport 运送
transpose 置换,改换位置
traverse 横越; 妨碍,反对
travesty 歪曲,谐谑化
trespass 侵入,侵犯
- They plotted to make the whole Mississippi Valley secede from the United States.他们阴谋策划使整个密西西比流域脱离美国。
- We won't allow Tibet to secede from China and become an independent nation.我们决不允许西藏脱离中国独立。
- You can't seclude yourself from the world.人不能与世隔绝。
- To find a quiet place to study,Bruce had to seclude himself in the attic.布鲁斯不得不躲在阁楼上，才能寻得一个安静的地区性方读书。
- Government officials charged him with sedition.政府官员指控他煽动人们造反。
- His denial of sedition was a denial of violence.他对煽动叛乱的否定又是对暴力的否定。
- She wanted to sever all her connections with the firm.她想断绝和那家公司的所有联系。
- We must never sever the cultural vein of our nation.我们不能割断民族的文化血脉。
- The pores of your body secrete sweat.身上的毛孔分泌汗液。
- Squirrels secrete a supply of nuts for winter.松鼠为准备过冬而藏坚果。
- She has set out to seduce Stephen.她已经开始勾引斯蒂芬了。
- Clever advertising would seduce more people into smoking.巧妙策划的广告会引诱更多的人吸烟。
- We have to segregate for a few day.我们得分离一段日子。
- Some societies still segregate men and women.有的社会仍然将男女隔离。
- Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
- We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
- The last paragraph is a succinct summary.最后这段话概括性很强。
- A succinct style lends vigour to writing.措辞简练使文笔有力。
- She gets along well with people because of her supple nature.她与大家相处很好，因为她的天性柔和。
- He admired the graceful and supple movements of the dancers.他赞扬了舞蹈演员优雅灵巧的舞姿。
- You can use sales organizations to subdivide markets into regions.用销售组织将市场细分为区域。
- The verbs were subdivided into transitive and intransitive categories.动词可细分为及物动词和不及物动词。
- She tried to subdue her anger.她尽力压制自己的怒火。
- He forced himself to subdue and overcome his fears.他强迫自己克制并战胜恐惧心理。
- Imperialism has not been able to subjugate China.帝国主义不能征服中国。
- After having been subjugated to ambition,your maternal instincts are at last starting to assert themselves.你那被雄心壮志压制已久的母性本能终于开始展现出来。
- We should take some time to enjoy the sublime beauty of nature.我们应该花些时间去欣赏大自然的壮丽景象。
- Olympic games play as an important arena to exhibit the sublime idea.奥运会，就是展示此崇高理念的重要舞台。
- I heartily subscribe to that sentiment.我十分赞同那个观点。
- The magazine is trying to get more readers to subscribe.该杂志正大力发展新订户。
- He was subservient and servile.他低声下气、卑躬屈膝。
- It was horrible to have to be affable and subservient.不得不强作欢颜卖弄风骚，真是太可怕了。
- The emotional reaction which results from a serious accident takes time to subside.严重事故所引起的情绪化的反应需要时间来平息。
- The controversies surrounding population growth are unlikely to subside soon.围绕着人口增长问题的争论看来不会很快平息。
- We are unable to subsist without air and water.没有空气和水我们就活不下去。
- He could subsist on bark and grass roots in the isolated island.在荒岛上他只能靠树皮和草根维持生命。
- There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims.这些主张几乎找不到科学依据来证实。
- These theories are used to substantiate the relationship between the phenomenons of the universe.这些学说是用来证实宇宙现象之间的关系。
- European carping over the phraseology represented a mixture of hypocrisy and subterfuge.欧洲在措词上找岔子的做法既虚伪又狡诈。
- The Independents tried hard to swallow the wretched subterfuge.独立党的党员们硬着头皮想把这一拙劣的托词信以为真。
- The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government.反叛军队企图颠覆政府统治。
- They tried to subvert our state and our Party. This is the crux of the matter.他们是要颠覆我们的国家，颠覆我们的党，这是问题的实质。
- In two short hours we may look for succor from Webb.在短短的两小时内，韦布将军的救兵就可望到达。
- He was so much in need of succor,so totally alone.他当时孑然一身，形影相吊，特别需要援助。
- They will never succumb to the enemies.他们决不向敌人屈服。
- Will business leaders succumb to these ideas?商业领袖们会被这些观点折服吗？
- If you shut all the windows,I will suffocate.如果你把窗户全部关起来，我就会闷死。
- The stale air made us suffocate.浑浊的空气使我们感到窒息。
- A dull red flush suffused Selby's face.塞尔比的脸庞泛起了淡淡的红晕。
- The evening sky was suffused with crimson.黄昏时分天空红霞灿灿。
- Electric cars may one day supplant petrol-driven ones.也许有一天电动车会取代汽油驱动的车。
- The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。
- She supplicated the judge for protection.她恳求法官保护。
- I do not supplicate to women because they find it unattractive.我不会向女人恳求，因为那吸引不了她们。
- The suspense was unbearable.这样提心吊胆的状况实在叫人受不了。
- The director used ingenious devices to keep the audience in suspense.导演用巧妙手法引起观众的悬念。
- The shop assistant was very supercilious towards me when I asked for some help.我要买东西招呼售货员时，那个售货员对我不屑一顾。
- His manner is supercilious and arrogant.他非常傲慢自大。
- She fined away superfluous matter in the design. 她删去了这图案中多余的东西。
- That request seemed superfluous when I wrote it.我这样写的时候觉得这个请求似乎是多此一举。
- The supernal ideology will not coexistence with the everyman.超凡的思想是不会与凡夫俗子共存的。
- It has virtue of strong function,supernal efficiency.它具有功能强，效率高的优点。
- We must supersede old machines by new ones.我们必须以新机器取代旧机器。
- The use of robots will someday supersede manual labor.机器人的使用有一天会取代人力。
- It's a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.认为黑猫不吉祥是一种很普遍的迷信。
- Superstition results from ignorance.迷信产生于无知。
- No one could challenge her supremacy in gymnastics.她是最优秀的体操运动员，无人能胜过她。
- Theoretically,she holds supremacy as the head of the state.从理论上说，她作为国家的最高元首拥有至高无上的权力。
- It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
- He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
- The voters are pretty sick of such a surfeit of primary sloganeering.选民们对于初选时没完没了地空喊口号的现象感到发腻了。
- A surfeit of food makes one sick.饮食过量使人生病。
- It turned out that my surmise was correct.结果表明我的推测没有错。
- I surmise that he will take the job.我推测他会接受这份工作。
- We have many problems to surmount before we can start the project.我们得克服许多困难才能著手做这项工作。
- We are fully confident that we can surmount these difficulties.我们完全相信我们能够克服这些困难。
- What have you learned from the symposium?你参加了这次科学讨论会有什么体会？
- The specialists and scholars present at the symposium come from all corners of the country.出席研讨会的专家学者们来自全国各地。
- Have you got next year's syllabus?你拿到明年的教学大纲了吗？
- We must try to diversify the syllabus to attract more students.我们应该使教学大纲内容多样化，可以多吸引学生。
- You put too much emphasis on the last syllable.你把最后一个音节读得太重。
- The stress on the last syllable is light.最后一个音节是轻音节。
- The sound on a film must synchronize with the action. 影片中的声音必须与动作配合一致。
- You must synchronize your Inbox before selecting additional folders. 在选择其他文件夹前，您必须同步您的收件箱。
- The message can be used only with synchronous operations.消息只能与同步操作一起使用。
- Synchronous machines do not easily fall out of step under normal conditions.在正常情况下，同步电机不易失去同步。
- The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
- Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。
- The synopsis of the book is very good.这本书的梗概非常好。
- I heard there wasn't a script.They only had a synopsis.我听说是没有剧本的。他们只有一个大纲。