英语构词法（17）-单词构词法
时间：2019-02-04 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语构词法（17）-单词构词法
VERS.VERT
turn
转动,转变
字根 vers,vert 源出拉丁文动词 vertere 及其过去分词 versus 1,原义即为 [转动, 转变]. 另有一种少见的拼法形态: divorce v./n. [离婚]. 源出拉丁文名词 divortium [离婚],在法文变成 divorce,后来再进入 英文. 这个字根比较特别的例字如: advertise v. [登广告] 源出拉丁文动词 advertere [转向,注意到],进入法文后转 成 avertir,意思也变作 [使注意],进入 英文又引申成 [通知产品问市],而有 [登 广告] 的意思. universe n. [宇宙,世界] 和 universal a. [普遍,一般的] 两字源 出拉丁文形容词 universus,字首 uni 有 one 的意思,原作 [普遍的,整个,全体 的],后来引申为 [万有,宇宙] 的字义, 因此 universe 和 universal 一字为 [宇 宙],一字成为 [普遍的,全体的]之意.
adversary 4 对手,仇敌
adverse 5 有敌意,敌对的,不利的
adversity 不幸(的事),灾难
advert 2 谈及,注意到
advertise 登广告,公布
anniversary 周年纪念
averse 6 反对,不愿意的
aversion 嫌恶
avert 3 移转,避开,防止,避免
controversial 引起争论,争论的
controversy 7 争论,辨论
controvert 8 否认,反驳
conversant 9 娴熟,熟识的
conversation 谈话,会话
converse 10 谈话,相反的,相反的事物
convert 改变,使改变信仰,意见,使皈依,(新)皈依
diverse 不同的
diversify 11 使多样化,使变化
diversion 离正题,娱乐,消遣
diversity 多样,不同
divert 转向,转入,消遣,娱乐
divorce 和...离婚,分离,分裂,离婚
extrovert 12 使外向,使外倾,外向之人
inadvertent 无意,不注意的
introvert 13 使内向,使内省,内向者,惯於自省之人
inverse 14 倒转,相反,反的
invert 15 倒转
obverse 反换命题,相对物
obvert 转向,使面向
perverse 16 错误的,固执,倔强的
pervert 17 败坏,使堕落,引入邪路,曲解,误解
reverse 反转,颠倒,相反,不幸,恶运,相反,颠倒的
revert 18 恢复(原状),回到,复归
subversion 19 推翻,灭亡
subvert 20 颠覆,破坏,推翻
transverse 横向,横的
traverse 横贯,横过,反对,阻止,仔细检查
universal 普遍,一般的
universe 宇宙,世界
versatile 21 易变的,多才多艺,多方面的
verse 诗,诗节
versify 将(散文)改写成韵文,用韵文记载
version 翻译(本),叙述,说明
vertex 最高点,顶点
vertical 22 垂直,直立的
vertiginous 23 旋转的,感觉眩晕,令人眩晕的
vertigo 24 眩晕
VEY.VIA.VOY
way
道路,途径
vey,via,voy 源出拉丁文名词 via [道 路,途径],其中 vey,voy 的拼法受古法 文影响. 比较特殊的例字如: trivia n.pl. [琐碎的事] 和 trivial a. [微不足道,不 重要的]. 这两个字同源自拉丁文名词 trivium,字首 tri 有 three 的意思,因 此原拉丁文作 [三岔路,通衢] 解释. 由 [ 三岔路口] 引申出 [琐事],有人认为是因 古罗马时代三岔路口为百姓聚集谈天说地的 地方,拉丁文本来便有 trivialis a. 作[ 寻常,平凡的] 的解释. 还有一种说法为中 古时代大学必修的七项文学科中,以文法, 修辞,逻辑三科最为琐碎,因此 trivia 的 单数形态 trivium,一直到今天,还指这三 种学科. 不管两种说法何者正确,意思都指 [琐事].
convey 传达,运送,传导,传送
conveyance 25 运送,运输,传达,传递
convoy 26 护送,护卫,被护送之船队或车队
deviate 27 逸出正轨,离开本题
deviation 28 逸出常轨,偏差
devious 29 绕道,迂回的,有偏差,不正直的
envoy 30 使者
impervious 31 不能透过的
obviate 32 避免
obvious 明显的
pervious 可透过的
previous 在前,先前的
trivia 琐事
trivial 微不足道,锁碎的
via 经由
voyage 旅行
VID.VIEW.VIS
see
看见,审视
vid,view,vis 源自拉丁文动词 videre [ 看见,审视] 与其过去分词 visus; view 的拼法来自中古英文,但早期曾受古法文影 响. 比较特殊的例字有: provide v. [提 供],purvey 34 v. [ 供给],providential a. [幸运的,神意的]. provide 源出拉丁 文动词 providere,字首 pro 33 有 forward 的意思,拉丁文原作 [预见],引申为 [慎 防,未雨绸缪]. 最后成为英文 [供给] 之 意. purvey 字源和 provide 完全相同,由 拉丁文转入古法文时,拼法才变成 purveier 和 purveeir,进入英文后才发展 出和 provide 相去甚远的形态. providential 源自上述拉丁文动词 providere 转成的形容词 providens,原有 [有先见,深谋远虑的] 的意思,后来衍变 出 [幸运的,神意的] 的意思.
advise 忠告,劝告
advisement 考虑,熟思
envisage 36 想像,视,预见
envision 想像,拟想
envy 羡慕,嫉妒
evidence 证据,证词,痕迹,迹象,显示
evident 明显的
improvise 37 临时制作,及席作成
invidious 招嫉妒,惹人恶感的
invisible 看不见,隐形的
prevision 先见,预知
provide 供给,供应,规定
providence 38 对将来的顾虑,节约
provident 35 有先见之明,节约的
providential 按天意,由神意的
provision 供应品,条款,规定
provisional 临时的
prudence 39 谨慎,智虑
prudent 40 谨慎的,节俭的
purvey 供给,供应
purview 41 范围,权界
review 回顾,俭讨,评论,温习,再检查,细查,检查
revise 教正,修定,改变
supervise 监督,管理
survey 视察,考虑,测量,通盘考虑,审度,检讨
view 景色,看,视察,见解,想法,观察,看,认为
visage 面貌,外观
visible 显而易见,可见的
vision 视力,幻想,梦想,幻影
visionary 幻想的,梦想者,理想主义者
visit 拜访,暂居,侵袭,施加(苦痛,罚)
visitation 访晤
vista 42 景色,远景,展望,
visual 视觉,可见的
visualize 43 想像,预见,预测
VIG.VIT.VIV
life
生命,精力
字根 vig,vit,viv 源出拉丁文名词 vigor 44 [精力,活力],vita [生命] 及动词 vivere [生存,生活]. 这个字根除了这三 种常见的拼法外,另有两种拼法如下: vegetate 45 v. [像植物般生长] 与 victuals 46 n.pl. [食物,食品]. vegetate 源出拉丁 文动词 vegetare,原即有 [生长] 的意思. victuals 则出自上述拉丁文动词 vivere [生存,生活] 的过去分词 victus,引申为 名词即指生存所需的物品,原文已有 [食 物,食品] 的意思.
convivial 47 友善,愉快的
invigorate 使充满生气与活力的,使强壮
revival 48 恢复,复兴,复活
revive 重振,苏醒,复活,重演,恢复
revivification 复活,苏醒,使恢复(气力)
survival 生存
survive 生命较...为长,继续生存,继续存在
vegetate 生长,饱食终日无所事事地生活
victuals 食物,食品
vigil 守夜
vigilance 注意,警戒,警惕
vigilant 49 警戒,注意的
vigor 生气,精力充沛的
vigorous 有力,精力充沛的
vital 极需,不可或缺的
vitalize 赋以生命力
vivacious 50 活泼,快活的
vivacity 51 充满生命力,活泼,快活
vivid 活泼,有生气的,生动,强烈,鲜明的
vivify 使生动,赋与生命
vivisect 行活体解剖
VOC.VOK
voice,call
声音,召唤
字根 voc,vok 源出拉丁文名词 vox [声 音] 的格变化,及动词 vocare [召唤] ; 其中 vok 的拼法来自中古英文. 拼法还有 另外两种形态: vouch 52 v. [担保,保证], avouch 53 v. [承认,断言] 及 vow 54 v. [誓 言],avow 55 v. [公开承认]. 这两种拼法均 出自中古英文,也曾受古法文影响. 其他比 较特殊的例字有 vocation 56 n. [使命] 和 avocation 57 n. [副业,嗜好] 两字.
advocate 主张,提倡者,拥护者
avocation 副业,嗜好
avouch 承认,自认,断言
avow 公开承认
convocation 集会
convoke 58 召集
equivocal 意义不明显,模棱两可的,不确定,未决
equivocate 60 蒙混,闪烁其词,推托
evoke 61 引起
invoke 62 以法术召(鬼),请求,乞求
irrevocable 不能变更,不能取消的
provoke 引起,激怒
revoke 63 取消,撤回
vocabulary 字汇
vocal 59 发声的,自由发言,滔滔不绝的
vocalize 说出,以声音表示出
vocation 职业
vociferate 吼叫,大声呼叫
vociferous 64 喧嚣,呼喊的
vouch 担保,保证,支持
vow 立誓,誓言,誓约
VOLU.VOLV
roll
旋转,卷绕,转成
volu,volv 源出拉丁文动词 volvere 与其 过去分词 volutum,原即有 [卷起来] 的意 思. 比较特殊的例字有: volume n. [卷, 体积,大量] 一字. volume 源出拉丁文名 词 volumen (由动词 volvere 转成),指 [手抄的卷轴]. 从前的文书以羊皮纸或草纸 抄写卷在棒上,因此 volume 便可作 [卷] 解释. 引申又指 [大本的书],因此成为 [体积,大量] 的意思.
convolve 卷,盘,旋绕
devolve 移交
evolution 演化,发展
evolve 发展,放出,引出,推理
intervolve 互卷,卷合
involute 复杂,难解的
involve 牵涉,卷入,包括,意味著,需要
revolt 叛乱,背叛,叛变,叛乱,嫌恶,起恶感
revolution 旋转,革命
rovolve 周转,旋转,沉思,考虑
voluble 健言,口若悬河的
volume 书册,书本,体积,大量,多量
voluminous 很多,丰富的
volute 涡形
volution 旋转
- The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
- The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
- The advert featured a dolphin swimming around a goldfish bowl.该广告的內容为一条在金鱼缸里游动的海豚。
- Please advert to the contents below.I believe you won't be disappointed.敬请留意后面的内容。相信您一定不会失望的。
- He managed to avert suspicion.他设法避嫌。
- I would do what I could to avert it.我会尽力去避免发生这种情况。
- He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
- They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。
- He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
- The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。
- I don't smoke cigarettes,but I'm not averse to the occasional cigar.我不吸烟，但我不反对偶尔抽一支雪茄。
- We are averse to such noisy surroundings.我们不喜欢这么吵闹的环境。
- That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
- We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。
- The statement of the last witness controvert the evidence of the first two.最后一个证人的陈述反驳了前两人的证词。
- She would never controvert with her father.她绝不会跟她的父亲争论。
- Mr.Taylor is thoroughly conversant with modern music.泰勒先生对现代音乐很精通。
- We become the most conversant stranger in the world.我们变成了世界上最熟悉的陌生人。
- He can converse in three languages.他可以用3种语言谈话。
- I wanted to appear friendly and approachable but I think I gave the converse impression.我想显得友好、平易近人些,却发觉给人的印象恰恰相反。
- Our company is trying to diversify.我们公司正力图往多样化方面发展。
- Hills and woods diversify the landscape.山陵和树木点缀景色。
- A good salesman is usually an extrovert,who likes to mingle with people.一个好的推销员通常很外向，喜欢和人们交往。
- Do you think you're an extrovert or introvert?你认为你是个性外向的人还是个性内向的人？
- You are very much an introvert.你是一位地道的内向性格者。
- The same conversation that energizes the extravert also drains the introvert.同样的交谈能让外向者荣光焕发，却让内向者精神颓靡。
- Evil is the inverse of good.恶是善的反面。
- When the direct approach failed he tried the inverse.当直接方法失败时，他尝试相反的做法。
- She catch the insect by invert her cup over it.她把杯子倒扣在昆虫上，将它逮住了。
- Invert the cake onto a cooling rack.把蛋糕倒扣在冷却架上。
- It would be perverse to stop this healthy trend.阻止这种健康发展的趋势是没有道理的。
- She gets a perverse satisfaction from making other people embarrassed.她有一种不正常的心态，以使别人难堪来取乐。
- Reading such silly stories will pervert your taste for good books.读这种愚昧的故事会败坏你对好书的嗜好。
- Do not pervert the idea.别歪曲那想法。
- Let us revert to the earlier part of the chapter.让我们回到本章的前面部分。
- Shall we revert to the matter we talked about yesterday?我们接着昨天谈过的问题谈，好吗？
- He was arrested in parliament on charges of subversion for organizing the demonstration.他因组织示威活动在议会上被以颠覆破坏罪名逮捕。
- It had a cultural identity relatively immune to subversion from neighboring countries.它的文化同一性使它相对地不易被邻国所颠覆。
- The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government.反叛军队企图颠覆政府统治。
- They tried to subvert our state and our Party. This is the crux of the matter.他们是要颠覆我们的国家，颠覆我们的党，这是问题的实质。
- A versatile person is often good at a number of different things.多才多艺的人通常擅长许多种不同的事情。
- He had been one of the game's most versatile athletes.他是这项运动中技术最全面的运动员之一。
- The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
- Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。
- House prices continued their vertiginous decline,with the US,UK,Spain and Ireland leading the way.房屋价格继续他们的旋转式下降，美国、英国、西班牙和爱尔兰引领着这个趋势。
- My small mind contained in earthly human limits,not lost in vertiginous space and elements unknown.我的狭隘思想局限在人类世俗之中，不会
- He had a dreadful attack of vertigo.他忽然头晕得厉害。
- If you have vertigo it seems as if the whole room is spinning round you.如果你头晕，就会觉得整个房间都旋转起来
- Bicycles have become the most popular conveyance for Chinese people.自行车已成为中国人最流行的代步工具。
- Its another,older,usage is a synonym for conveyance.它的另一个更古老的习惯用法是作为财产转让的同义词使用。
- The convoy was snowed up on the main road.护送队被大雪困在干路上了。
- Warships will accompany the convoy across the Atlantic.战舰将护送该船队过大西洋。
- Don't deviate from major issues.不要偏离主要问题。
- I will never deviate from what I believe to be right.我绝不背离我自信正确的道路。
- Deviation from this rule are very rare.很少有违反这条规则的。
- Any deviation from the party's faith is seen as betrayal.任何对党的信仰的偏离被视作背叛。
- Susan is a devious person and we can't depend on her.苏姗是个狡猾的人，我们不能依赖她。
- He is a man who achieves success by devious means.他这个人通过不正当手段获取成功。
- Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
- The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area.政府尚未向这一地区派过外交官。
- He was completely impervious to criticism.他对批评毫不在乎。
- This material is impervious to gases and liquids.气体和液体都透不过这种物质。
- Improved public transportation would obviate the need tor everyone to have their own car.公共交通的改善消除了每人都要有车的必要性。
- This deferral would obviate pressure on the rouble exchange rate.这一延期将消除卢布汇率面临的压力。
- The two debating teams argued the question pro and con.辩论的两组从赞成与反对两方面辩这一问题。
- Are you pro or con nuclear disarmament?你是赞成还是反对核裁军？
- They have two restaurants that purvey dumplings and chicken noodle soup.他们那里有两家供应饺子和鸡肉汤面的餐馆。
- He is the one who would,for a hefty fee,purvey strategic advice to private corporations.他是那个会为了一笔数目可观的酬金而将策略性建议透露给私营企业的人。
- A provident father plans for his children's education.有远见的父亲为自己孩子的教育做长远打算。
- They are provident statesmen.他们是有远见的政治家。
- Nobody can envisage the consequences of total nuclear war.没有人能够想像全面核战争的后果。
- When do you envisage being able to pay me back?你看你什么时候能还我钱？
- If an actor forgets his words，he has to improvise.演员要是忘记台词，那就只好即兴现编。
- As we've not got the proper materials,we'll just have to improvise.我们没有弄到合适的材料，只好临时凑合了。
- It is tempting Providence to go in that old boat.乘那艘旧船前往是冒大险。
- To act as you have done is to fly in the face of Providence.照你的所作所为那样去行事，是违背上帝的意志的。
- A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.不够谨慎可能会导致财政上出现问题。
- The happy impute all their success to prudence or merit.幸运者都把他们的成功归因于谨慎或功德。
- A prudent traveller never disparages his own country.聪明的旅行者从不贬低自己的国家。
- You must school yourself to be modest and prudent.你要学会谦虚谨慎。
- These are questions that lie outside the purview of our inquiry.这些都不是属于我们调查范围的问题。
- That,however,was beyond the purview of the court;it was a diplomatic matter.但是，那已不在法庭权限之内；那是个外交问题。
- From my bedroom window I looked out on a crowded vista of hills and rooftops.我从卧室窗口望去，远处尽是连绵的山峦和屋顶。
- These uprisings come from desperation and a vista of a future without hope.发生这些暴动是因为人们被逼上了绝路，未来看不到一点儿希望。
- I remember meeting the man before but I can't visualize him.我记得以前见过那个人，但他的样子我想不起来了。
- She couldn't visualize flying through space.她无法想像在太空中飞行的景象。
- The choir sang the words out with great vigor.合唱团以极大的热情唱出了歌词。
- She didn't want to be reminded of her beauty or her former vigor.现在，她不愿人们提起她昔日的美丽和以前的精力充沛。
- After a hard day's work,I vegetate in front of the television.经过一整天劳累，我瘫在电视机前一动不动。
- He spends all his free time at home vegetating in front of the TV.他一有空闲时间就窝在家里看电视。
- A plateful of coarse broken victuals was set before him.一盘粗劣的剩余饭食放到了他的面前。
- There are no more victuals for the pig.猪没有吃的啦。
- The atmosphere was quite convivial.气氛非常轻松愉快。
- I found it odd to imagine a nation of convivial diners surrendering their birthright.我发现很难想象让这样一个喜欢热热闹闹吃饭的民族放弃他们的习惯。
- The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
- He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。
- He has to learn how to remain vigilant through these long nights.他得学会如何在这漫长的黑夜里保持警觉。
- The dog kept a vigilant guard over the house.这只狗警醒地守护着这所房屋。
- She is an artless,vivacious girl.她是一个天真活泼的女孩。
- The picture has a vivacious artistic conception.这幅画气韵生动。
- Her charm resides in her vivacity.她的魅力存在于她的活泼。
- He was charmed by her vivacity and high spirits.她的活泼与兴高采烈的情绪把他迷住了。
- They asked whether I was prepared to vouch for him.他们问我是否愿意为他作担保。
- I can vouch for the fact that he is a good worker.我保证他是好员工。
- We can avouch for the quality.我们保证质量。
- I am willing to employ your friend if you will avouch his integrity.如果你能保证你的朋友是个诚实的人，那么我很乐意聘用他。
- My parents are under a vow to go to church every Sunday.我父母许愿，每星期日都去做礼拜。
- I am under a vow to drink no wine.我已立誓戒酒。
- I must avow that I am innocent.我要公开声明我是无罪的。
- The senator was forced to avow openly that he had received some money from that company.那个参议员被迫承认曾经收过那家公司的一些钱。
- She struggled for years to find her true vocation.她多年来苦苦寻找真正适合自己的职业。
- She felt it was her vocation to minister to the sick.她觉得照料病人是她的天职。
- He was a printer by trade and naturalist by avocation.他从事印刷业，同时是个博物学爱好者。
- Learning foreign languages is just an avocation with me.学习外语只不过是我的一项业余爱好。
- The council may convoke a formal conference.理事会可能会召开一次正式会议。
- The king convoke parliament to cope with the impending danger.国王召开国会以应付迫近眉睫的危险。
- The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
- Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。
- Don't equivocate with me I want a straight answer to a straight question!别跟我绕弯子--我问的问题直截了当，回答也要直截了当！
- He is equivocating a lot about what is going to happen if and when there are elections.他支支吾吾地说着很多万一进行选举会发生的状况。
- These images are likely to evoke a strong response in the viewer.这些图像可能会在观众中产生强烈反响。
- Her only resource was the sympathy she could evoke.她以凭借的唯一力量就是她能从人们心底里激起的同情。
- Let us invoke the blessings of peace.让我们祈求和平之福。
- I hope I'll never have to invoke this clause and lodge a claim with you.我希望我永远不会使用这个条款向你们索赔。
- The university may revoke my diploma.大学可能吊销我的毕业证书。
- The government revoked her husband's license to operate migrant labor crews.政府撤销了她丈夫管理外来打工人群的许可证。
- They are holding a vociferous debate.他们在吵吵嚷嚷地辩论。
- He was a vociferous opponent of Conservatism.他高声反对保守主义。