英语构词法（08）-单词构词法
时间：2019-02-04 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
英语构词法（08）-单词构词法
toward,against,over
相对,反对,全面
字首 ob 源自拉丁文介系词 ob,原本即有toward,against,over 之意. 除了ob 的拼法之外,尚有 oc,of,op 与 o 的形态. 字根部分的第一个字母为 c,f,p 时,则拼成oc,of,op,如 occult a. [玄奥的],offend v. [冒犯,触怒],opportune 1 a.[适合的] 等. o 的形态则仅在 omit v.[省略] 一字中可见到. 事实上,omit 来自拉丁文 omittere v. [遗弃,放松],英文本有 omit 和 obmit 两种写法,由於 b,m 两个子音均是双唇音,极容易同化成一个音,obmit 遭到淘汰,只剩 omit 了.
obdurate 2 冷酷,无情,执拗的
obey 服从,遵奉,顺从
obfuscate 3 使模糊,使迷乱
object 反对; 物体,物件; 目标,目的
objective 目标,目的
objurgate 痛骂,严责
obligation 义务,职责
obligatory 4 强制的
oblige 强制,使受束缚
oblique 5 不直接,斜的,间接,迂曲的
obliterate 6 消灭,擦掉
oblong 长方形的
obnoxious 7 可憎,令人讨厌的
obscene 淫秽,猥亵的
obscure 昏暗的; 幽僻,微贱的; 隐藏
observe 看到,发觉; 遵守
obsess 8 使心神困扰
obsolete 9 过时,已废的
obstacle 障碍
obstinate 10 固执,不屈服的
obstruct 11 妨碍
obtain 获得
obtrude 12 闯入
obtruse 钝,愚钝,迟钝的
occasion 时机,场合,特殊之大事
occult 深奥,难解的
occupy 占据
occur 发生
offend 触怒,伤...感情
offensive 攻击
offer 提供
omit 遗漏
opponent 对手,敌手
opportune 合时宜的
opportunity 机会
oppose 反对,对抗,使相对
opposite 相反,反对的; 相反的人或物
oppress 压迫,压制
PARA
beside,beyond
并列,超越
para 源自希腊文副词与介系词 para,为beside,near,beyond 之意. 在希腊文亦为字首,下面的例字均由希腊文借入英文. 例如: parabola n. [抛物线],parallax n.[视差],parallelogram n. [平行四边形],paramilitary a. [辅助军队的],paranoian. [偏执狂],parasite n. [寄生虫] 等.para 除了有 beside,beyond 之意,尚有[防避] 的意义. 拉丁文动词 parare [准备],法文转成字首 para,有 [防避] 之意.因此,加字根 sol [太阳], [防避太阳]便成了 parasol n. [阳伞]; 加字根 chute[降落],[降落的防避装置] 便成了parachute n. [降落伞],又由 parachute衍生出 paratroops n. [空降部队],paratrooper n. [伞兵] 等字.
parable 13 寓言,譬语
paradigm 14 模范
paradox 15 充满矛盾的人或物,矛盾的话
paragon 16 模范,典型
paragraph 段,节
parallel 相同,相似的; 相似之物,相同之物
paralyze 使无能力
paraphrase 17 解述意义,意译
PER
throught,throughly
穿过,完全
字首 per 源自拉丁文介系词 per,有through,throughtout 之意. 在拉丁文亦为字首,如 percolate 18 v. [过滤] 出自拉丁文 percolare,perennial 19 a. [永久的] 出自 perennis,perforate v. [穿凿] 出自perforare 等均是. 而 perspire 20 v.,字根spir 为 [呼吸孔],与字首 per 组合成 [透过呼吸],最后转成了 [流汗]. 上古拉丁文的 perspirare 本仅有 breathe,blowconstantly 的字义,后来英文引申为 [透过细孔而成气体] 或 [蒸发],最后又转成[流汗] 的意思. per 也可引申成 awayentirely,to destruction [消灭,破坏],不过这种用法组成的单字不多,有peremptory 21 a. [断然的,专横的],perfidyn. [背叛],perish v. [降低,死],perverse 23 a. [乖张,固执的],pervert 24 v.[误解] 等字.
perceive 感觉
percolate 过滤,渗出
percussion 25 敲打
perdurable 持久,不朽的
peremptory 绝对,强制的
perennial 永久的
perfect 无缺点,全然的; 改进,完成
perfidy 22 背信,不义
perforate 穿孔,凿孔
perfunctory 敷衍,表面,不关心的
perish 腐坏,死
permanent 固定不变,永久的
permeate 26 弥漫,充满,渗透
permit 允许,许可
pernicious 有害的
perpendicular 27 成直角,垂直的
perpetrate 为(非),犯(罪)
perpetual 永久,终身的
perplex 使困惑,使迷惑
persecute 28 迫害,烦扰
persevere 29 坚持,坚忍
persist 坚持,持久
perspective 正确眼光,景色
perspicacious 30 明察,颖悟的
perspicuous 明白,明显的
perspire 流汗
persuade 说服,使相信
pertain 31 属於,适於
pertinacious 32 执拗,固执的
pertinent 33 适当,有关的
perturb 34 使心烦意乱,扰乱
peruse 35 读,阅读
pervade 36 弥漫,遍布
perverse 倔强,刚愎的
pervert 败坏,引入邪路
POST
after,behind
在后
post 源自拉丁文副词与介系词 post,原意为 after,behind. 拉丁文中的谚语名句Post proelium,paremiun (After the battle,the reward.),其中便有 post一字作 after 的用法. post 组成的单字比较罕见,例如: postbellum a. [战后的],postdate v. [日期迟填],postern n. [后门],postgraduate n.[研究生],postlude n. [后奏曲],postprandial a. [餐后的]等等.
posterior 时间上在后,较迟的
posterity 38 子孙,后裔
posthumous 39 死后的
post-mortem 死后的
postpone 40 延期,延搁
postscript 41 附加的资料,附录
postwar 战后的
PRE
before
在前
字首 pre 源自拉丁文副词与介系词 prae,原意为 before. 如 preach v. [说教] 原拉丁文作 praedicare,字根 dic 有 [说话] 的意思,后转变成 preach 的拼法,是受古法文的影响. predicament n. [困境] 字根 dic 也是 [说话],在拉丁文有 [规定范畴] 之意,目前英文已不常用. 后来逐渐演变成 [事先断定却无法达成] 的意思,最后成为现代习用的 [困境]. 如pretend v. [假装] 来自拉丁文praetendere [向前展开,托故推辞],字根 tend 有 stretch [伸展]的意思,[伸展姿态] 就演变成 [假装] 了.
preach 宣讲,倡导
precaution 预防,防备
precede 高於,优於
precedent 42 前例,先例
precept 43 教训,箴言
precinct 区域,区,范围
precipitate 44 催促其发生,加速
precipitous 陡峭的
precise 精确,正确的
preclude 45 使不能,妨碍,阻止
precocious 46 早熟,过早的
precursor 47 先驱,前辈
predecessor 48 前任,祖先
predicament 困境
predict 预测,预知
predispose 使倾向於,使偏向於
predominant 支配,优势的
predominate 支配,占优势
preeminent 49 卓越,超群的
preface 开端,序言
prefer 较喜欢
prejudice 偏见,成见
preliminary 序言,预备,在前的
prelude 50 序曲,序言
premature 51 太早的
premium 52 额外费用,报酬,奖金
premonition 预先警告,预兆
preoccupy 53 盘据(心头),使凝神於
preponderate 54 重量超过,占优势
preposterous 55 荒谬,反理性的
prerequistite 必备之事物
prerogative 56 特权
presage 57 预示,预兆
prescince 预知,先见
prescribe 规定,命令
presence 存在,仪容
present 出席,在场的; 现在的; 提出,呈递
presentiment 58 预感
preserve 保藏,保存,保持
preside 主持,管理
presume 假定,推测
presumptuous 59 自大,傲慢的
presuppose 假定,推测
pretend 假装
pretentious 60 矫饰,傲慢的
pretext 61 藉口
prevail 盛行,流行,占优势
prevalent 流行,盛行的
prevent 阻止,妨碍
previous 先前,在前的
PRO 37.PUR
forward,before
向前,在前
字首 pro,pur 源出希腊文副词与介系词pro,和拉丁文介系词 pro,为forward,before 之意. pur 出自古法文,组成的单字很少. 如:profane 62 a. [不敬的,世俗的],源自拉丁文 profanus,字根 fan 有 [庙宇] 的意思 [拉丁文作 fanum n.m.],原指[在庙前],也作 [在庙外],庙外自然是俗人,即为 [世俗] 之意. prohibit v. [禁止] 拉丁文作 prohibere,字根 hib 有have 的意思 (拉丁文 habere),原义为hold before,接著引申为keep away,最后成为 [制止,禁止]. prostitute n. [妓女]源出拉丁文 prostituere v. [置於前],字根 stitute 有 stand 的意思,接著prostituere 引申成为 [使抛头露面],而至於 [卖淫],英文 prostitute 便逐渐有了 [妓女] 的意思.
portend 预示,预兆
portentous 奇特,不祥的
portray 画像,描绘
proceed 继续,进行
porcess 进行,过程
proclaim 正式宣称
proclivity 倾向,癖性
procreate 制造,生产
procure 取得
prodigal 挥霍,奢侈,浪费的
produce 产生,制造,引起
profane 世俗的
profess 伪称,声称
profession 职业
proffer 提供,提出
proficient 精通,熟谙的
profile 侧面像,轮廓
profligate 恣意,放荡的
profound 深深感觉,极深,奥妙的
profuse 浪费的
progenitor 起源,祖先,前辈
progeny 子孙,后代
prognosis 病状之预断
prognosticate 预测,预言
program 节目,计画,节目单
progress 进步,改进
prohibit 禁止
project 投影於; 设计,计画
prolix 冗长的
prologue 开场白,序言
prolong 延长
prominent 显著的
promiscuous 各式各样,杂乱的
promise 答应,允诺
promote 擢升,促进
prompt 迅速,立刻的; 驱使,激起
promulgate 颁布,公布
pronounce 断言,宣称,清楚地发音
propel 推动,驱使
propensity 倾向
prophecy 预言
prophesy 预言
propitiate 使息怒,抚慰
propitious 慈悲,有利,吉利的
proportion 比例,均衡
propose 提议
proposition 意见,提议
propound 提出
propulsion 推进
proscribe 禁止
prosecute 进行,实行; 告发,控告,起诉
prospect 希望,展望,景色
prospective 预期的
prosper 旺盛,兴隆
prostitute 娼妓
prostrate 俯卧,卧倒,使衰弱
protect 保护
protest 反对,抗议
protract 延长
protrude 伸出,突出
proverb 格言
provide 供给
provident 顾念将来,节约的
providential 幸运的
provisional 临时的
provoke 刺激,引起
purport 声称
purpose 用意,目的
pursue 追捕,追逐
- Her arrival was very opportune.她来得非常及时。
- The timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。
- He is obdurate in his convictions.他执着于自己所坚信的事。
- He remained obdurate,refusing to alter his decision.他依然固执己见，拒不改变决定。
- He delighted in his ability to obfuscate.他对自己有本事把别人搞得晕头转向感到得意。
- This message might appear if you obfuscate the solution code.如果您对解决方案代码进行模糊处理，可能显示此消息。
- It is obligatory for us to obey the laws.我们必须守法。
- It is obligatory on every citizen to safeguard our great motherland.保卫我们伟大的祖国是每一个公民应尽的义务。
- He made oblique references to her lack of experience.他拐弯抹角地说她缺乏经验。
- She gave an oblique look to one side.她向旁边斜看了一眼。
- Whole villages were obliterated by fire.整座整座的村庄都被大火所吞噬。
- There was time enough to obliterate memories of how things once were for him.时间足以抹去他对过去经历的记忆。
- These fires produce really obnoxious fumes and smoke.这些火炉冒出来的烟气确实很难闻。
- He is the most obnoxious man I know.他是我认识的最可憎的人。
- I must admit that maps obsess me.我得承认我对地图十分着迷。
- A string of scandals is obsessing America.美国正被一系列丑闻所困扰。
- These goods are obsolete and will not fetch much on the market.这些货品过时了，在市场上卖不了高价。
- They tried to hammer obsolete ideas into the young people's heads.他们竭力把陈旧思想灌输给青年。
- She's too obstinate to let anyone help her.她太倔强了，不会让任何人帮她的。
- The trader was obstinate in the negotiation.这个商人在谈判中拗强固执。
- He became still more dissatisfied with it and secretly did everything in his power to obstruct it.他对此更不满意，尽在暗里使绊子。
- The fallen trees obstruct the road.倒下的树将路堵住了。
- I'm sorry to obtrude on you at such a time.我很抱歉在这个时候打扰你。
- You had better not obtrude your opinions on others.你最好不要强迫别人接受你的意见。
- This is an ancient parable.这是一个古老的寓言。
- The minister preached a sermon on the parable of the lost sheep.牧师讲道时用了亡羊的比喻。
- He had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
- Moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外，本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。
- The story contains many levels of paradox.这个故事存在多重悖论。
- The paradox is that Japan does need serious education reform.矛盾的地方是日本确实需要教育改革。
- He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
- Man is the paragon of animals.人是万物之灵。
- You may read the prose paraphrase of this poem.你可以看一下这首诗的散文释义。
- Paraphrase the following sentences or parts of sentences using your own words.用你自己的话解释下面的句子或句子的一部分。
- The rain will percolate through the soil.雨水渗入土中。
- New fashions took a long time to percolate down.新时尚要很长时间才能在大众中流行起来。
- I wonder at her perennial youthfulness.我对她青春常驻感到惊讶。
- There's a perennial shortage of teachers with science qualifications.有理科教学资格的老师一直都很短缺。
- He began to perspire heavily.他开始大量出汗。
- You perspire a lot when you are eating.你在吃饭的时候流汗很多。
- The officer issued peremptory commands.军官发出了不容许辩驳的命令。
- There was a peremptory note in his voice.他说话的声音里有一种不容置辩的口气。
- As devotion unites lovers,so perfidy estranges friends.忠诚是爱情的桥梁，欺诈是友谊的敌人。
- The knowledge of Hurstwood's perfidy wounded her like a knife.赫斯渥欺骗她的消息像一把刀捅到了她的心里。
- It would be perverse to stop this healthy trend.阻止这种健康发展的趋势是没有道理的。
- She gets a perverse satisfaction from making other people embarrassed.她有一种不正常的心态，以使别人难堪来取乐。
- Reading such silly stories will pervert your taste for good books.读这种愚昧的故事会败坏你对好书的嗜好。
- Do not pervert the idea.别歪曲那想法。
- In an orchestra,people who play percussion instruments sit at the back.在管弦乐队中，演奏打击乐器的人会坐在后面。
- Percussion of the abdomen is often omitted.腹部叩诊常被省略。
- Water will easily permeate a cotton dress.水很容易渗透棉布衣服。
- After a while it begins to permeate through your skin.过了一会，它会开始渗入你的皮肤。
- The two lines of bones are set perpendicular to one another.这两排骨头相互垂直。
- The wall is out of the perpendicular.这墙有些倾斜。
- They persecute those who do not conform to their ideas.他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的人。
- Hitler's undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with worldwide condemnation.希特勒对犹太人的露骨迫害行为遭到世界人民的谴责。
- They are determined to persevere in the fight.他们决心坚持战斗。
- It is strength of character enabled him to persevere.他那坚强的性格使他能够坚持不懈。
- It is very perspicacious of you to find the cause of the trouble so quickly.你真是明察秋毫，问题的原因这么快就找出来了。
- He's an impartial and perspicacious judge.这位法官明镜高悬。
- His remark did not pertain to the question.他的话同这个问题不相干。
- It does not pertain to you to instruct him.你不适合教训他。
- I can affirm that he is tenacious and pertinacious as are few.我可以肯定，像他那样不屈不挠、百折不回的人是十分罕见的。
- Questions buzzed in his head like pertinacious bees.一连串问题在他脑子里盘旋着，就象纠缠不休的蜜蜂。
- The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme.那专家对规划提出了一些中肯的意见。
- These should guide him to pertinent questions for further study.这些将有助于他进一步研究有关问题。
- Stellar passings can perturb the orbits of comets.行星的运行会使彗星的轨道发生扰动。
- They perturb good social order with their lie and propaganda.他们以谎言和宣传扰乱良好的社会秩序。
- We perused the company's financial statements for the past five years.我们翻阅了公司过去5年来的财务报表。
- Please peruse this report at your leisure.请在空暇时细读这篇报道。
- Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives.科学和技术已经渗透到我们生活的每一个方面。
- The smell of sawdust and glue pervaded the factory.工厂里弥漫着锯屑和胶水的气味。
- The two debating teams argued the question pro and con.辩论的两组从赞成与反对两方面辩这一问题。
- Are you pro or con nuclear disarmament?你是赞成还是反对核裁军？
- Few of his works will go down to posterity.他的作品没有几件会流传到后世。
- The names of those who died are recorded for posterity on a tablet at the back of the church.死者姓名都刻在教堂后面的一块石匾上以便后人铭记。
- He received a posthumous award for bravery.他表现勇敢，死后受到了嘉奖。
- The legendary actor received a posthumous achievement award.这位传奇男星在过世后获得终身成就奖的肯定。
- I shall postpone making a decision till I learn full particulars.在未获悉详情之前我得从缓作出决定。
- She decided to postpone the converastion for that evening.她决定当天晚上把谈话搁一搁。
- There was the usual romantic postscript at the end of his letter.他的信末又是一贯的浪漫附言。
- She mentioned in a postscript to her letter that the parcel had arrived.她在信末附笔中说包裹已寄到。
- Is there a precedent for what you want me to do?你要我做的事有前例可援吗？
- This is a wonderful achievement without precedent in Chinese history.这是中国历史上亘古未有的奇绩。
- It occurs to me that example is always more efficacious than precept.我想到身教重于言教。
- The son had well profited by the precept and example of the father.老太爷的言传身教早已使他儿子获益无穷。
- I don't think we should make precipitate decisions.我认为我们不应该贸然作出决定。
- The king was too precipitate in declaring war.国王在宣战一事上过于轻率。
- We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我们努力排除任何误解的可能性。
- My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.按我目前的财务状况我是不可能买车的。
- They become precocious experts in tragedy.他们成了一批思想早熟、善写悲剧的能手。
- Margaret was always a precocious child.玛格丽特一直是个早熟的孩子。
- Error is often the precursor of what is correct.错误常常是正确的先导。
- He said that the deal should not be seen as a precursor to a merger.他说该笔交易不应该被看作是合并的前兆。
- It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
- The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。
- Washington was recognized as the preeminent spokesman of American Negroes by 1895. 到1895年,华盛顿被公认为美国黑人的卓越代言人。
- He is preeminent because his articles are well written. 他的文章写得很漂亮,卓尔不群。
- The prelude to the musical composition is very long.这首乐曲的序曲很长。
- The German invasion of Poland was a prelude to World War II.德国入侵波兰是第二次世界大战的序幕。
- It is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。
- The premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。
- You have to pay a premium for express delivery.寄快递你得付额外费用。
- Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated.在水库被污染之后，清水便因稀而贵了。
- But at the moment he had other things to preoccupy him.不过当时有另外的事情分了他的心。
- An intelligent man considers the prospect of failure,but he doesn't preoccupy himself with pointless worry.一个聪明的男人可以预见到失败，但他绝不会去无谓地担心。
- Christians preponderate in the population of that part of the country.基督教徒在该国那一地区的人口中居多。
- Oaks and maples preponderate in our woods.在我们的森林中，橡树与枫树占多数。
- The whole idea was preposterous.整个想法都荒唐透顶。
- It would be preposterous to shovel coal with a teaspoon.用茶匙铲煤是荒谬的。
- It is within his prerogative to do so.他是有权这样做的。
- Making such decisions is not the sole prerogative of managers.作这类决定并不是管理者的专有特权。
- The change could presage serious problems.这变化可能预示着有严重问题将要发生。
- The lowering clouds presage a storm.暗云低沉是暴风雨的前兆。
- He had a presentiment of disaster.他预感会有灾难降临。
- I have a presentiment that something bad will happen.我有某种不祥事要发生的预感。
- It would be presumptuous for anybody to offer such a view.任何人提出这种观点都是太放肆了。
- It was presumptuous of him to take charge.他自拿主张，太放肆了。
- He is a talented but pretentious writer.他是一个有才华但自命不凡的作家。
- Speaking well of yourself would only make you appear conceited and pretentious.自夸只会使你显得自负和虚伪。
- He used his headache as a pretext for not going to school.他借口头疼而不去上学。
- He didn't attend that meeting under the pretext of sickness.他以生病为借口，没参加那个会议。