时间:2019-02-03 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课
 

  英汉互译过程中,由于两种语言的表达方式的差别,既可能要将词类加以转换,又可能要在用词上加以增减。增词法即是迫翻译时按意义上(或修辞上)和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。


下面我们来举例看看:


例1. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final commuique.(增加动词)


分析:在英语中常只出现名词,而没有动词修辞,但译成汉语时要译出相应的动词,否则表意就不明确了。


译文:晚上在参加宴会,出席音乐会,观看乒乓球表演之后,他得起草最后公报。


例2.With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!(增加形容词)


分析:汉语中,我们常在形容词前加上修辞词加强表达的程度,而英语就没这个习惯了。


译文:中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊!


例3.The crowds melted away.(增加副词)


分析:“人群散开了。”不是很明确,是一下子就散了,还是慢慢的呢,而melt一词在英语中是“溶化”我们常用来形容“雪”等。


译文:人群渐渐地散开了。


例4.Day after day he came to his work----sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.(增加名词)


分析:英语中还常用动名词表示又名词,又有动作,汉译时应注意。


译文:他每天来干活---扫地,擦地板,收拾房间。


例5.He felt the patriot 1 rise within his breast.(增加抽象名词)


分析:patriot爱国者,但这里显然不合适,而就是“爱国”,可是若就译成“他感到一种爱国在胸中激荡”又有些不完整,而增加抽象名词使表意更加清楚。


译文:他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。


增加的内容还有很多,我们就不一一举例了,掌握好上面这几种情况,在作翻译时知道可以添加一些原文中暗含却未明确写出的词来使译文通顺、准确,但切忌胡乱添词,改变原文意思。


下面作一些练习,看看效果怎么样:


1.From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction.(1987年真题)


遗憾的是,过去我们总的目标方面意见是一致的,但涉及各个具体目标时,意见就不一致了,因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。(增加名词)


2.What a sight!


多么美的景色啊!(增加形容词)


3.Theory is something, but practice is everything.


理论固然重要,实践尤其重要。(增加副词)


4.There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats 2, no" ordinary Chinese " with paper flags and bouquets 3 of flowers.


没有发表讲话,没有各国外交官到场,也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。(增加动词)


5.He allowe the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.


他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情,而判决他儿子有罪。(增加抽象名词)



n.爱国者,爱国主义者
  • He avowed himself a patriot.他自称自己是爱国者。
  • He is a patriot who has won the admiration of the French already.他是一个已经赢得法国人敬仰的爱国者。
n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 );有手腕的人,善于交际的人
  • These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
  • The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.花束( bouquet的名词复数 );(酒的)芳香
  • The welcoming crowd waved their bouquets. 欢迎的群众摇动着花束。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • As the hero stepped off the platform, he was surrounded by several children with bouquets. 当英雄走下讲台时,已被几名手持花束的儿童围住了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
学英语单词
4-H'er
abdominal delivery
adjustable speed motor
afterword
anax guttatus
aneerood
babycar
belt freezing
beston
Bordeaux turpenting
burrowing organism
Byronian
campaign management firm
capricciosoes
carrying amount
ceflorin
Chakhmāq Bolāgh-e Pā'īn
class acts
Clemente
CLODRONIC
combined statement of income and earned surplus
compensation of guardian
concentric ellipses
denturist
diamond shape
DotGain
duplicate licence
dye-fixing agent
Elliott wave
exoplasmosis
fetal hemoglobin
field application relay
field-synchronizing impulse
flour bag cloth
forehand rent
Fosnavåg
frittoes
futura
genus gliricidias
genus Triglochin
hand brake lever arm
hernia taxis
hitchell
hunt for
in charge of
intersite transmission
jewelweed
juke box optical disk system
Kamitsushima
laqueary
lead-circuit
Lichtenhaag
look-aside registers
Lord Howe Rise
mama's boys
mellow consisting
milliangstrom
muonic neutrino
Myriophyllum alterniflorum
nadir plumment
nyctimenes
oil atomizer nozzle
osul
oxy welding
peritoneal folds
pesages
photokinesis
plundering
pneumatic thermostates
polar dial
primitive vertebrae
quick response excitation
rack stake
radiumluminescence
raining cats and dogs
real mass
Regional Association for South America
repleaders
root van
roughness integrator
scrabbled
selenographic chart
Shipunovskiy Rayon
Sims' position
sodium bicarbonate
soupless
submonomer
thermo-chemical dehydration
thermoelectric actinograph
thick-skinneds
Tibetia tongolensis
timber loader
transfer rabbit
Tymtey
unconditional branch operator
unkeenly
venetias
volemite
Všeruby
wightly
zemni
zero-field emission