XDF考研词汇辨析文本十五
时间:2019-02-03 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
academic adj.学院的, 理论的
解析:a student's academic average一个学生的学术能力
academic year学年
academic rank学衔
academic research学术研究
adjustment n.调整, 调节, 调节器
解析:make adjustment to适应
alter v.改变
解析:These clothes are too large; they must be altered.
这些衣服太大,得修改。
【同】change, convert, modify, transform
【辨析】change是最通俗的词,可以指各方面的改变;
alter和modify,convert都指在外观或用途上作轻微改变,alter最不正式,convert次之modify最正式,改变程度也以此排列,alter常用于修改服装;
transform注意它的词根是form,既是从形态上进行改变,也就是根本的改变。
amendment 1 n.改善, 改正
解析:The 19th Amendment to the Constitution gave women the right to vote.
宪法的第十九条修正案赋予了妇女的选举权。
present an amendment提出修正案
submit an amendment提出修正案
wrecking amendment大修正案(旨在把原议案全部推翻)
aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的
解析:【同】aware, conscious, sensible, awake, alert, watchful 2, vigilant 3
aware 暗示来自知觉的信息,可以是别人的态度,也可以是通过某种方法
Are you aware of your opponent's hostility 4? 你意识到了对手的敌意吗?
conscious强调某种感知到或感觉到的认识,sci表示人的心智或智力,如science:
An importance… of which even Americans are barely conscious. “一种甚至连美国人也几乎没有认识到的重要性。”
sensible指通过感性知觉或通过直觉得到的认识:
I am sensible that the mention of such a circumstance may appear trifling 5.
我觉得对这种细节的谈论是无聊的。
awake是对某件事有充分的意识:
As much awake to the novelty of attention in that quarter as Elizabeth herself.
在那一季对引人注意的新奇事物的感知象伊丽莎白自己一样多。
alert强调认识及反应的快捷性:
alert enough to spot the opportunity when it came当机会到来的时候充分认识到并攫住它
watchful,vigilant指注意那些危险的或有潜在危险的事物:
a watchful parent with a toddler in tow 一个注意照看蹒跚学步的小孩儿的家长
keeping a vigilant eye on every building where a fire might start注意每一座可能发生火灾的大楼
capacity n.容量, 生产量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力
解析:at full capacity以全(部)力(量), 满功率, 满负载
be filled to capacity客满; 挤得满满的
be packed to capacity客满; 挤得满满的
in one's capacity as(=in the capacity of)作为...; 以...资格(身分、职位)
to capacity达最大限度、满负载
capacity for...的能力
capacity of...的能力
capacity to do...的能力
capacity to...的能力
challenge n.挑战 vt.向..挑战
解析:a career that offers a challenge大有作为的事业
I challenged him to a game of chess.我要他与我下棋。
issue the challenge发出挑战
meet the challenge完成任务
offer the challenge提出任务
challenge sb. to a duel 6向某人要求决斗
clause n.子句,条款
解析:an execution clause执行条款
saving clause附言
compounds n.混合物adj.混合的v.混合,配合
解析:注意常用复数
compound interest 复利
compound a medicine配药
compound with sb.与…某人和解
conflict n.斗争,冲突,vi.抵触,冲突
解析:【同】 contest, combat, fight
【辨析】conflict 既可指敌对双方的斗争,也可指内部的某些矛盾。如:
internal conflict内部矛盾
contest 既指友谊性的竞赛,也指为争夺某物的带敌意的争斗。如:
an archery contest 射箭比赛
combat 多指格斗。如:
armed for combat准备格斗
fight常指个人或象征性的冲突,也可指与逆境的抗争。如:
the fight against fate 与命运抗争
consultation 7 n.请教,咨询,磋商,会诊
解析:注意与insult 的区别
in consultation with与…磋商
contact n.接触,联系 vt.接触,联系
解析:be in (out of) contact with与…有(没有)联系
bring into (throw in) contact with使…与联系
come into (in) contact with与…发生联系
have contact with与…联系
lose contact with失去与…的联系
make contact with和…接触联系
decline vi.下倾,下降,下垂v.婉拒,衰落n.下倾,下降,下垂
解析:fall into a decline开始衰落
sink into a decline开始衰落
on the decline 走下坡路
the decline of life 晚年,暮年
【同】refuse, reject
【辨析】decline指礼貌地拒绝提议或邀请;
refuse指坚决地不友善地拒绝别人的期望;
reject指通过抛弃或送走、专横地拒绝。
discretion 8 n.判断力
解析:at sb.'s discretion 由…随意决定
age (years) of discretion责任年龄
use one's (own) discretion 自行斟酌
draft n.草稿,草案,草图 v.草拟,起草
解析:on draft 散装的
a draft system征兵制
stand in a draft 站在通风处
- The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
- The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。
- The children played under the watchful eye of their father.孩子们在父亲的小心照看下玩耍。
- It is important that health organizations remain watchful.卫生组织保持警惕是极为重要的。
- He has to learn how to remain vigilant through these long nights.他得学会如何在这漫长的黑夜里保持警觉。
- The dog kept a vigilant guard over the house.这只狗警醒地守护着这所房屋。
- There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
- His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。
- They quarreled over a trifling matter.他们为这种微不足道的事情争吵。
- So far Europe has no doubt, gained a real conveniency,though surely a very trifling one.直到现在为止,欧洲无疑地已经获得了实在的便利,不过那确是一种微不足道的便利。
- The two teams are locked in a duel for first place.两个队为争夺第一名打得难解难分。
- Duroy was forced to challenge his disparager to duel.杜洛瓦不得不向诋毁他的人提出决斗。
- The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
- The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。
- You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。
- Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。