时间:2019-02-02 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   1. 名词


  名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
  1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。初中英语语法大全
  2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
  3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
  4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
  个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:
  _______________________________________
  |  |专有名词 |            |
  | 名 |     | 个体名词  |      |
  |  |     |      | 可数名词 |
  |  |     | 集体名词  |      |
  |  |普通名词 |      |      |
  | 词 |     | 物质名词  |      |
  |  |     |      | 不可数名词|
  |  |     | 抽象名词  |      |
  1.1 名词复数的规则变化
  ___________________________________________________
  情况   构成方法   读音    例词
  __________________________________________________
  一般情况   加 -s  1.清辅音后读/s/;  map-maps
  2.浊辅音和元音后  bag-bags
  读 /z/;     car-cars
  ___________________________________________________
  以s,sh,ch,
  x等结尾的词  加 -es  读 /iz/    bus-buses
  watch-watches
  ___________________________________________________
  以ce,se,ze,
  (d)ge等结尾
  的词      加 -s  读 /iz/  license-licenses
  ___________________________________________________
  以辅音字母+y  变y 为i
  结尾的词    再加es  读 /z/   baby---babies
  ___________________________________________________
  1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
  1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:
  如: two Marys     the Henrys
  monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
  比较: 层楼:storey ---storeys  story---stories
  2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
  a. 加s,如: photo---photos  piano---pianos
  radio---radios  zoo---zoos;
  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
  c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes
  3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
  safe---safes  gulf---gulfs;
  b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
  knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
  wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
  c. 均可,如: handkerchief:
  handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
  1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
  1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
  mouse---mice   man---men  woman---women
  注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
  如: an Englishman,two Englishmen 1. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
  2)单复同形 如:
  deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
  li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
  但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
  a dollar, two dollars;  a meter, two meters
  3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
  如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说
  a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
  如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
  4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
  a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
  b. news 是不可数名词。
  c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
  The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
  d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
  "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
  <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
  5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes
  若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

n.英国人;英格兰(男)人,英国(男)人( Englishman的名词复数 );英国人的家就是他的城堡(意即一个人的家是安全的私人场所)
  • Few Englishmen wear frock coats now.They went out years ago. 现在,英国人很少穿大礼服了,大礼服在多年以前就不时兴了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • During the disturbance which followed, three Englishmen were hurt. 在接下来的骚乱中,3名英国人受伤。 来自辞典例句
标签: 语法 名词
学英语单词
achlorophyllaceous
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alternative mechanism
amodiaquine
arch breaker
arch wire
aready
aural direction finder
batrachiate
before-and-after design
Benito Mussolini
Big Switch Networks
bivariate uniform distribution
blue skullcaps
bolalipid
brandisher
bransfield
building unit
calcaratus
cellulose number (value)
centric constriction
cercospora jatrophicola
chauncy
collar and cuff
contrastive study
control reach
convergent pencil
depanelization
diplazium lobatum
distribution system insulated from earth
elastic pin coupling
enteric bacteria
extrachromosomal inheritance
fire dogs
flashing current
flehmened
Fractilinea
French pox
genus Calymmatobacterium
Granatfullung
heteroploid (winkler 1916)aneuploidy(tackholm 1922)
hoosgow
hydrocyclist
imars
insulation testing
integrated circuit tester
internal convection
International Bulk Chemicals code
keep sight of
kite-balloon
Knightsbridge
l-benzoylglucuronic acid
laugh gas
liangshanin
madaket
microdrosophila (oxystyloptera) tecifrons
mineral mutrient
monzal
morran
mudvayne
Nash County
naval defense forces
negative lap
niess
non disclosure
normal withdrawal sequence
official short term credit
oily waste water treatment
Out of the Game
overfortification
payment deficit
plateau-iris glaucoma
polyarteritides
portable pacemaker
pummeled
quinidia
Raffingora
rassies
RFID chip
sampling system of motor vehicle emissions
Sarmatism
sea color index
sea dace
sempstressy
similarity
single engine single-shaft system
sports deck
step current
supercategory
sybra flavostriata
truncated pyramid
tubing hanger alignment slot
twack
U. S. Army Special Forces
unbewailing
under-glaze decoration
unhurriedness
uraniums
verification of assumptions
welans -anys
white army
white interface