时间:2019-02-02 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   1. 名词


  名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
  1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。初中英语语法大全
  2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
  3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
  4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
  个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:
  _______________________________________
  |  |专有名词 |            |
  | 名 |     | 个体名词  |      |
  |  |     |      | 可数名词 |
  |  |     | 集体名词  |      |
  |  |普通名词 |      |      |
  | 词 |     | 物质名词  |      |
  |  |     |      | 不可数名词|
  |  |     | 抽象名词  |      |
  1.1 名词复数的规则变化
  ___________________________________________________
  情况   构成方法   读音    例词
  __________________________________________________
  一般情况   加 -s  1.清辅音后读/s/;  map-maps
  2.浊辅音和元音后  bag-bags
  读 /z/;     car-cars
  ___________________________________________________
  以s,sh,ch,
  x等结尾的词  加 -es  读 /iz/    bus-buses
  watch-watches
  ___________________________________________________
  以ce,se,ze,
  (d)ge等结尾
  的词      加 -s  读 /iz/  license-licenses
  ___________________________________________________
  以辅音字母+y  变y 为i
  结尾的词    再加es  读 /z/   baby---babies
  ___________________________________________________
  1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
  1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:
  如: two Marys     the Henrys
  monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
  比较: 层楼:storey ---storeys  story---stories
  2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
  a. 加s,如: photo---photos  piano---pianos
  radio---radios  zoo---zoos;
  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
  c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes
  3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
  safe---safes  gulf---gulfs;
  b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
  knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
  wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
  c. 均可,如: handkerchief:
  handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
  1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
  1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
  mouse---mice   man---men  woman---women
  注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
  如: an Englishman,two Englishmen 1. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
  2)单复同形 如:
  deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
  li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
  但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
  a dollar, two dollars;  a meter, two meters
  3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
  如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说
  a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
  如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
  4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
  a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
  b. news 是不可数名词。
  c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
  The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
  d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
  "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
  <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
  5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes
  若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

n.英国人;英格兰(男)人,英国(男)人( Englishman的名词复数 );英国人的家就是他的城堡(意即一个人的家是安全的私人场所)
  • Few Englishmen wear frock coats now.They went out years ago. 现在,英国人很少穿大礼服了,大礼服在多年以前就不时兴了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • During the disturbance which followed, three Englishmen were hurt. 在接下来的骚乱中,3名英国人受伤。 来自辞典例句
标签: 语法 名词
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