时间:2019-02-02 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   1. 名词


  名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
  1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。初中英语语法大全
  2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
  3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
  4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
  个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:
  _______________________________________
  |  |专有名词 |            |
  | 名 |     | 个体名词  |      |
  |  |     |      | 可数名词 |
  |  |     | 集体名词  |      |
  |  |普通名词 |      |      |
  | 词 |     | 物质名词  |      |
  |  |     |      | 不可数名词|
  |  |     | 抽象名词  |      |
  1.1 名词复数的规则变化
  ___________________________________________________
  情况   构成方法   读音    例词
  __________________________________________________
  一般情况   加 -s  1.清辅音后读/s/;  map-maps
  2.浊辅音和元音后  bag-bags
  读 /z/;     car-cars
  ___________________________________________________
  以s,sh,ch,
  x等结尾的词  加 -es  读 /iz/    bus-buses
  watch-watches
  ___________________________________________________
  以ce,se,ze,
  (d)ge等结尾
  的词      加 -s  读 /iz/  license-licenses
  ___________________________________________________
  以辅音字母+y  变y 为i
  结尾的词    再加es  读 /z/   baby---babies
  ___________________________________________________
  1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
  1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:
  如: two Marys     the Henrys
  monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
  比较: 层楼:storey ---storeys  story---stories
  2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
  a. 加s,如: photo---photos  piano---pianos
  radio---radios  zoo---zoos;
  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
  c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes
  3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
  safe---safes  gulf---gulfs;
  b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
  knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
  wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
  c. 均可,如: handkerchief:
  handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
  1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
  1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
  mouse---mice   man---men  woman---women
  注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
  如: an Englishman,two Englishmen 1. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
  2)单复同形 如:
  deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
  li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
  但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
  a dollar, two dollars;  a meter, two meters
  3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
  如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说
  a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
  如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
  4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
  a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
  b. news 是不可数名词。
  c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
  The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
  d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
  "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
  <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
  5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes
  若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

n.英国人;英格兰(男)人,英国(男)人( Englishman的名词复数 );英国人的家就是他的城堡(意即一个人的家是安全的私人场所)
  • Few Englishmen wear frock coats now.They went out years ago. 现在,英国人很少穿大礼服了,大礼服在多年以前就不时兴了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • During the disturbance which followed, three Englishmen were hurt. 在接下来的骚乱中,3名英国人受伤。 来自辞典例句
标签: 语法 名词
学英语单词
12-Lipoxygenase
Adams method
alphettes
ameland i.
annular saw
anuclear
avena fatus
averoff
ballizing
bead-and-batten work
Bila Tserkva
bornyl formate
buy and write
CALCICHORDATA
Calyx seu Fructus Physalis
carbon sink
Caspian tigers
Cctv, closed-circuit television.
centrifuge rotating blade
chapping sore
chloroacetates
class B telephone
commendams
constant ratio frequency convertor
constant voltage/constant current power supply
coordinatior
cyberbreaches
cystideans
Day Seamount
deepetching
devil's dung
digital videotape recorder
discrete fourier series
doodle-e-squat
downsweep
electrostatic-precipitator
emergent year
encode control
end entity
evaporation ratio
feros
ffag synchrotron
fore-announce
genus Francisella
gross money supply
hairedness
heavy chain class
hereditary neutropenia
Herschel, Sir William
in the depth of night
Isocarbamid
laser microanalysis
legal ouster
legalizers
local-elections
loncars
longitudinal clinometer
lysitol
magnon side band
male force
mislevy
money shop
Mīr Hasan
optical projection reading device
parameter learning
pastey
peccaries
perming
plant-cane
pleomorphous bacteria
posthistory
Pseudosasa yuelushanensis
RDO
reincubation
root diameter of thread
rotational diffusion
saarlands
saccharide
see someone further
ship radio silence
shore end of submarine cable
special equipment for locomotive operation
split(-film) fibre
stored database
Strangeways
stud driver
superhelixes
Syntetrex
tank monitoring system
taunter
Teocelo
Tina, Mt.
torchet
transglottic
Trichobilharzia jianensis
tropical gal
two generations
ustilago eleocharidis
USW (ultra-short wave)
vehicle clearance circle
washing agent
zealotisms