时间:2019-02-01 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

 摘要:学英语要掌握大量的词汇,而掌握好词缀,是提高词汇量的有效途径。比如, 在某些动词后面加上象“-er, -or, etc.”就可以构成名词,表示“从事某种职业的 人”或者“某一类的人”。仔细观察一下,会发现其略有不同。下面,将表示“人”的词缀加以分类总结。


一、从社会层次、地位、工作职务上来看: 
1、加“-er ”可表示“人”,这类词多数情况下表示的人物社会地位较低,或从历史上看较低。 
例:beginner初学者/新手, driver司机,teacher教师,labourer劳动者,runner跑步者/信使,skier滑雪者,swimmer游泳者,observer观测者/观察员, murderer杀人犯passenger旅客, traveller旅游者,learner学习者/初学者, lover爱好者,worker工人, researcher研究员,printer印刷工,gardener园艺工, owner 主人,wrestler摔交者等 
2、加“-or ”可表示“人”,这类词多数情况下表示的人物社会地位较高,或从历史上看较高。 
例:doctor博士或医生, tutor(大学)指导教师/ 助教/ 监护人,director主任 
compositor排版师,collector收藏家, instructor 1教员/指导者 
3、加“-ist ”/ “-an”可表示“人”,这类词多数情况下表示事业有成就或较为特殊的人, 
例: artist艺术家, scientist科学家, physicist 2 物理学家, journalist新闻记者 
dentist 牙医, instrumentalist乐器演奏家/ 乐器家, meteorologist气象学家 
historian 历史学家 , technician技术员, 技师,vegetarian 3 食素者 
也有个别例外,象cyclist骑脚踏车的人, motorcyclist乘机车者 
二、从性别上来看:
通常加“-er / -or ” 多为“男性”, 加“-ess”多为女性 
waiter男招待 waitress女服务员 
steward(轮船, 飞机等)乘务员, 干事 stewardess 4 (轮船, 飞机等)女乘务员 
actor 男演员 actress女演员 
instructor男教员,男指导 instructress女教师, 女指导 
lawyer律师 lawyeress女律师 
三、从主动、被动上来看, 加“-er \- or”为主动,加“-ee ”为被动 
examiner 主考人、监考员 examinee 参加考试者、受试人(被监考者) 
employer 雇主(雇佣别人) employee雇员(被雇佣) 
interviewer会见者 interviewee.被接见者, 被访问者 
四、有时会直接用表示人的词构词,象-boy , -girl, -man, -woman, 
cowboy牛仔, playboy花花公子, salesgirl女店员,salesperson推销员, 
workman工人, postman邮递员,workwomen劳动妇女

n.指导者,教员,教练
  • The college jumped him from instructor to full professor.大学突然把他从讲师提升为正教授。
  • The skiing instructor was a tall,sunburnt man.滑雪教练是一个高高个子晒得黑黑的男子。
n.物理学家,研究物理学的人
  • He is a physicist of the first rank.他是一流的物理学家。
  • The successful physicist never puts on airs.这位卓有成就的物理学家从不摆架子。
n.素食者;adj.素食的
  • She got used gradually to the vegetarian diet.她逐渐习惯吃素食。
  • I didn't realize you were a vegetarian.我不知道你是个素食者。
n.空中小姐,女乘务员
  • Please show your ticket to the stewardess when you board the plane.登机时请向空中小姐出示机票。
  • The stewardess hurried the passengers onto the plane.空中小姐催乘客赶快登机。
标签: 词缀
学英语单词
absolute rate
acine
afics
alpha-Aminotoluene
ammonium valerate elixir
Barton Hill
beater dyeing
boundary-crossing
breast fleet
canary
canvassy
cedar wood battery separator
cembra nut tree
chrome plated
climate optimum
column tray
command retry
commutation matrix
control element assembly
cors
cultural institutions
current annual expenditure
Darkshewitsch's nuclei
diabetogenic factor
diarylmethane dye
differential reaction
dioxyadenine
diphenazine
El-Aksur
enucloator
financial panic
fire-brick lining
flood-diversion area
fly girl
for life
fused silica glass
gorgasia taiwanensis
greysons
gulfs of aqaba
hemonephrosis
hungshui
hyper-expansion
incisura mandibul?
input-output control module
is called
Katunitsa
ketocarotenoid
Lamellariidae
linenfolds
lithosphere slab
Lychnophora
Mahgrib
main connection
maximum likelihood line
myelotherapy
Mörsch
nitron
noise pickup coil
Norsk Hydro process
offshoots
onycho-
outshet
over-orders
overindulges
palmitic acid cetyl ester
parallel pipelined processor
perchloroheteroaromatic
perihermeneias
petrole
precloacal
private litigation
profenofos
quantitative shape recovery
radio countermeasure
radio telegram (wireless message)
refunnelling
retarrde thinner
ropes off
schmaltziest
security door
serial digital
Shchugor
sodium p-benzylaminobenzene sulfonate
sole draft
spare change
splitting parameter
stage pocket
Stamicarbon melamine process
step approximation
styreneacrylonitrile resin
subdivisionate
supporting carrier
tick-weeds
tightenings
toyhouse
tubercula ephippii
tuberculous perianal abscess
two wave length microscope
unsolicited ofers
Warcupiella
warehouse company
workflow enactment service