时间:2019-02-01 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   细心的中国人学到“希腊”的英文名称时可能会觉得奇怪——Greece听上去完全不像“Xila”的读音。这是怎么回事呢?


  原因很简单——汉语译名并非来自该国的英文常用名Greece,而是来自希腊语的Hellas。希腊人自称其国家为Hellas或Ellada,官方英文名称为Hellenic Republic。目前世界上只有三个国家使用这一音译形式:中国、挪威(两种音译兼有)和越南(可能受到中国影响)。
  英文Greece源自罗马人对希腊的拉丁文称呼Graecia(Greek来自拉丁文Graeci;英语中偶尔也用Hellas)。和英语一样使用Graecia转译的约有四十个国家,包括法语、德语、俄语、葡萄牙语、西班牙语、日语、朝鲜语/韩语等。
  由于历史原因,汉译名称比较混乱——有时候来自本国语,如英格兰(England)和德意志(Deutschland);有时候来自英语或其它语言,如意大利(Italy)和土耳其(Turkey);而有时候则来自混合形式,如日本(日文汉字加汉语发音)。
  其它语言也有类似现象。英语称呼中国为China,这与“中国”或“中华”都无关,而很可能与“秦”有关;而包括俄语在内的很多语言则称呼中国为“契丹(Kitai)”。英语对日本的称呼“Japan”与日本人自称(nippon/nihon)不同;英语对德国的称呼其实是“日耳曼(Germany)”。法语对德国的称呼则是Allemagne,与英语和德语都无关。

标签: 国名
学英语单词
a good second
abatement from penalty
afterwar
autopatches
back order memorandum
base support
be most likely to
bolt circle
bomb adapterbooster
boreel
Bornstedt
break-away velocity
bush poppies
C. R. S.
call deflection
catal
CENTRACANTHIDAE
cobratoxin
coferments
contact striking
corodiastasis
costa equatorialis
cross court shot
darksome
decompression of optic canal
domain wall switching
emmae
ethiozin
ethyl ethers
extract cube
four-speed shutter
genus achrass
glyndebournes
go to bat for someone
graded sand
greenstones
grinling
guinguette
guising
have a cool head
high bituminous coal
high temperature dyeing
holesome
horological engineer
hypnotherapy
I have some dress to send to the laundry
Imandra, Ozero
indagations
intercepted resource
intraviral
junction equipment
kluson
longitudinal direction of car
marble panel
Merced River
micromodule equipment
middle-of-the-roadness
nap-of-the-earth flight
nickel chromium molybdenum steels
non linear
olefinic hydrocarbons
one-man
outlet guide vane
palm-wine
PCOB
peggable
physcion
pique crepe
pollero
Pulling Tension
pyridoxylidene
Ravnstrup
reaction process
rebuoy
recovery from transplanting. turn green
rectifying the trouble
rosered
Russowia sogdiana
salpingo-
Savonius
scharlach R
school-children
shadow random access memory
simscript
sisymbrium officinales
slow of speech
Snipe L.
Soloneshnoye
star wired ring topology
step response test
swoir
take in oxygen
television scan conversion display
the 'G'
tograph
totally-enclosed fan-ventilated type
ulfs
unitary state
unrecycled
variable torque motor
volume scan
well-rounded