时间:2019-02-01 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   细心的中国人学到“希腊”的英文名称时可能会觉得奇怪——Greece听上去完全不像“Xila”的读音。这是怎么回事呢?


  原因很简单——汉语译名并非来自该国的英文常用名Greece,而是来自希腊语的Hellas。希腊人自称其国家为Hellas或Ellada,官方英文名称为Hellenic Republic。目前世界上只有三个国家使用这一音译形式:中国、挪威(两种音译兼有)和越南(可能受到中国影响)。
  英文Greece源自罗马人对希腊的拉丁文称呼Graecia(Greek来自拉丁文Graeci;英语中偶尔也用Hellas)。和英语一样使用Graecia转译的约有四十个国家,包括法语、德语、俄语、葡萄牙语、西班牙语、日语、朝鲜语/韩语等。
  由于历史原因,汉译名称比较混乱——有时候来自本国语,如英格兰(England)和德意志(Deutschland);有时候来自英语或其它语言,如意大利(Italy)和土耳其(Turkey);而有时候则来自混合形式,如日本(日文汉字加汉语发音)。
  其它语言也有类似现象。英语称呼中国为China,这与“中国”或“中华”都无关,而很可能与“秦”有关;而包括俄语在内的很多语言则称呼中国为“契丹(Kitai)”。英语对日本的称呼“Japan”与日本人自称(nippon/nihon)不同;英语对德国的称呼其实是“日耳曼(Germany)”。法语对德国的称呼则是Allemagne,与英语和德语都无关。

标签: 国名
学英语单词
accumulation account
air drawing
ambrosterol
assertivenesses
autoimmunology
bandmembers
banking business
be on the roop
booming income
capslocks
casting-out
central canal of vitreous
chasur
check signing machine
chelation therapy
child art
Class G
conceal wiring
continuous air sampling
continuous corrections
database object
decimetric feeder
deentrainment
Demotic script
direct primaries
disclosure of accounting policies
dondelinger
egg dumplings stuffed with minced pork
egnell
electric blind-riveting tool
entocyte
erlenborn
exfil
family Gasterophilidae
fieber
figured weave
film rewinder
financial accumulation
followee
free choice feeding
fundamental respiration
fuzhou
Goldschmidt thermite reduction
gradient determination
grading machine
greatgrandfathers
greeniella lahoarei
grid amplitude
hanked
hydroferrocyanic
imaginative
in the mail
infuriating
interim budget
international contract
intracrinology
iron ores
la'ie
living dictionary
manifold effect
mappemonde
member as of right
multiple deck classifier
non cylindrical grain
open number
ordering operator
pipemaker
planiscapus
polynomial interpolating function
porque
preselector stage
presentation of data
purge rate
push-button tuner
radial route
radio defense
rate-limitings
re-entry thermal energy
respecter
ribbon spiral
scandalisation
select a chart type
Shahrisabz
shell knocker
speed-up gears
spiritual leaders
ST_politics_taking-action-against-people-in-power
stewings
subtilin
supercirculation
tang style horse
tape path
tar boil
tirole
to separate
translational invariance
tricholemmomas
tuberculous adenitis (in swine)
uprears
uriflumine
Weltliteratur
Yippieland