时间:2019-02-01 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   细心的中国人学到“希腊”的英文名称时可能会觉得奇怪——Greece听上去完全不像“Xila”的读音。这是怎么回事呢?


  原因很简单——汉语译名并非来自该国的英文常用名Greece,而是来自希腊语的Hellas。希腊人自称其国家为Hellas或Ellada,官方英文名称为Hellenic Republic。目前世界上只有三个国家使用这一音译形式:中国、挪威(两种音译兼有)和越南(可能受到中国影响)。
  英文Greece源自罗马人对希腊的拉丁文称呼Graecia(Greek来自拉丁文Graeci;英语中偶尔也用Hellas)。和英语一样使用Graecia转译的约有四十个国家,包括法语、德语、俄语、葡萄牙语、西班牙语、日语、朝鲜语/韩语等。
  由于历史原因,汉译名称比较混乱——有时候来自本国语,如英格兰(England)和德意志(Deutschland);有时候来自英语或其它语言,如意大利(Italy)和土耳其(Turkey);而有时候则来自混合形式,如日本(日文汉字加汉语发音)。
  其它语言也有类似现象。英语称呼中国为China,这与“中国”或“中华”都无关,而很可能与“秦”有关;而包括俄语在内的很多语言则称呼中国为“契丹(Kitai)”。英语对日本的称呼“Japan”与日本人自称(nippon/nihon)不同;英语对德国的称呼其实是“日耳曼(Germany)”。法语对德国的称呼则是Allemagne,与英语和德语都无关。

标签: 国名
学英语单词
affixoid
appeasatory
area character coding
ass crack
avauntour
Bachmann's bundle
bag sealing machine
bananaquits
bangara r.
big-cone spruces
Boucherot squirrel-cage winding
brain scanner
came out of our shell
cattle truck
claviculate
coal grading
Cobue
colour tint
comparative international measurement
congenital atresia of vas deferens
crepes suzette
crippling strain
Cross-piling
cutter collet
deck cargo
drawing portions from the depreciation fund for fixed assets
Durbis
effective bandwidth
electroluminor
eosentomon shalihsienense
ethoxyquin
fayrer
follicular lutein cell
generalized patterson projection
get a kick out of
glomerella stephaniae
golden boy
grouping of radiobeacon
gurmander
halo signs
harman
hearthstoning
high-resolution atomic absorption spectrometry
holomyarial
Indomustine
inductive analysis
Island Pond
Kelsey Lake
Kiyāt
l1/l2/l3 cache memory
Lachman test
liquor formaldehydi
loop-network
looped bar
makes much of
mean arithmetic
mishope
musterde
mutualnesses
Ninda
nitric acid fuming
nonadopters
nopalin G
one-dimensionality
ouloid
pagetoid osteitis
Paramicina
pian datre
Pommerit-le-Vicomte
power residue
ppr
psoriasis en plaques
pulling-off silk end
quail-dove
Rapid Access Computing Environment
rectifying probe
retirement accounts
Rexist
richtuis
separate heterodyne
sernin
seventy-seven
Silene L.
single output system
spinal gill musculature
strategic choice
street pattern
supplementary live steam pipe
symbol table valued variable
system-managed
took liberties
toulons
transcervical
Tronothane
umbravirus
underpreciated currency
untile
wall follower
weighted squared error loss function
white grape
withal
workability admixture