时间:2019-01-23 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课
 

  由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,所以在我们英译汉时常遇到一些句子无法按原文的词性译成汉语;或是勉强译成汉语了,也不通顺,或根本不符合我们的说话习惯,这时就要用到词类的转换了。


词类的转换可分为四种:转译成动词,转译成名词,转译成形容词,其它词类互译。


一、转译成动词


汉语和英语相比,动词用的较多,英语中常只有一个谓语动词,汉语则常有几个动词连用。


例如:He admires the President's stated decision to fight for the job.(他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩)。英语中只有admire是动词。译成汉语后则有几个动词了。


1、名词-->动词


英语中有很多动词派生成名词的词,含有动作意味的名词,加后缀-er的名词,这时翻译时要适当选择其词性翻译。


例1:Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.


分析:application=>apply, exploration=>explore.这两个词都是由动词派生成名词的,所以汉译时根据汉语习惯译成动词。


译文:火箭已经用来探索宇宙。


例2:The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing 1.


分析:sight, sound这两个词都有一定的动作意味。注意sound这个词,是听见飞机的声音,汉译时要注意加词(加词法后同再详细讲)。


译文:看到我们的喷气飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。


例3:I am afraid I can't teach you swimming, I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.


分析:teacher,是老师意思,若译成:我认为我弟弟是一个比我好的老师。也凑合,但和上文说起来就有点别扭了。


译文:我未必会教你游泳,我想我小弟比我得好。


2、形容词-->动词


英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词,在联系动词后作表语用时,往往译成汉语的动词。常见的有:confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware,concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious, grateful, able,etc.


例4:The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint.


分析:这个还比较容易看的,按意思往下翻就行,be able:常译作“能够...”。


译文:她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。


3、副词-->动词


例5:As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.


分析:这种词本身也有动作的意味的,或者也有的可以和前面的动词组成词组。


译文:他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。


4、介词-->动词


例6:Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS.


分析:介词against:反对,和上面的3中一样,有一定的动作意味,但英语中确是介词、副词,汉语的习惯就必须译成动词。


译文:许多实验室正在研制潜治疗艾滋病的药物。


 


我们来练习一下吧!注意划线部分的译法:)


1.Success is dependent on his effort.


2.She opened the window to let fresh air in.


3.I barreled straight ahead, across the harbour and out over the sea.


4.Interest in historical methods has arisen, less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.(99年真题)


5.Additional social stressess may also occur because of the population explosion problems arising from mass migration 2 movements--themselves made relatively 3 easy nowadays by modern means of transport.(2000真题)


参考译文:


1、成功与否取决于他的努力。(2)


2、她把窗子打开,让新鲜空气进来。(3)


3、我笔直向前高速飞行,越过港口,飞临海面。(4)


4、人们之所以关注历史研究的方法,主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大,其次才是因为外界并不认识历史是一门学科。(1)


5、由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易)所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。(2)



n.(for)渴望
  • Hearing the tune again sent waves of longing through her.再次听到那首曲子使她胸中充满了渴望。
  • His heart burned with longing for revenge.他心中燃烧着急欲复仇的怒火。
n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
  • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
adv.比较...地,相对地
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
学英语单词
agricultural laborer
aluminium sulphide
angular scattering function
apparent angle of friction
auditor's supervisory responsibilities
auxil.v.
blowcock
Borel sets
carrier transfer filters
case in a casation-revisional proccedure
cetrelia japonica
Chorley cakes
cine-cameras
complication of fracture-dislocation of spine
coplanar orbit
coziest
crowned roller path
diamagnetic susceptibility
dilogy
discrete bit optical memory
electricity system
elrich
end-journal
endobyssate
enlengthen
event-related
exfoliative psoriasis
expendable drive point
extended band amplification
figure-casting
find shelter
giga-amps
goat's trill
highfat
keratoma plantare sulcatum
Kommunizm
kyphosus cinerascens
lapping machines
late model
law of chemical equilibrium
looped-in supply
lusakite (cobaltoan staurolite)
meal ticket
Measured reserves
Met.O.
metaphire californica
Minin lamp
Mucedinaceae
multi-layer
multi-plate steering clutch
nameplate lamp
negative working capital
neocentromeric
nerdisms
operational limit diagram
overdispersal
papilio hopponis
pasel
payload capability
political constraints
polyendocrinopathy
popularly
powdered mo(u)lding
predestinies
primary homothallism
Puquio
quality control
random access method of accounting control
Rankine scale
ravenswoods
real page
reflux
rennervate
Retirolândia
rice bowl
ruleset
Scapanorhy oweni
schistosity
seasoned fish meal
seigel
Semiozernyy Rayon
ship convertion
sioli
skin reactive factor
sliding skin flap
soleirolias
somnirol
stability determination
steamhammer piling machine
structure of coordination
substrate shaping
tachygraphist
torus cooling system heat exchanger
tractor feeder
transveyer
Trie
triple mirror
tymchuk
upswinging
virgin kerosene
yuccas