时间:2019-01-23 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课
由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,所以在我们英译汉时常遇到一些句子无法按原文的词性译成汉语;或是勉强译成汉语了,也不通顺,或根本不符合我们的说话习惯,这时就要用到词类的转换了。

词类的转换可分为四种:转译成动词,转译成名词,转译成形容词,其它词类互译。


一、转译成名词


1、名词派生转用的动词


英语中有很多由名词派生及名词转用的动词,而汉语中我们不易或无法找到相应的动词,这时候就要将其转译为汉语的名词了。


例1:Formality has always characterized their relationship.


分析:character=>characterize.由名词派生成的动词,意为“具有...的特征”但翻译时不如转译为名词,更易表达,更符合汉语的习惯。


译文:他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。


例2:To them, he personified the absolute power.


分析:person==>personify,同样道理,若是译成动词的话。“是...的化身;赋予...人性”等,不太汉语的习惯的,看看下面的译法就更好理解了。


译文:在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。


名词转用的动词


例3:Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.


分析:这类译法讲原因其实很难的,还是常用的那句话,一定要符合汉语的习惯,只要把意义准确通顺地表达。那么汉语有什么习惯呢,常用的有这些。(见最下面)


译文:美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命后,在大气层中焚毁。


2、英语的被动句


有些英语被动式句子中的动词,可以译成“爱(遭)到....+名词”、“予(加)以+名词”这类结构。


例3:Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S. press and officialdom during this period, victimized for his views. 


分析:由于汉语不如英语爱用被动句,所以尽量译成主动句,而不宜译成主动句,就可以用这种方法来译。也可以把这些被动式的译法做为考研翻译的标准译法。


译文:在这期间,斯诺受到了美国新闻界和政界极不公正的对待,由于他的观点,他受到了迫害。


3、形容词==>名词


英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人,汉泽时常译成名词。


例4:They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.


分析:这个还是很好理解的,就直接记住定冠词+形容词可以表示某一类的人,译成名词就行了。


译文:他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员(救死扶伤)。


此外,根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。


例5:The Wilde family were religious.


分析:这类词在英语中用法表意很准确,但汉译时若只按字面翻译就有不明确或不准确。当然这句话只说他们家人很虔诚也没有错,但译文就说明他们家人都是教徒。(当然这个有上下文就更好理解了。)


译文:王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。


 


我们来练习一下吧!注意划线部分的译法:)


1.They were considered insincere.


2.This solar cell is only 7% efficient.


3.As the war progressed, he would symbolize 1 their frustrations,the embodiment of all evils.


4.In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted 2 against the sky.


5.Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged 3 at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth.


参考译文:


1、他们被人认为是伪君子。(3)


2、这只太阳能电池的效率只有7%。(3)


3、随着战争的进行,他成了他们受挫的象征,成了一切坏事的化身。(1)


4、黎明时,天空映出了瞭望塔的轮廓。(1)


5、由于经常受到太阳、月亮及地球引力的影响,卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。(2)


 


英语、汉语习惯九条:


1、英语重结构,汉语重语义。


2、英语多从句,汉语多分句。


3、英语多代词,汉语多名词。


4、英语多被动,汉语多主动。


5、英语多变化,汉语多重复。


6、英语多抽象,汉语多具体。


7、英语多引申,汉语多推理。


8、英语多省略,汉语多补充。


9、英语多前重,汉语多后重。



vt.作为...的象征,用符号代表
  • Easter eggs symbolize the renewal of life.复活蛋象征新生。
  • Dolphins symbolize the breath of life.海豚象征着生命的气息。
显出轮廓的,显示影像的
  • We could see a church silhouetted against the skyline. 我们可以看到一座教堂凸现在天际。
  • The stark jagged rocks were silhouetted against the sky. 光秃嶙峋的岩石衬托着天空的背景矗立在那里。
v.用力拉,使劲拉,猛扯( tug的过去式和过去分词 )
  • She tugged at his sleeve to get his attention. 她拽了拽他的袖子引起他的注意。
  • A wry smile tugged at the corner of his mouth. 他的嘴角带一丝苦笑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
学英语单词
-istically
abandoned wife
adenylylsulfate kinase
advertising-driven
arifa
automotive design engineering
bank check deposit on major repair fund
becker's pigmented hairy nevus
carboxymethocel
Carex lithophila
CASPA
cell-phones
Chateauneuf-en-Thymerais
computer test equipment
condamine
congenital lymphedema
cube photometer
debind
diprobutine
elastic time effect
engine nameplate
eposculation
ethnogeny
faik
feet on the ground
fenestrated membranes
file translation language
first market
fleeman
fore-and-aft survey
fully dissociated signalling
gamma-hydroxybutyric acids
genus swainsonas
go to hospital
Gossypium herbaceum L.
high-pressure electrolysis
higueron
hymenial peridium
immediate transmission
in furs
incorrect grinding of tool
information anxiety
injection rinsing machine
inner race
intercerebral fissure
Keratea
kreamer
leiognathus berbis
Lobelia dortmanna
Mangolovolo
mathematical routine
media advisory
melanised
melanoleuca
mirabello
monoperacetic acid
morphine meconate
msg (monosodium glutamate)
needlelace
neelds
negative hull return dc single system
neutron deficiency
non-sequential stochastic programming
nontabulated
oary boat
one-people
over-over communication
oxydothis elaeidis
pestalotiopsis funerea
pledge taker
polansky
porous bearing metal
positioning of crosshead guide
postcribrum
preservation technology
principle of debit and credit
pseudeponymous
radio frequency cable
renogate
report of investigation
Salix occidentalisinensis
satellite computer terminal
self-loss
short-circuit current gain
squabblings
step expression
subbase course
swampy ground
synechistic
t'ui tsou t'u
texture grading
the why and wherefore s
thissun
tobacco trust
toroidal oscillation
trifluoromethanesulfonyl
true position axis
tuberculin skin test
type 1
Vladimir II Monomakh
weld porosity
worldrecord