VOA双语新闻：2、鱼类为吃食而锻炼肌肉
时间：2019-01-19 作者：英语课 分类：VOA双语新闻 2015年7月
鱼类为吃食而锻炼肌肉
New research published in the Proceedings 1 of the National Academy of Sciences finds that both head and body muscles help them gulp 2 down prey 3 in one explosive action.
About half of all vertebrates — animals with backbones 4 — are fish with bony fins 5 or spines 6. These 30,000 ray-finned fish species have evolved this similar feeding motion. Scientists have long hypothesized about the mechanics of the process, but now researchers at Brown University have X-ray video proof of how it works.
地球上大约一半的脊椎动物属于辐鳍鱼纲。这些30,000多种鱼鳍呈放射状的鱼类进化出彼此相似的进食动作。长久以来科学家们对这一过程的物理机制一直有假设的定理，而如今，布朗大学的研究人员用X光视频真实记录了鱼类进食动作的详细环节。
The researchers set up a tank in the X-ray Reconstruction 7 of Moving Morphology lab at Brown to watch a largemouth bass 8 as it swallowed a goldfish.
鱼类是强悍的食客。拿鲈鱼（bass）为例，它一口就可以吞下一只金鱼。布朗大学生物学教授托马斯·罗伯茨（Thomas Roberts）和同事们用一些新颖的工具记录下了这一幕。
“Those tools were a combination of high-speed X-ray videos combined with CT measurements of bones of the skull 9 in the bass and pressure probe measurements of the pressure in the water during suction feeding,” said Brown biology professor Thomas Roberts, co-author of the study.
罗伯茨教授说：“这套综合工具中包括高速X射线视频、鲈鱼头骨CT测量数据以及压力探测器在吸吮进食期间对水压的测量数据。”
But muscles in the head aren’t powerful enough alone to create that suction.
仅靠头部肌肉不够产生如此强大的吸力。
Roberts said what they observed were “incredible linkages 10 of skull bones to pull power from the body muscles to generate the really rapid motion in the head and generate suction to pull in prey.”
罗伯茨说，鲈鱼必须与游水所用的身体肌肉一道工作。一些科学家之前曾做过这一假定，但并未见证过。
The analysis showed that up to 95 percent of the power required for suction came from the swimming muscles.
他说： “鱼类实际上必须使用这些不可思议的头骨连动机制来从身体的肌肉里获取力量，以产生快速的进食动作，并把猎物吸进嘴里。”
Roberts said the finding was important to understand how not only bass but also thousands of other species of marine 11 vertebrates have evolved.
这一发现很重要，不仅帮助理解鲈鱼如何进食，而且帮助理解大约30000种海洋脊椎动物是如何进化的。
“This tells us that this clever co-opting of swimming muscles to produce a feeding motion maybe was really important for the evolutionary 12 success of bony fishes,” he said.
他说： “所以这就告诉我们，用于游水的肌肉被加以利用，共同产生进食的动能，这非常巧妙，它对于硬骨鱼类的成功进化具有非常重要的意义。”
很显然，鱼类是用它们的整个身体来吃饭的。这项研究成果发表在美国《国家科学院院刊》上。
- He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
- to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
- She took down the tablets in one gulp.她把那些药片一口吞了下去。
- Don't gulp your food,chew it before you swallow it.吃东西不要狼吞虎咽，要嚼碎了再咽下去。
- Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
- The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。
- Why do hummingbirds and gorillas both have backbones? 为什么蜂鸟和大猩猩都有脊骨？ 来自辞典例句
- Simply adding bandwidth to the Internet backbones is not an answer. 只是简单的在互联网骨架上增加带宽是应付不了的。 来自互联网
- The level of TNF-α positively correlated with BMI,FPG,HbA1C,TG,FINS and IRI,but not with SBP and DBP. TNF-α水平与BMI、FPG、HbA1C、TG、FINS和IRI呈显著正相关，与SBP、DBP无相关。 来自互联网
- Fins are a feature specific to fish. 鱼鳍是鱼类特有的特征。 来自辞典例句
- Porcupines use their spines to protect themselves. 豪猪用身上的刺毛来自卫。
- The cactus has spines. 仙人掌有刺。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
- The country faces a huge task of national reconstruction following the war.战后，该国面临着重建家园的艰巨任务。
- In the period of reconstruction,technique decides everything.在重建时期，技术决定一切。
- He answered my question in a surprisingly deep bass.他用一种低得出奇的声音回答我的问题。
- The bass was to give a concert in the park.那位男低音歌唱家将在公园中举行音乐会。
- The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
- He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。
- Only the thermosetting resins provide a strong cohesive forces; this is due to molecular cross linkages. 只有热固性树脂具有巨大的凝聚力，这是由于分子交错链所造成的。 来自辞典例句
- The linkages between the stable units must be as near as possible of equal stability. 稳定链节之间的键必须有尽可能接近的稳定性。 来自辞典例句
- Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
- When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
- Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
- These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。