时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   条件句类型(2)


  if从句中的动词用一般过去时,主句中的动词用条件时态:
  If I had a map I would lend it to you.
  我要有地图就借给你。(但我没有地图。句子的含义是指现在。)
  If someone tried to blackmail 1 me I would tell the police.
  如果有人企图敲诈我,我就向警察告发。(但我想不会有人敲诈我。句子的含义是指将来。)
  第一类和第二类条件句之间并不存在时间上的差别。像第一类条件句一样,第二类指的是现在或将来; if从句中的过去时不是真正的过去时,只是一种虚拟语气,表示不真实(如上述第一个例子)或不大可能(如上述第二个例子)。
  类型2有以下用法:
  1.所假设的事与已知的事实相反时:
  If I lived near my office I’d be in time for work.
  要是我住的离办公楼近,我上班就不会迟到。(但我不住在办公楼附近。)
  If I were you I’d plant some trees round the house.
  如果我是你的话,我就会在房子周围种一些树。(但我不是你。)
  2.说话人认为从句中的动作不会发生时:
  If a burglar 2 came into my room at night I’d scream.
  要是半夜三更窃贼闯进我的房间,我就会拼命叫喊。(但我不认为会有窃贼闯入我的房间。)
  If I dyed 3 my hair blue everyone would laugh at me.
  要是我把头发染成蓝色,大家就要笑我了。(但我不想染它。)
  有些if从句可以有上述两种含义中的一种:
  If he left his bicycle outside someone would steal it.
  要是他把自行车放在外面,会有人把它偷走。
  If he left his bicycle可以意指可他没有(如上述 1中的用法,指的是现在)或他没这么打算(如上述2中的用法,指的是将来)。但真正的含义通常从上下文中可以看清楚。
  这种语义混淆可以通过使用were/was+不定式而不用上述类型2中的一般过去时来避免。
  if he/she/it were可以代替 if he/she/it was,而且被认为是更正确的形式:
  If he were to resign…相当于:
  If he resigned…
  他万一(果真)要辞职的话……
  If I were to succeed…相当于:
  If I succeeded…
  我竟然(果真)会成功的话……
  were的这种用法主要见于相当正式的句子里。
  if he/she/it was+不定式在日常口语中是可以的,但是如上例所示那样使用过去时态更为常见。
  3 .有时类型2可以用做类型1的替代形式,表示完全有可能实现的计划和建议。这种用法颇易引起混淆:
  —Will Mary be in time if she gets the ten o’clock bus?
  —No, but she’d be in time if she go the nine-thirty bus./No, but she’ll be in time if she gets the nine-thirty bus.
  —如果玛丽赶上10点钟的公共汽车,她会及时到达吗?
  —不会的,但是如果她赶上9点30分的汽车,她就会及时到达。
  —We’ll never save£ 100!
  —If we each saved£ 10 a week we’d do it in ten weeks./If we each save £10 a week we’ll do it in ten weeks.
  —我们永远攒不了100英镑!
  —要是我们每人每周储蓄十英镑,我们在十周后就会做到。
  以类型2的形式表示建议要比以类型1的形式有礼貌些,就如同用would you表示要求要比will you更有礼貌一样。但学生不必在类型2的这种用法上花过多工夫。
  基本形式可能的变化形式
  1.主句的变化
  (a)可以用might或could而不用 would:
  If you tried again you would succeed.
  要是你再试一试,你会成功的。(可靠的结果)
  If you tried again you might succeed.
  要是你再试一试,可能会成功。(可能的结果)
  If I knew her number I could ring her up.
  要是我知道她的号码,就能给她打电话。(能力)
  If he had a permit he could get a job.
  要是他有许可证的话,就可以找到工作。(能力或允许)
  (b)可以用条件时态中的进行时而不用其一般时:
  —Peter is on holiday;he is touring Italy.
  —If I were on holiday I would/might be touring Italy too.
  —彼得在休假,他在意大利旅游。
  —如果我在休假,我也会(可能)在意大利旅游。
  (c)希望表达过去自动的或习惯性的反应时,可以在if+过去时后再跟一个过去时。注意:这里的过去时具有过去的含义:
  If anyone interrupted him he got angry.
  如果有人打扰他,他就会生气。(每当有人打扰他时)
  If there was a scarcity 4 of anything,prices of that thing went up.
  如果什么物品短缺,那种物品的价格就会上涨。
  (d)当if用来表示as或since的时候,主句中可能用各种时态。这里if+过去时态具有过去的含义。这种句子并不是真正的条件句。
  —The pills made him dizzy.All the same he bought/has bought/is buy-ing some more.
  —If they made him dizzy why did he buy/has he bought/is he buying more?

n.讹诈,敲诈,勒索,胁迫,恫吓
  • She demanded $1000 blackmail from him.她向他敲诈了1000美元。
  • The journalist used blackmail to make the lawyer give him the documents.记者讹诈那名律师交给他文件。
n.窃贼,破门盗窃者
  • The policeman took the burglar by surprise as he opened the window.当夜盗开窗时,警察冷不防地捉住了他。
  • The man glanced the burglar climbing out of the window.那人瞥见小偷从窗户爬出来。
给…上色,着色( dye的过去式和过去分词 ); 能染上颜色
  • She dyed her hair blonde. 她把头发染成了金黄色。
  • He'd dyed his hair, which was almost unheard-of in the 1960s. 他染了头发,这在20世纪60年代是罕见的事。
n.缺乏,不足,萧条
  • The scarcity of skilled workers is worrying the government.熟练工人的缺乏困扰着政府。
  • The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.水果供不应求是由于干旱造成的。
标签: 托福语法
学英语单词
abrupt deceleration vehicle
achromachia
apacked
Auricularia auricula
australian pitcher plants
Avast hauling!
bepuff
beslabbered
buffered filter paper
Bulgarevo
buoyancy curve
cadmium sulphide
Catalpa L.
chrysandiol
Congo floor maggot
DC electric propulsion plant
defilippis
ecomil
eelworms
egg-white protein
engineering geological classification of rock mass
engraftment
eusebia
Evangelista Torricelli
evasion error
exponential expansion
fallopiuss
field-sequential system
fight up to the last ditch
final-year
fotp
geard
get a cold reception
guide block
hangava
hansler
harbo(u)r operational zone
Hemitrichia
heteragraft
high velocity liquid jet machining
high-voltage glow tube
hormone culture-medium
hydnocarpus wightiana bl.
hytners
I fear
illtempered
Indosasa patens
information given in a questionnaire
information retrieval system evaluation
initial steam admission
insoluble solides
irrigated soil
Kinnitty
Kolomonyi
lactic-acid
Lithocarpus
LVTR
magnetohydrodynamic propulsion plant
manganese(iv) silicide
marmalade trees
mattings
mesengium
microvoltmeter
monetizability
nanocavity
Newry Canal
non-zero restriction
oil lubricating system
onishi
optic integrated circuit
pellet mouldings
PGS (program generation system)
plesiotrochus acutangulus
prepacked with grease
prevailing price
prunus mume sieb.et zucc.var.tonsa rehd.
prunus mume var.bungo mak.
purplestreak alstroemeria
rag out
residentiaries
reverse pinocytosis
rizzle
ruscombe
sample grid reference
Sandnessjφen
sandy mushrooms
secondary process
sent out
sound intensity decay
sprawlings
statistical weights
strapped multiresonator circuit
subfraction
Suttsu
the top of
tightness of stitches
top-fired boiler
triangulation balloon
unconquering
unfamiliarity
uredo cryptogrammes
Voidable Civil Act