时间:2019-01-18 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   如何让口语具有“实效性”


  目前大多数考生对“口语好”的定义似乎都是“说得相对流利,发音比较准确,语速不是太慢”。这当然无可厚非。然而,刚才提到的准则只是“口语好”的“外包装”,而最后对口语分数起决定作用的还包括说话的“实效性”,即思维逻辑、语言组织和词句质量。下面,小编分享给大家托福口语语言如何具有“实效性”。
  语言表达的“外包装”
  关于语言表达“外包装”的问题,考生们已经给予了足够的重视,很多人都专门地练习或系统地学习过发音。但需要注意的一点是,TOEFL iBT的口语考试是电脑录音,评判者是通过听录音来做分数评估的,所以, “说得快”未必是件好事,“说得清楚”才是重点。考虑到评卷者可能会产生的“听觉疲劳”,表达时的“断句”以及重点词汇在重音和语调上的突出,就成了有效传达信息的关键。所以考生们表述时不要一味求快,而要注意断句、重音和语调。我们以下面的句子为例来具体说明:
  The Great Wall was the greatest man-made military defense 1 structure in ancient China.
  这是一个在口语表述中颇显功力和水平的句子,但若一口气把它说完,句子的美感就体现不出来了,而且在录音的情况下还可能会让评卷者无法听清楚,于是我们需要借助断句和重音来表达。下面笔者便用“/”作为断句的标志,用“〉”表明重音,来重新处理上面的句子:
  The Great Wall/was the greatest/man-made military defense structure/in ancient China.
  大家可以试着按照标志重读这个句子。其中重音处可以着重诵读;断句处则可以稍作停顿,或者是拉长词的读音,比如我们在读wall的时候拉长读音,在 greatest 和structure后则稍作停顿,这样整个句子听起来就更加容易理解,因为我们把句子的几个意群划分开了:The Great Wall//was the greatest//man-mademilitary defense structure//in ancient China. 所以,为了使表达效果更好,使语言听起来更加悦耳,我们不但要注意发音,还要注意说话时的重音和断句。
  语言表达的“实效性”
  每个考官在悦耳的声音背后更想吸纳入耳的是有组织、有意义的词句。因而,对语言表达更进一步的要求也接踵而至,即说话的“实效性”,包括思维逻辑、语言组织和词句质量。下面笔者就以口语考试的具体题目来进行简要说明。
  口语考试的第一题和第二题是独立口语任务,大家需要做的是就自己的经历或想法来回答问题。题目主要涉及日常生活和一些社会现象,准备时间15秒,答题时间45秒。这一类型的考试形式和面试比较相似。从时间上看, 15秒的准备时间形同虚设,因为这么短的时间根本无法让考生酝酿出好的答案来。要想在面试中表现得好,必须事先有所准备,同样道理,要想在这两个题目上获得高分,预先的素材准备也是必不可少的。正所谓:有备无患,胸有成竹。信心百倍,微笑说话。
  我们先来比较一下关于如下题目的两种回答:
  What is your favorite place for reading?
  Answer 1:
  I think my favorite place for reading is the library. Firstly because in the library, many students are reading and you will read with them. Secondly 2 because in the library, you can get many books easily, so you can get to the information quickly. Um...so I like to read in the library.
  Answer 2:
  Unlike many people, my favorite place for reading is the park. I just like the atmosphere.Reading is tiring, and when I feel tired, I can look up from my book and see people jogging on the paths and boating on the lake. Then I feel relaxed. Also, when your eyes feel tired, there are many green trees and grass to look at to give them a good rest. In the park, you can see many old people taking their beloved pet birds and dogs for a walk. This gives me inspiration 3.Indeed, I like to read in parks rather than in libraries or classrooms.
  大家一比较就会觉得,前者了无生趣,机械死板,内容单薄;而后者新颖独特,语言丰富,内容翔实。不过在15秒的时间内准备出第二种答案对大多数考生来说是不现实的,但若提前有所准备的话,情况就会大为不同。也就是说,对第一题和第二题的信心来自提前的准备。但考生又会有疑问:题目范围如此之广,涉题领域如此之大,怎么下手去准备呢?题目有无数,押题自然不是上策;而准备“资料库”,学会“借题发挥”——即根据已有的简单事实或论点进行“由此及彼”的合理扩展——则不一样,定会事半功倍,效果非凡。因而第一题和第二题的成败关键就在于“资料库”的搭建和 “借题发挥”技巧的培养。
  第三题和第五题比较类似,是综合任务题,都是先听对话,然后回答相关问题。只是在第三题中,考生在听对话前会先读到一篇与校园生活相关的短文。做这一类型的题目时,听懂对话是成功的一半,而如何不失重点、合理有效地组织答案则是成功的另一半。对于听力好的考生而言,学习组织答案的技巧是获得高分的关键。试想如果回答问题时连声赘述而缺乏重点,或是词不达意又缺少亮点,岂不白白浪费了好的听力?而对于听力欠佳的考生而言,则需掌握一些重要的得分技巧来弥补听力的不足,如合理控制对话的节奏、关注重要的信息,以及表达时尽量注意语言结构上的完整性和逻辑上的紧密性,而这也正是备考时信心的来源所在。

n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
adv.第二,其次
  • Secondly,use your own head and present your point of view.第二,动脑筋提出自己的见解。
  • Secondly it is necessary to define the applied load.其次,需要确定所作用的载荷。
n.灵感,鼓励者,吸气
  • These events provided the inspiration for his first novel.这些事件给了他创作第一部小说的灵感。
  • What an inspiration she was to all around her!她对于她周围所有的人是一种多么大的鼓舞!
标签: 托福口语
学英语单词
ability to function
apothegmatising
ashiver
asset-purchase
at a high plane
autochthonic
be behind
bilamellated
Birresborn
body hugger
Brazilian blowouts
bucket chain dredge
bures
campsosternus mirabilis
capacity-input filter
carp.
cauterization of sclera
cell-phones
chabrol
charge storage flipflop
Chinese tallowtree seed oil
Circinae
collection anionic
concentrated waste store
crossed belt sander
databook
delivery car
density of occupancy
dery
Desmodoroidea
door-stops
double beat
duty of master
earn a good reputation
endotenon
fragilis
fuel particles
fuel reprocessing
gaging hole
gastrulae
glycerol trioleate
Gorodovikovsk
governing word
grammaticity
Hajdu-Bihar Megye
herd-average
i-stihen
independent rail fastening
inhibited error
inveighed
larval fishes
logs
Lyotardian
maltose-1-phosphate
megacoulombs
mine timer
momentary supply
mongolians
Montenegran
nardini
non-domiciled
noncivilized
noncommutative right context sensitive grammar
oclitic texture
Omskaya Oblast'
optimum reaction vessel water level
Oransbari
oxidizer overflow connector
Petit truss
photoconductivity dosimetry
polyvalent bacterial vaccine
primary of international law
quaternary fission
rated head
real-numbers
recits
restabilized
riunites
rope stranded wire
safe-hold
Sain-Paulin cheese
salpas
saturated set
scallions
silk cloth
snail clover
soluteness
special ordinance
spillway of food
syringaldehyde
tevfik
throb with
Toti's operation
true face
turbulent skin-friction coefficient
two-resistance theory
unlost
volumetric losses
wet-and-dry-bulb hygrometers
world's merchant shipping