托福语法攻略:独立分词(4)
英语课
我们再来看一个这种“结论+例证”关系的例子:
(7). Good news was sometimes released prematurely 1, with the British recapture of the port _________ half a day before the defenders 2 actually surrendered. (2001考研题)
A. to announce
B. announced
C. announcing
D. was announced
正确答案:B
妙语点睛:
本题考查"with +名词短语+分词" 这一独立分词结构。这里逻辑主语是the British recapture of the port,与动词announce构成被动关系,故用过去分词announced。这里主句部分说明一个情况"Good news was sometimes released prematurely(好消息有时会过早地被公布)",然后采用独立分词结构"with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered"来具体举例。
精品译文:
好消息有时会过早地被公布,比如有报道说英国已夺回了这个港口,而实际上半天之后敌军才真正投降。
细心的读者会发现,从位置关系来看,这种表示补充说明或具体举例的独立分词结构通常是放在句末,不放在句首的。
三、表示原因
这种分词结构还可以表示原因,比如上面短文的例句:
(8). Good timekeeping is becoming a forgotten social etiquette 3, with a new generation considering lateness the norm rather than a faux pas that should be avoided.
妙语点睛:
这句话主句部分"Good timekeeping is becoming a forgotten social etiquette(良好的守时习惯正在成为被遗忘的社交礼节)"是得出一个结论,然后采用独立分词结构"with a new generation considering lateness the norm rather than a faux pas that should be avoided"来表示得出此结论的原因,即新的一代人都认为迟到很正常,并不是失礼行为而应该避免。
精品译文:
良好的守时习惯正在成为被遗忘的社交礼节,因为新的一代都认为迟到很正常,不是应该避免的失礼行为。
我们再来看下面这个例句:
(9). Both Romania and of course Britain, America’s staunchest ally, support a US-led war on Iraq. With war seeming inevitable 4, is there anything that the US can do to reverse the erosion to its image? Time and again, people questioned on the streets this week cited fears that the US is serving as a kind of “global sheriff”.
妙语点睛:
这里独立分词结构"With war seeming inevitable"位于主句前面,表示原因。
精品译文:
罗马尼亚,当然还有英国这一美国最坚定的同盟,支持以美国为首来发动一场战争,攻打伊拉克。既然战争似乎一触即发,美国还能有什么办法来挽回自己的形象损失?这周在大街上接受采访的百姓都担心,美国正扮演一种“国际治安官”的角色。
从上面这个例子我们看到,表示原因的分词结构可以置于主句前边(表示补充说明的分词结构一般不可以),我们再看一道四级考题:
(10). _________ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go on with the experiment. (2000四级考题)
A. With
B. For
C. As
D. Since
正确答案:A
妙语点睛:
本题考查"with +名词短语+分词"这一独立分词结构。这里不能填入连词,所以B,C,D均不正确。这里独立分词结构"With the temperature falling so rapidly"显然是表示原因,来说明后面主句表示的“我们不能继续进行实验了”。
精品译文:
由于温度下降过快,我们不能继续进行实验了。
最后,英语里还有一种“独立分词结构”是不带有介词with的,直接是“名词+分词”结构。
adv.过早地,贸然地
- She was born prematurely with poorly developed lungs. 她早产,肺部未发育健全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- His hair was prematurely white, but his busy eyebrows were still jet-black. 他的头发已经白了,不过两道浓眉还是乌黑乌黑的。 来自辞典例句
n.防御者( defender的名词复数 );守卫者;保护者;辩护者
- The defenders were outnumbered and had to give in. 抵抗者寡不敌众,只能投降。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- After hard fighting,the defenders were still masters of the city. 守军经过奋战仍然控制着城市。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.礼仪,礼节;规矩
- The rules of etiquette are not so strict nowadays.如今的礼仪规则已不那么严格了。
- According to etiquette,you should stand up to meet a guest.按照礼节你应该站起来接待客人。
adj.不可避免的,必然发生的
- Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
- The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。
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托福语法