时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   首先,我们要搞清楚香菇和油菜的说法。


  香菇
  香菇的说法,American Heritage Dictionary 4th Edition有4种翻译方法:
  shiitake(来自日语)
  Chinese black mushroom
  golden oak mushroom
  Oriental black mushroom
  语言的最终目的是为了交流,个人认为,翻译为Oriental black mushroom比较好,因为shiitake是日语,表面上和蘑菇风马牛不相及,翻译为Chinese black mushroom的话,过于霸道,其他亚洲国家也有香菇啊*_*。有些美食网站简单翻译为black mushroom,其实也挺好的。但不管怎样,提到做菜,mushroom一般用复数mushrooms。
  油菜
  油菜的说法,词典里没有,但经过一系列调查和反复确认,它最常见的翻译是baby bok choy,bok choy是粤语"白菜"的音译,词典里能查到,而baby的意思是"小",请看Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English对baby这项意思的解释:a type of vegetable which is grown to be much smaller than usual or is eaten before it has grown to its normal size。baby bok choy按字面来理解其实就是"小白菜"*_*。顺便说一下,可以榨油的那油菜叫oilseed rape或rape,是和baby bok choy完全不同的另一种植物,请见下图:
  既然现在知道了香菇和油菜的说法,那么剩下的任务就是"香菇油菜"这道菜名如何翻译了。中国菜的翻译比较复杂,但一般说来可以遵循以下规则:
  味道 + (做法、形状) 主料 + with 配料/in 汤汁
  下面我们先来翻译以下菜名作为练习,最后再翻译香菇油菜:
  酸辣土豆丝
  sour and spicy 1 stir-fried shredded 3 potatoes
  stir-fry 炒。deep-fry是炸,shallow-fry或pan-fry是煎。
  shred 2 切丝。slice是切片。
  potato一般用复数,尽管一盘酸辣土豆丝一个大土豆就够了,但土豆泥的说法在各种词典上无一例外都是mashed potatoes,尽管一盘土豆泥也有可能只用一个土豆。
  红烧肉
  diced 5 pork stewed 7 in brown sauce
  dice 4 切成小方块。也可以说成cube。
  stew 6 炖。stew一般指炖大小均匀、小块的肉,而braise指炖大小不均、大块的肉,水更少。
  brown sauce 褐色的酱。红烧肉的汁儿,制作过程比较复杂,所以就用brown sauce概括了*_*。
  葱爆羊肉
  quick-fried lamb with leeks 9
  quick-fry 爆。也就是"快炒",也可以说成sauté。Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 5th Edition对sauté是这样解释的:When you sauté food, you fry it quickly in hot oil or butter。但是,sauté这个词偏难,而且是个法语词,一些非英语国家的小伙伴看到é就会产生恐惧感*_*,所以,本着交流顺畅的原则,"爆"最好翻译为quick-fry。
  leek 8 大葱。这是葱爆羊肉必不可少的辅料。小葱叫scallion或green onion。
  西红柿炒鸡蛋
  scrambled 10 eggs with tomatoes
  scrambled eggs 炒鸡蛋。MacMillan English Dictionary - American对scrambled eggs是这样解释的:eggs cooked with their white and yellow parts mixed together。这是"炒鸡蛋"最精准的翻译,没有必要再翻译为stir-fried eggs。
  宫保鸡丁
  kung pao chicken
  宫保鸡丁不能按照上述方法翻译,因为这道菜在西方已经比较流行了,Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary对kung pao的解释是:being stir-fried or sometimes deep-fried and served in a spicy hot sauce usually with peanuts <kung pao chicken>(注意kung pao不大写,而且是分开的两个词)。所以我们没有必要舍近求远,再自己翻译"宫保"!以下是著名美剧Friends中提到宫保鸡丁的一幕:
  说到这里,我想大家对翻译香菇油菜比较有信心了吧?
  香菇油菜
  stir-fried baby bok choy with Oriental black mushrooms in oyster 11 sauce
  oyster sauce 耗油。香菇油菜在单独炒蘑菇的时候一般要放耗油,所以是in oyster sauce。
  总结一下。除了香菇油菜之外,今天我们一共分析了五道常见中国菜的翻译方法,它们分别是:
  1. 酸辣土豆丝
  sour and spicy stir-fried shredded potatoes
  2. 红烧肉
  diced pork stewed in brown sauce
  3. 葱爆羊肉
  quick-fried lamb with leeks
  4. 西红柿炒鸡蛋
  scrambled eggs with tomatoes
  5. 宫保鸡丁
  kung pao chicken
  前三种是按照味道、形状和烹饪方法来翻译的,后两种含有英语固定说法的成分。希望大家多积累,多练习,把中国文化的博大精深用准确、地道的英语普及到全世界。共勉!

adj.加香料的;辛辣的,有风味的
  • The soup tasted mildly spicy.汤尝起来略有点辣。
  • Very spicy food doesn't suit her stomach.太辣的东西她吃了胃不舒服。
v.撕成碎片,变成碎片;n.碎布条,细片,些少
  • There is not a shred of truth in what he says.他说的全是骗人的鬼话。
  • The food processor can shred all kinds of vegetables.这架食品加工机可将各种蔬菜切丝切条。
shred的过去式和过去分词
  • Serve the fish on a bed of shredded lettuce. 先铺一层碎生菜叶,再把鱼放上,就可以上桌了。
  • I think Mapo beancurd and shredded meat in chilli sauce are quite special. 我觉得麻婆豆腐和鱼香肉丝味道不错。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.骰子;vt.把(食物)切成小方块,冒险
  • They were playing dice.他们在玩掷骰子游戏。
  • A dice is a cube.骰子是立方体。
v.将…切成小方块,切成丁( dice的过去式和过去分词 )
  • The meat should be finely diced for this dish. 做这种菜肴肉必须细细切成小方块。 来自辞典例句
  • Arther diced himself into debt. 亚瑟因掷骰子而负了债。 来自辞典例句
n.炖汤,焖,烦恼;v.炖汤,焖,忧虑
  • The stew must be boiled up before serving.炖肉必须煮熟才能上桌。
  • There's no need to get in a stew.没有必要烦恼。
adj.焦虑不安的,烂醉的v.炖( stew的过去式和过去分词 );煨;思考;担忧
  • When all birds are shot, the bow will be set aside;when all hares are killed, the hounds will be stewed and eaten -- kick out sb. after his services are no longer needed. 鸟尽弓藏,兔死狗烹。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • \"How can we cook in a pan that's stewed your stinking stockings? “染臭袜子的锅,还能煮鸡子吃!还要它?” 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
n.韭葱
  • He is always confusing wheat with leek.他对麦苗和韭菜总是辨别不清。
  • He said the dumplings with the stuffing of pork and leek were his favourite.他说他喜欢吃猪肉韭菜馅的饺子。
韭葱( leek的名词复数 )
  • Leeks and potatoes go well together in a soup. 汤中放韭菜和土豆尝起来很对味。
  • When I was young I grew some leeks in a pot. 小时候我曾在花盆里种了些韭葱。
v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 );攀登;争夺;(军事飞机)紧急起飞
  • Each scrambled for the football at the football ground. 足球场上你争我夺。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • He scrambled awkwardly to his feet. 他笨拙地爬起身来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.牡蛎;沉默寡言的人
  • I enjoy eating oyster; it's really delicious.我喜欢吃牡蛎,它味道真美。
  • I find I fairly like eating when he finally persuades me to taste the oyster.当他最后说服我尝尝牡蛎时,我发现我相当喜欢吃。
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4-methylsalinomycin
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