时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   首先,我们要搞清楚香菇和油菜的说法。


  香菇
  香菇的说法,American Heritage Dictionary 4th Edition有4种翻译方法:
  shiitake(来自日语)
  Chinese black mushroom
  golden oak mushroom
  Oriental black mushroom
  语言的最终目的是为了交流,个人认为,翻译为Oriental black mushroom比较好,因为shiitake是日语,表面上和蘑菇风马牛不相及,翻译为Chinese black mushroom的话,过于霸道,其他亚洲国家也有香菇啊*_*。有些美食网站简单翻译为black mushroom,其实也挺好的。但不管怎样,提到做菜,mushroom一般用复数mushrooms。
  油菜
  油菜的说法,词典里没有,但经过一系列调查和反复确认,它最常见的翻译是baby bok choy,bok choy是粤语"白菜"的音译,词典里能查到,而baby的意思是"小",请看Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English对baby这项意思的解释:a type of vegetable which is grown to be much smaller than usual or is eaten before it has grown to its normal size。baby bok choy按字面来理解其实就是"小白菜"*_*。顺便说一下,可以榨油的那油菜叫oilseed rape或rape,是和baby bok choy完全不同的另一种植物,请见下图:
  既然现在知道了香菇和油菜的说法,那么剩下的任务就是"香菇油菜"这道菜名如何翻译了。中国菜的翻译比较复杂,但一般说来可以遵循以下规则:
  味道 + (做法、形状) 主料 + with 配料/in 汤汁
  下面我们先来翻译以下菜名作为练习,最后再翻译香菇油菜:
  酸辣土豆丝
  sour and spicy 1 stir-fried shredded 3 potatoes
  stir-fry 炒。deep-fry是炸,shallow-fry或pan-fry是煎。
  shred 2 切丝。slice是切片。
  potato一般用复数,尽管一盘酸辣土豆丝一个大土豆就够了,但土豆泥的说法在各种词典上无一例外都是mashed potatoes,尽管一盘土豆泥也有可能只用一个土豆。
  红烧肉
  diced 5 pork stewed 7 in brown sauce
  dice 4 切成小方块。也可以说成cube。
  stew 6 炖。stew一般指炖大小均匀、小块的肉,而braise指炖大小不均、大块的肉,水更少。
  brown sauce 褐色的酱。红烧肉的汁儿,制作过程比较复杂,所以就用brown sauce概括了*_*。
  葱爆羊肉
  quick-fried lamb with leeks 9
  quick-fry 爆。也就是"快炒",也可以说成sauté。Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 5th Edition对sauté是这样解释的:When you sauté food, you fry it quickly in hot oil or butter。但是,sauté这个词偏难,而且是个法语词,一些非英语国家的小伙伴看到é就会产生恐惧感*_*,所以,本着交流顺畅的原则,"爆"最好翻译为quick-fry。
  leek 8 大葱。这是葱爆羊肉必不可少的辅料。小葱叫scallion或green onion。
  西红柿炒鸡蛋
  scrambled 10 eggs with tomatoes
  scrambled eggs 炒鸡蛋。MacMillan English Dictionary - American对scrambled eggs是这样解释的:eggs cooked with their white and yellow parts mixed together。这是"炒鸡蛋"最精准的翻译,没有必要再翻译为stir-fried eggs。
  宫保鸡丁
  kung pao chicken
  宫保鸡丁不能按照上述方法翻译,因为这道菜在西方已经比较流行了,Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary对kung pao的解释是:being stir-fried or sometimes deep-fried and served in a spicy hot sauce usually with peanuts <kung pao chicken>(注意kung pao不大写,而且是分开的两个词)。所以我们没有必要舍近求远,再自己翻译"宫保"!以下是著名美剧Friends中提到宫保鸡丁的一幕:
  说到这里,我想大家对翻译香菇油菜比较有信心了吧?
  香菇油菜
  stir-fried baby bok choy with Oriental black mushrooms in oyster 11 sauce
  oyster sauce 耗油。香菇油菜在单独炒蘑菇的时候一般要放耗油,所以是in oyster sauce。
  总结一下。除了香菇油菜之外,今天我们一共分析了五道常见中国菜的翻译方法,它们分别是:
  1. 酸辣土豆丝
  sour and spicy stir-fried shredded potatoes
  2. 红烧肉
  diced pork stewed in brown sauce
  3. 葱爆羊肉
  quick-fried lamb with leeks
  4. 西红柿炒鸡蛋
  scrambled eggs with tomatoes
  5. 宫保鸡丁
  kung pao chicken
  前三种是按照味道、形状和烹饪方法来翻译的,后两种含有英语固定说法的成分。希望大家多积累,多练习,把中国文化的博大精深用准确、地道的英语普及到全世界。共勉!

adj.加香料的;辛辣的,有风味的
  • The soup tasted mildly spicy.汤尝起来略有点辣。
  • Very spicy food doesn't suit her stomach.太辣的东西她吃了胃不舒服。
v.撕成碎片,变成碎片;n.碎布条,细片,些少
  • There is not a shred of truth in what he says.他说的全是骗人的鬼话。
  • The food processor can shred all kinds of vegetables.这架食品加工机可将各种蔬菜切丝切条。
shred的过去式和过去分词
  • Serve the fish on a bed of shredded lettuce. 先铺一层碎生菜叶,再把鱼放上,就可以上桌了。
  • I think Mapo beancurd and shredded meat in chilli sauce are quite special. 我觉得麻婆豆腐和鱼香肉丝味道不错。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.骰子;vt.把(食物)切成小方块,冒险
  • They were playing dice.他们在玩掷骰子游戏。
  • A dice is a cube.骰子是立方体。
v.将…切成小方块,切成丁( dice的过去式和过去分词 )
  • The meat should be finely diced for this dish. 做这种菜肴肉必须细细切成小方块。 来自辞典例句
  • Arther diced himself into debt. 亚瑟因掷骰子而负了债。 来自辞典例句
n.炖汤,焖,烦恼;v.炖汤,焖,忧虑
  • The stew must be boiled up before serving.炖肉必须煮熟才能上桌。
  • There's no need to get in a stew.没有必要烦恼。
adj.焦虑不安的,烂醉的v.炖( stew的过去式和过去分词 );煨;思考;担忧
  • When all birds are shot, the bow will be set aside;when all hares are killed, the hounds will be stewed and eaten -- kick out sb. after his services are no longer needed. 鸟尽弓藏,兔死狗烹。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • \"How can we cook in a pan that's stewed your stinking stockings? “染臭袜子的锅,还能煮鸡子吃!还要它?” 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
n.韭葱
  • He is always confusing wheat with leek.他对麦苗和韭菜总是辨别不清。
  • He said the dumplings with the stuffing of pork and leek were his favourite.他说他喜欢吃猪肉韭菜馅的饺子。
韭葱( leek的名词复数 )
  • Leeks and potatoes go well together in a soup. 汤中放韭菜和土豆尝起来很对味。
  • When I was young I grew some leeks in a pot. 小时候我曾在花盆里种了些韭葱。
v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 );攀登;争夺;(军事飞机)紧急起飞
  • Each scrambled for the football at the football ground. 足球场上你争我夺。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • He scrambled awkwardly to his feet. 他笨拙地爬起身来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.牡蛎;沉默寡言的人
  • I enjoy eating oyster; it's really delicious.我喜欢吃牡蛎,它味道真美。
  • I find I fairly like eating when he finally persuades me to taste the oyster.当他最后说服我尝尝牡蛎时,我发现我相当喜欢吃。
标签: 托福词汇
学英语单词
0831
aberrant behavior
anti-biological warfare
antizymes
auto-lumbomassage
be barred from
bioscientists
biotin complex of yeast
bipolarmos
black rots
body surfing
bowl vent valve
butenafine
certificate on progress
class or representative action
combining characters
common lead method
cospace
delugeth
description of forest
Diclinixin
diffuse tissue
diphasic strain
Diplosporium
direct dialing-in
Dmitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich
don't rush me
epidemic encephalitis
ethnoculturally
exponential time base
fact-checkers
feudal rush
fiorinia linderae
Fuck it all!
Geluwe
golden image
Gorelovka
guayule rubber (fer-thenium argentum)
Hall angular displacement transducer
harlon
Hassidic
high magnification
high pressure jet
homograft reaction
hot air distributor
IAAG
It never rains but it pours
Ivdel'
left averted photography
look through the fingers at
louzeiro
lower tail coverts
market body
mcilvaine
metaperceptual
Meyer's organ
national labor relations act
nonextended address space
Novadel
nutritional agents
orthopraxy
Ottawa R.
overvolted
Pambula
pathogenic dryness
pernio bullosus
photographic mapping
pissane
potassium phosphate,tribasic
previvation
Priupskiy
pulverized fuel line
ralph bunches
range octagon
rare earth doped glasses
reduced inspection
relations
representation of plans
reserve factor
reset router
reticulated veins
retrospective
root bend test
S. G.
solid state power amplifier
spectral projector
staurolite kyanite subfacies
steel pipe pile
string together
STX
take sb in tow
telluric method
the lid
translate
turbine locomotive
tyre inflator
value voter
valve three way
VITC
wind egg
withered zone
wordmongers