时间:2019-01-15 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   英语口译笔译考试之翻译直译的五大误区


  直译是一种重要的翻译方法,它有不少优点,例如能传达原文意义,体现原文风格等。据估算,大约70%的句子要用直译方法来处理,所以直译广为译者采 用,由此可见直译法之重要。但是,直译具有一定的局限性。例如译文有时冗长罗唆,晦涩难懂,有时不能正确传达原文意义,有时甚至事与愿违。所以,如果不顾 场合条件,不顾中外两种语言的差异,一味追求直译,就必然闯红灯,进入误区,造成误译。直译之所以有误区,是因为语言的形式与内容,句子的表层结构与深层 意义有时不统一;另一方面,中外文化历史背景不同,造成了不同的思维方式和不同的语言表达形式。不少人批评过直译硬译,指出过直译有局限性,但是直译到底 有哪些局限性,它都表现在什么地方。英语直译至少有五大误区,明确这些误区,就要在翻译中避免一些错误,就可在直译行不通的地方采用意译。
  一、否定句型中的直译误区
  英语中有一些不同的否定句型,其中有一些句型不能完全采用直译法进行翻译,否则,就会造成误译,甚至与原意背道而驰,下列几种否定句型值得注意:
  1. 部分否定句型,这种句型不同于汉语的思维形式。
  I do not know all of them.
  误:对他们我都不认识。
  正:对他们我不是个个都认识。
  All the answers are not right.
  误:所有答案都不对。
  正:答案并非全对。
  Every body wouldn’t like it.
  误:每个人都不会喜欢它。
  正:并不是每上人都会喜欢它。
  2. 单一否定中的部分句型
  It is a long lane that had no turning.
  误:那是一条没有弯的长巷。
  正:无论多长的巷也有弯的地方(路必有弯,事必有变)。
  It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.
  误:聪明人从不犯错误。
  正:无论怎样聪明的人也难免犯错误。
  We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much.
  误:我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值。
  正:对现代科学的价值无论如何重视也不过分。
  It was not until years afterwards that he heard of Semmelweis.
  误:没过几年他就听到了Semmelweis的消息。
  正:直到数年之后他才听到Semmelweis 的消息。
  二、长句直译的误区
  在较长的英语句子中存在着比较复杂的关系,很难按原则顺序用一句汉语表达出来,这就要根据英文句子的特点和内在联系进行意译,不能直译的长句主要有三种处理方法。
  1. 根据句子内在的逻辑关系和汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。例如:
  There are advantages to underground life, too, and something to be said for imaging whole cities, even mankind generally, moving downward, of having the outermost 1 mile of the Earth’s crust honeycombed with passage and strue-ture, like a gigantic ant hill.
  这是一个倒装句,表示设想条件与结果关系,按这一关系来译比直译好:家似的建筑物,一座座城市都迁入地下,甚至全人类都迁入地下生活,这也会给人类带来很多好处。
  The chances are that the dwellers 2 of the new caves would see more greenery, under ecologically healthier conditions, than dwellers of surface cities do today.
  这个句子并不复杂,但不好译。这个句子有三层关系,比较、条件和结果,按这种逻辑关系翻译就十分省事。
  同今天地面城市里的居民相比,新洞穴里的居民如果在比较健康的生态环境中生活,会有更多的机会见到青枝绿叶。
  2、有些长句需要直译与意译结合,顺译与递译结合,需要综合处理。
  But a broader and more generous, certainly more philosophical 3, view is held by those scientists who claim .that the evidence of a war instinct in men is incomplete and misleading, and that man does have within him the power of abolishing war.
  这个句子的主句部分可以意译,从句部分可直译。
  有些科学家的观点更开阔,更富有普遍性和哲理性。他们指出,有关人类战争本能的证据尚不完全,而且容易引起误解,事实上,人类自身具有消除战争的能力。
  It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astonishing enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences , which she bears unto this day.
  这个句子虽长,结构不复杂,如果进行直译,其译文将十分逊色,如果进行综合处理,译文将有声有色地传达原文的神韵。
  那里的人们富于大无畏的开创精神,建立庞大的企业,敢冒风险,势如破竹,一干到底,不顾及成本,因此为加利福尼亚赢得了声誉。

adj.最外面的,远离中心的
  • He fired and hit the outermost ring of the target.他开枪射中了靶子的最外一环。
  • The outermost electron is shielded from the nucleus.原子核对最外层电子的作用受到屏蔽。
n.居民,居住者( dweller的名词复数 )
  • City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes. 城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They have transformed themselves into permanent city dwellers. 他们已成为永久的城市居民。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的
  • The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
  • She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。
标签: 口译 笔译
学英语单词
a-type boiler
abiding places
accelerating conductor or relay
act up to one's opinion
adamantoids
AG out
amplidyne control unit
amplitude-squeezed light
AMVER
Archaeozoon
asymbiotic nitrogen fixation
atomic packing factor
autocap
bachem
Bergerocactus
black nationalist,Black Nationalist
calate
call signal
carpenter ants
cathode ray gun
chemical fastness
citizen's advocate centre
coal briquette
count against sb
delessio
descent orbit insertion
dittogrphy
dolores vagi
dreamina
earth-eater
emergency bilge suction valve
environmental pharmacology
eye tracking unit
fara
fe-s protein
font type
generation of trip
genuine turpentine oil
goods in bulk
grandiflora
gross start-stop distortion
guest rooms
have somebody by the short hairs
illtyd
intermodel
joffes
kill the enemy
macro directory
media globalization
meningoencephalitides
minimum deflection angle
mobile-river
moon face
mutual most-favored-nation clause
nemery
neoplatin
Nerdwallet
nominal size of pipe
norbert wieners
nuclear design calculations
once-dilapidated
open the way for
orthochronous
panchetti
peloponnesos (morea)
phonon coupled level
phytoclimate
plugged steel
potential capillarity
premium digital content
prester
previous-carry digit
program manager
psychotherapy in dermatological non-disease
pulsed ring
pursuers
r.s
racial stereotype
reflecting component
science and applications
Scourge of God
self-learners
set column markers
sheep maggot
sischanensis
slaved system
snetterton
sodium cooled valves
square of Pegasus
stop-over
storified
super-long stroke crosshead diesel engine
sustained transfer rate
the victims of the earthquake
triangular plug
Trogontherium
undercut trimmer saw
unhinged
value add
voltage overshoot
with the speed of
writable control storage programming