时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但两者的性质,地位不同。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。此处重点讲解分词作主语补足语的情况。


  难点形成原因:
  1.分不清什么是补足语。
  2.分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。
  3.遇到时容易和其他知识点混淆。
  4.练得不多、用得不熟。
  解决办法:
  通过练习强化,多做题,通过做练习,慢慢渗透。
  用法讲解:
  一、概念
  分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说,主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语,则很容易了解主语补足语。
  宾语补足语:在英语中,某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。
  句型:及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+ 宾语补足语(n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介词短语共7种表示法)
  该句型若变成被动语态,即将宾语提到句首作主语,原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用,所以改称主语补足语。例如:
  A cook will be immediately 1 fired if he is found smoking 2 in the kitchen.(2003年全国卷)
  此句中 smoking 是主语 he的补足语,所以称为主语补足语。
  A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen.
  此句中 smoking 是宾语 him 的补足语,所以称为宾语补足语。
  二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语
  分词作主语(宾语)补足语时,若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系,则用现在分词表示主动;如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系,则用过去分词表示被动。例如:
  He was heard singing in the next room.
  He was singing. 主语 he 与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系, 故用现在分词 singing。
  One of the glasses was found broken 3.
  One of the glasses was broken. 主语 one of the glasses 与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词 broken。
  Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth.(2004年天津卷)
  The water is running. 宾语 the water 与补足语“淌”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词 running。
  三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词
  要会使用分词作补足语,必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。
  1. 感官动词 feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,notice,observe,look at(一感二听五看)及 find 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。如:
  If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air moving against your face.
  The air can be felt moving against your face, if you wave your book in front of your face.
  The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.
  The next morning the man was found lying in bed, dead.
  2.表示“致使”动词 get,have,leave 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。
  --Good morning. Can I help you?
  --I'd like to have the package weighed, madam.(MET89)
  3. 表示“意欲;命令”的动词如 like,want,wish,order等常接过去分词充当补足语。如:
  You must tell us exactly what you would like done. 你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么。
  The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
  I wish it done quickly. 我希望很快将此事做完。
  注意:set,start,catch 常跟现在分词作宾语补足语,make 常跟过去分词作宾语补足语。如:
  set sb. thinking 4, start sb. coughing,
  He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(2004年北京春季卷)
  The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard. (NMET91)
  典例精析:
  1. I smell something ___________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (2007全国I)
  A. burning B. burnt C. being 5 burnt D. to be burnt
  答案:A。
  解析:smell something burning“闻着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味”强调这个动作正在进行。burning 作宾语补足语。something burnt “烧焦了的东西”表示一种状态。所以选 A。
  2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother's voice ______ him. (2007年上海卷)
  A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
  答案:A。
  解析:hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听到某人在做某事”。动词+ing表示主动,the child heard his mother's voice calling him表示“孩子听见他母亲喊他”。hear sth. done 表示“听见某事被做了”。所以选 A。
  3. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest 6 a good way to have her written English _____ in a short period 7. (2007年福建卷)
  A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
  答案:A。
  解析:have sth. done 表示“使某事被做”,have her written English improved “使她的书面英语得到提高”。动词+ed 形式作宾语补足语表示被动。have sb. doing sth. 意为“使某人一直在做某事”表主动。have sb. do sth. 意为“使某人做某事”表主动,do 前必须省略 to。所以选 A。
  4. -- Did Peter fix the computer himself?
  -- He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers. (2007安徽)
  A. has it fixed 8 B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it
  答案:C。
  解析:have sth. done 表示“使某事被做或请别人做某事”,动词+ed 形式作宾语补足语表示被动。由 because he doesn't know much about computers 可判断出,他找别人维修了电脑。所以选 C。

ad.立即地,即刻地;直接地,紧密地
  • I'll change it immediately for you.我立刻给您换。
  • I immediately become happy again.我立马就变的高兴起来了。
n.吸烟,抽烟;冒烟
  • He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
  • He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。
adj.坏掉的,患病的,被制服的,断掉的;vbl.break的过去分词
  • He is mending a broken cup.他在修补破杯子。
  • Something was broken in my engine.我的发动机里有个东西损坏了。
n.思考,思想;adj.思考的,有理性的;vbl.想,思考
  • All thinking men will protest against it.凡是有思想的人都会抗议这件事。
  • Thinking is mainly performed with words and other symbols.思想主要是用言语和其他符号来表达的。
n.存在;生存;生命存在,生命,人, 本质;art.在,有,是
  • Can you explain to me the purpose of being?你能对我解释一下存在的目的吗?
  • What is the purpose of our being?我们生存的目的是什么?
vt.提议,建议,促成,暗示,启发,使人想起
  • I suggest trying once more.我建议再试一次。
  • I suggest you save your breath.我劝你少开口。
n.学时,课时;一段时间,时期,周期;句点
  • Trade is always good over the Christmas period.圣诞节期间生意一向很好。
  • He nursed the company through a difficult period.他帮助公司渡过了一段困难时期。
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
标签: 高考语法
学英语单词
a run for one's money
aging leaf tissuses
alkaline soil plant
analcimolith
anthracene green
anti-theft alarm for vehicle
arctic desert zone
assembly processing step
autoconfiguration
bandom
Carson, Johnny
catastrophic waves
chinstraps
cinereus
cispadane
clipped form
colo(u)r fastness to hot pressing
conciergeries
Coolidge, Calvin
credit plan
dalrymple l.
decontamination of materials
depolished glass
design-time-only
diagonal slating
diandry
dirichlets
dithio-erythritol
dolomorphic
domestic manufacture
double entry book-keeping
Doundé Bagué
East Bumblefuck
electrostatic non-conductor
Engelhardt testing
Fontana, Domenico
free-fall time
gear-type recycling pump
glissade dessus
half-woman
haloalkaliphilic
hogsucker
hydraulic slewing crane
implantation of amnion
india.arie
intercommunicability
irradiated yeast
keep at retard
ladeth
Lanker See
lawroes
marginal seta
Marxian School
model of quadric
mu-meson
NMCS (nuclear material control system)
no lone zone
nonuniform doping
one-port network
osculating process
overtree sprinkler
papilloma of renal pelvis
picnicwares
pressure maintaining valve
prosodian
quindecemvir
quinternion
radioimmunodiffusion
ready (qualifier)
reign supreme
seamuss
second pinion
set a bridle on
settlement measurement
severalizes
Shiida
siallite-clay weathered crust
sinzig
solidified slip
splawn
striped jack
summoned party
sweet coffee
tabanus orientis
Tartessians
terminal row
terrestrial hydrology
testing-ground
tin telluride
tree hyrax
Tylophora renchangii
unbalanced shed
update fields
vacuumpumping
Venae superiores cerebelli
vibratest
viridiol
vitriform
warting
wheel bearing lubricator
work-products
WRMS