关于虚拟语气

 　　A.非真实条件句 (if引导);

　　That is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
　　B. “建议”、“命令”类从句(should);
　　……he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
　　C. Wish等特殊词汇引导的从句。
　　Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.
　　与现在事实相反的假设
　　与过去事实相反的假设
　　表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
　　与现在事实相反的假设
　　if …did/were …, … should/would/could +do
　　与过去事实相反的假设
　　if …had done …, … would have done …
　　表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
　　if …did/should do/were to do …, … Should(would，could，might)+ do …
　　If he were to go tomorrow, he might tell you. (万一……)
　　要是我明天见到布什，我就会问他这件事的。
　　If I were to meet Bush tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
　　Were I to meet Bush tomorrow，I should ask him about it.
　　如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。
　　If I had obtained the money last year, I would have bought the house.
　　Had I obtained the money last year, I would have bought the house.
　　假如锅炉出问题的话，自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。
　　If there should be any trouble with the boiler 1, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.
　　Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.
　　助动词!(不包括行为动词 )
　　If I were you, I wouldn’t get married so early. (Were I you?)
　　If I had one billion RMB, I would never get married. (Had I ?)
　　如果当时气候更适宜一些，如今庄稼会长得更好。(从句指过去，主句指现在)
　　If the weather had been more favorable, (+……would have done……)
　　If ……did……， the crop would be growing still better.
　　If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better.
　　假设的情况通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。
　　常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等.
　　Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.
　　要是没有你的帮助，我们就不会成功的。
　　But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.
　　要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。
　　He felt very tired yesterday (fact), or /otherwise he would have attended the party.
　　If he had not felt very tired yesterday, he would have attended the party.
　　他昨天太累了，否则他就来参加会议了。(也可以理解为错综条件从句)
　　形式通常为：
　　…lest (in case, for fear that) + sb + should + do
　　Lest, for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去， in case 句中的 should 通常不省去，
　　in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。
　　He took his coat with him in case it should rain.
　　他带着雨衣以防下雨。
　　I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.
　　我不会做声的，以免打扰你。
　　I obeyed her lest she should be angry.
　　我得顺着她，免得她生气。
　　宾语从句
　　主语从句
　　表语从句
　　同位语从句
　　表示建议、命令和要求的动词
　　advise 劝告 ， suggest 建议 , propose 提议
　　order 命令, request 要求, require 要求, demand要求, command 命令
　　insist 坚持, recommend 推荐
　　intend 打算 move 提议　prefer 宁愿 　　urge 主张　desire 渴望　direct 命令 ask 要求 determine 决定 decide 决定
　　He insisted [that the meeting (should) be put off].
　　他要求推迟那个会议。
　　They proposed [that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting].
　　他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。
　　特殊动词：insisted & suggest
　　You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill. (?)
　　Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
　　I insisted that you (should) make a mistake. (?)
　　I insisted that you had made a mistake.
　　有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。
　　Somebody suggested that he (should) join the club activities.
　　He (should) join the club activities was suggested by somebody.
　　It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.
　　It is desired that ……,
　　It is suggested that ……,
　　It is requested that ……,
　　It was ordered that ……,
　　It was recommended that ……,
　　It was required that ……,
　　……(should) do……
　　It is important that ……should do……
　　It is necessary that ……should do……
　　It is natural that ……should do……
　　It is vital that ……should do……
　　It is essential that ……should do……
　　appropriate 适当的
　　advisable 适当的，合理的
　　better 较好的
　　desirable 理想的
　　imperative 2 迫切的
　　insistent 3 坚持的
　　preferable 优越的，较好的
　　strange 奇怪的
　　urgent 紧迫的
　　My proposal was (that we(should) hold a meeting next week).
　　He rejected my suggestion (that we (should)appoint Tom as our monitor).
　　Wish
　　表示对过去情况的虚拟
　　表示对现在情况的虚拟
　　表示对将来情况的虚拟
　　Wish
　　I wish I were as handsome as Andy Lau.
　　He wished he hadn't said that.
　　I wish it would rain tomorrow.
　　It is (high/ about) time … did /should do……
　　It is time that the boy went to school.
　　It is high time that certain measures should be taken /were taken.
　　would rather that 从句
　　“would rather (would sooner…) + 主语 + did” 表示现在或将来的情况。
　　“would rather (would sooner) + 主语 + had done”表示过去的情况
　　would rather that 从句
　　I’d rather he didn’t go now.
　　要是他现在不走就好了
　　I’d rather soon you had been here yesterday.
　　要是你昨天在这里就好了。
　　would rather that 从句
　　As if (可以不用虚拟)
　　would sooner,
　　would just as soon,
　　might as well
　　would prefer
　　“if only”引起的感叹句
　　did 或“would/ could + do”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。
　　If only Maggie could marry me.
　　had done表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
　　If only I had not been busy last week!
　　公式化的句子
　　God bless you! 上帝保佑你!
　　So be it then! 那就这样吧!
　　May the friendship between our two peoples last forever. 祝愿我们两国人民的友谊万古青。
　　May you have a bright future.