四级语法系列练习－虚拟语气(10)
时间：2019-01-14 作者：英语课 分类：英文语法词汇
28. _____ for your laziness 2, you could 3 have finished 4 the assignment 5 by now.
A. Had 6 it not been
B. Weren't it
C. It were not
D. Had not it been
29. If it _____ too much trouble 7, I'd love a cup of tea.
A. isn't
B. weren't
C. wasn't
D. hadn't been
30. If I hadn't stood 8 under the ladder 9 to catch you when you fell 10, you _____ now.
A. wouldn't be smiling
B. won't smile
C. couldn't have smiled
D. didn't smile
答案：
28. A
译文：要不是你偷懒，你现在就已经完成任务了。
本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“If it were (had been) not for … ”句型中，意为“要不是… … ”。If it had not been for … 表示与过去事实相反的假设，从本句的主句来判断，这是一与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were , had 或should 时，既不能省略if ，也不能倒装。
29. B
译文：要是不太麻烦的话，就给我来杯茶吧。
本句涉及if条件句中的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。在与现在事实相反的非真实条件句中，主句中的谓语动词用“should （第一人称）＋动词原形，would （第二、三人称）＋动词原形”，但在美国英语中，主句所有人称都用would。主句中也用“could 或might+动词原形”。
30. A
译文：当你掉下来时，如果不是我在梯子下面把你接住，恐怕约就不会这样笑了。
本句涉及if 引导的混合型虚拟条件句。通常情况下，在非真实条件句中的主句和从句所指时间是一致的，但有时也指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。本句中，从句是对过去发生事情的假设，主句是对现在情况的假设。
- As rust is to iron,so is laziness to man. 懒惰对于人好比铁生了锈。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The primary cause of Tom's failure is his laziness. 汤姆失败的根本原因是懒惰。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗？
- I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
- We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
- We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
- His assignment was to follow the spy.分配给他的工作是跟踪这个间谍。
- He has got a new assignment.他得到一项新任命。
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
- I hate to trouble you.我真不愿麻烦你。
- The trouble is that he doesn't have enough money.麻烦在于他缺钱。
- She stood up when they came in.当他们进来时，她站了起来。
- The child stood by the side of his mother.孩子站在母亲身边。
- He got down from the ladder.他从梯子上下来了。
- The book is the ladder of human progress.书是人类进步的阶梯。