时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   口诀一:一语法,二逻辑(语义),三用法,四硬币


  这一口诀概括的是托福语法题整体解题思路和策略,其含义是:
  一语法:做托福语法题,首先从"语法"层次开始.在这一层次,正确答案与干扰项之间的区分在语法(或句子成分)的差别上.无须弄懂句子的意思即可做对.
  如:(1) -------------- were derived 1 from Lation.
  A. All Romance languages
  B. While Romance languages
  C. There are Romance languages
  D. With Romance languages
  上句中缺少的明显是主语,必须由一个名词性结构来充当。4个选项中,只有"A"项是名词性结构.答案只能是A.
  (2) The (scientific) revolution of the early 1900’s (affected) education by (change) the nature of (technology).
  上句中介词by之后必须由名词性结构来充当宾语.后面的change虽然既可作动词,也可作名词,但由于其后面还有一个名词性结构,按照“两个名词不见面”的口诀------我们后面将具体讨论-------这里只能为动词,所以C项错,答案为changing.
  上面两道题均可以在不考虑句子意思的前提下即找到正确答案。这类题在托福语法“填空”部分占85%以上,在"改错"部分亦不低于60%。掌握这一规律并记住相应的规律和口诀可以大大地提高我们作题速度和质量.
  二逻辑(语义):有一些题仅靠对句子成分地分析无法找出正确答案。这时,我们就必须以语义地层次来考虑语言或意思上的逻辑关系. 如:
  (3) She has not yet ---------- my invitation.
  A. accepted B. will accept
  C. excepted D. accepting
  从“语法”即句子成分的角度看,缺少的是谓语动词,B,D两项显然不能入选,但A,C两项似乎都可以.这时就需要通过逻辑(语义)来加以分析.如选A项,句义为"她尚未接受我的邀请:.如选C项,句义为"她尚未把我的邀请排除在外",这显然不合情理,有悖逻辑.故答案只能是A.
  (4) Walt Disney (is) remembered by (an American family) everywhere for the distinctive 2 and (irresistible) cartoon character he (introduced) to movies and television.
  此句中语法关系自身似无问题,但B项的an American family(一个美国家庭)与后面的everywhere(到处,无所不在)从逻辑上相悖,为错.故答案是B.
  三用法:有个别题从“语法”和“逻辑”的角度都可接受,这时就必须考虑从“用法”层次区分问题了.如:(5) Plants receive their nutrients 3 --------- water,soil, and sunlight.
  A. where B. over
  C. in from D. from
  上句从语法的层次分析,A,C两项均不可取.但B,D两项无论从语法还是逻辑上看都是可以被接受的.此时只能看用法了.由于receive一词用法上只能与介词from搭配,答案只能是D.
  6) City officials (are) concerned (because) crime on public (transportation) (near) reached record highs this summer.
  无论是从语法还是逻辑的角度看,上句均无问题.near一词通常具有形容词,副词,介词3种词性,而且还可以用作动词.用副词修饰动词绝无问题,且near具有接近,靠近的含义,与reached搭配似乎也没有什么不妥。但从语法的角度看,作副词的near只能与draw,come等不及物动词搭配,此处为错。故答案为D.
  四硬币:任何考试都有一个速度与质量相统一的问题.质量再高,速度太慢也难得高分.所以,如在正式考试种在上面3个层次分析后仍不能找出答案时,最不可“研题”或“抠题”,以免延误时间,在规定的时间内作不完题.
  口诀二 去掉独立成分,答案自然现身
  这一口诀主要是用来解“填空”题的.我们所遇到的情况更多是题干的句子较长而且关系复杂,
  如按传统的方法先搞清楚句子内部关系,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相应缺少的成分------不但耗时很多,而且把握不大.这里,我们介绍的方法则简便了许多:将具有"独立"意义的句子
  成分去掉------如果这时主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考虑------只考虑剩下,不“独立”的成分。这样,关系简单了,正确答案也就容易找到了.而且绝大部分情况下,在"语法"层次-----即不弄懂句义的情况下-----即可选出正确答案.
  那么,都有哪些成分时“独立成分”呢?主要有以下几种:
  1.副词和不是用作前置定语的分词;
  2.不定式,介词,分词,同位语等短语;
  3.所有的从句.
  这种方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我们来看几个例句:
  (7) Geophysicists have collaborated 4 with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery 5 and fireplaces at sites ------ by early humans.
  A. occupied B. occupying
  C. which D. were occupied
  如果按照上面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干就应该时这样的:
  (Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介词短语)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短语)(of pottery and fireplaces介词短语)(at sites介词短语)------(by early humans.介词短语)
  将这些“独立成分”都去掉后就只剩下 "Geophysicists have collaborated" .由于题干的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作为答案的选项也必须是一个“独立成分”.在不考虑词义的情况下,A,B,C3个选项似乎都可以.但是,如果B项可以的话,C也一定可以.反面证明两个选项都不行,答案自然是A了.
  (8) During the late fifteenth century, ------ of the native societies for America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.
  A. only a few B. a few but
  C. few, but only D. a few only
  还是按照前面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干部分就会变成下面这样:
  (During the late fifteenth century介词短语),-----(of the native societies fo America介词短语)had professions (in the fields介词短语)(of arts and crafts介词短语).
  把独立成分去掉后就只剩下 "------ had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主语.答案自然就是A了.

vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取
  • Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的
  • She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
  • This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
n.(食品或化学品)营养物,营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )
  • a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
  • Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》
合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 ); 勾结叛国
  • We have collaborated on many projects over the years. 这些年来我们合作搞了许多项目。
  • We have collaborated closely with the university on this project. 我们与大学在这个专案上紧密合作。
n.陶器,陶器场
  • My sister likes to learn art pottery in her spare time.我妹妹喜欢在空余时间学习陶艺。
  • The pottery was left to bake in the hot sun.陶器放在外面让炎热的太阳烘晒焙干。
标签: 托福语法
学英语单词
abdominal part
absolutely stable
absorbing state
adrenochromes
aluminium foils
asymmetric transformation
banded stilts
basivertebral vein
battologized
be let in on the ground floor
body feed
Buridan's ass
cash invoice
Chorzelów
chronographer
clip off
combined vibrating roller
compensating feedback loop
conus planorbis
cost objective
cotton production
cylinder by-pass valve
D-frame
data over voice
days of rest
deglamorization
derestrict
dextrotorsion
dispersion-equalization
ditching attitude
Dohans
electrical characteristics
externally-braced monoplane
fall-out of synchronism
forecaddies
golden eagle
Goldstein-Scheerer tests
graduated string
half-hunter
Haplopappus spinulosus
have analogy to
heating system
heliotridylamine
hildebrand
hotlines
hyuck
indirect type central air-conditioning unit
Internet suffix
Izena-jima
Kurdistani
lampyridaes
leukoplania
liquid waste receiver tank
local acceptance
lsi-cml circuit technology
magnetoresistance magnetometer
merions
metal surface plasmon and second harmonic generator
minimum graph
mohs scales
natural environment management
nervi ampullaris lateralis
neverless
occasional light
once and a way
ordinary life assurance
oscillator padding
Osipa
photocell matrix
piston curl
pivot hinge
pontes
prequalified tenderer
puffest
queueing system structure
reflux column
repair of side ditch
Revere, Paul
sample-reset loop filter
Scirpus rosthornii
scornliche
separation of spinal cord and arachnoid adhesions
silicon diode array
sope
speed through the water
stellite-faced valve
Subprime Meltdown
tee-times
toll free number
toroidal discharge
transitive law
trichomonal urethro-cystitis
under constraint
undistributed score
virus diarrhea
waltz through
white cypresses
wide anode
win ... over
Yak-141
yellow-necked mice
zygomorphic pea flower