时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   托福写作的规范思维模式:Audience--Purpose--Organization--Style--Flow--Presentation.首先考虑自己写作的读者群,也就是Audience,托福写作当然就是机改和评卷者,托福的阅卷人员基本为Lingustic,ES0L(English for Speakers of Other Languages), Literature 等关联学术背景的PHD学者。知道他们对于考生的要求对我们来说是拿高分的先机。


  1. 美国学术作文化的语言
  尽量不要沉陷在优美华丽的句子中,这其实并不是托福写作的要求。学术化的语言严谨,精炼,用词恰当。比如:and so on 和etc.这样的用法是不规范的,如果要列举要么适可而止要不就全部列举完整不可以用and so on来结尾,这样会被认为是不严谨。
  在表达得到用“get”这个词也是非常不严谨,因为get这个词不仅口语化而且本身比较抽象,在写作中用的形容词和动词要越具象越细致越好,用“obtain”来替换就比较合适。
  2. 要有具体的例子
  不仅是托福写作,北美教育机构在写作的评定中对于例子十分看重。 例子与你观点句的贴合度尤其重要。会有同学先背好不少例子,然后对题套用。这是可以的毕竟临时想到好例子也很难。但是一定要把背好的例子做调整让它更加符合你自己的观点句。
  ETS对于例子的要求是:As specific as you can. 那么怎么specific,也就是尽量结合你自己特有的生活经历来描述。比如:Once,I went to a cafe, it gave customer discount if they bring their own cup or use mug instead of plastic cup. 这个是在写一个关于商业能否环保的例子。
  那么这句话可以修改为:Last week, I went to a famous cafe in New York named Spot Cafe. One of its popular marketing 1 strategy 2 is that it provides customer discount, if they bring their own potable cup or use mug in store instead of using plastic cup.
  另外一点就是例子的量一定要够,也就是你每给出一个观点就要尽量给出合理合适的例子作支撑。
  3. 语言的相关度和精简度
  不少同学都做过把句子拉长的训练,也就是尽量详细的描述。 但是也会搬用很多套用具和万能词组在自己的写作中达到一个凑字数的效果。大家如果要字数要用例子来支撑字数而不是一些无真正含义的套话。ETS 的评卷人员其实对亚洲学生所使用的在写作中的套话有做专门的研究和统计,这一点是我完全没有想到的。
  4. Flow是在强调语言的逻辑性
  全称是Old-to-New information Flow。这一点是很多亚洲学生的死穴,也是为什么在阅读中会有指代题。文中的it和which指代的是什么。因为不少native speaker在看L2(Second Language Speaker)的文章的时候发现很难找到句子与句子之间的联系。

n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
n.方法,策略,战略
  • The only way to take the enemy position is by strategy,not by forceful attack.只可智取,不可强攻。
  • Tactics differs from strategy.战术有别于战略。
标签: 托福作文
学英语单词
abnormal frequency pulse
account receivable financing
adelmen
adiabatic temperature probe
anodic copper-aluminium alloy
arc of trajectory
Argivene
astiler
balance of power plant
breed type
Breslavians
Briancon
Campbell's theorem
camphorize
centrifugal stretching
chequable
child of legitimate birth
circuitize
clausius-mossotti theory
coff-
collective fruits
computer-human interface
constructionistic
coronary-artery
cross-section drawn
cryptogenic hepaticcirrhosis
direct mapping
document-originating mechine
fixed pipeline system
Gelineau
genus Muscicapa
geocentrically
get into bed with
gets through to
growth-management
handing stolen goods
heroica puebla de zaragozas
honeycomb rot
horaiclavus splendidus
Houston County Lake
ignotum perignotius
Impamin
in an attempt to
indirect data address list
instrumentalising
inventory investments
joint probability density
kassinove
lenticular martensite
lifter rod
limit-control system
limonia (melanolimonia) aurita
linear elastic fracture mechanics
lithium isovalerate
main-memory mapping
mcqueens
method of determination of losses
minisystems
mislevy
modern mold and core making process
moldboard plough
nasal malformation
needle holders for delicate suture
neutral point earthing
osteolepid
panormium
parochials
patroclinal ingeritance
permittivity of medium
photo-art
pitching into
profile exponent
rauen
red-chile
relative scaler
schiess
science-fictionalized
shaped iron
silageing
sir geoffrey wilkinsons
spins out
staedtler
stem canker
Streptoth rix violacea
suggest that
superregeneration
suspended signal
symbol instruction address
the Garment District
thimphus
through-mask
tirable
trade regulation
trino
troutlike
understowed cargo
upstream pressure
Vehicle Risk
votage reference
VoWiFi
water absorption tube
weighing tube